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Correct answer is (d) Sheet pile

To explain: When the sheet piles are used in such ground, it will result in the increase of BEARING power of soil. The wooden sheet piles are commonly used for the temporary work such as cofferdams. They usually consists of wooden boards 80 mm to 150 mm thick, 200 mm to 300 mm wide and 2 metres to 4 metres LONG.

The correct answer is (d) Timber SHEET pile

To explain I would say: The bottom of timber sheet pile is chamfered so as to form a cutting EDGE and if necessary, both top and bottom are PROVIDED with SUITABLE iron fittings. They usually consist of wooden boards 80 mm to 150 mm thick, 200 mm to 300 mm wide and 2 m to 4 m long.

The CORRECT choice is (C) Sand bags

The explanation: The number of banks full of sand or arrange on the rolled Steel section. The sand bag is on the platform till the SETTLEMENT of the ground ceases or stops. The loading should be applied without shock or IMPACT at the CENTRE.

Right option is (a) Plate LOAD TEST method

For explanation I would SAY: Plate load test method is one of the methods of DETERMINATION of bearing power of soil. Plate load test method is the improved point method and it is widely used for determination of the bearing capacity. Other methods for determination are the method of loading, method of dropping weight, analytical methods and Presumptive method.

The correct OPTION is (c) Penetrometer

For explanation I would SAY: The penetrometer is USED under static or dynamic LOADING which may consist of a sampling spoon, a cone or tool of other shape. The penetrometer is driven in the ground with the help of BLOWS from a 650 N weight falling from a height of 750 mm.

Right option is (b) Plate load TEST

Best explanation: Plate load test is the IMPROVED refined method and it is widely used for determining the bearing capacity of SOIL for important CIVIL engineering structures. This method can be carried out in two ways: gravity loading platform method and reaction TRUSS method.

Right option is (a) Bearing POWER

Explanation: The LOAD of the structure is ultimately COMING on the soil and hence it is of utmost importance to know the strength and behaviour of the soil. Dividing the ultimate bearing power of soil by a factor of SAFETY, the safe bearing capacity of soil is OBTAINED.

Correct ANSWER is (c) 1.50 m

To ELABORATE: Test Pit is EXCAVATED up to a depth about 1.50 m at which sufficiently hard soil is AVAILABLE. The various data of soil can be inspected, STUDIED and classified accordingly. This method is useful when hard soil is available within a maximum depth of 1.50 m.

Correct option is (a) Test pits

Explanation: Using Trail pits or Test pits, various TATA of the soil can be INSPECTED, studied and classified accordingly. This method is USEFUL when HARD soil is available within a maximum depth of 1.50 metre.

Correct answer is (b) Hydraulic jack

The EXPLANATION is: In the plate load TEST, the hydraulic Jack is preferably provided with the remote CONTROL pumping UNIT. The reaction of the hydraulic jack is borne either by the gravity loading platform method or by the reaction TRUSS method.

Right answer is (b) SAND pile

The explanation is: Shown above is a typical sand pile. The sand piles are placed at 2 metres to 3 meters, USUALLY under the COLUMN of the structure. Load test should be CARRIED out to determine the bearing capacity of sand pile.

Correct choice is (b) 50%

To EXPLAIN I would say: HOWEVER, if water table is situated below the BEARING surface of the SOIL at a depth equal to the width of the FOUNDATION trench, no such reduction should be applied. But in this case, 50% reduction is applied. For intermediate depths of the water table, the proportion and percentage reduction should be applied.

The correct choice is (a) R÷{A×F}

Best explanation: Safe bearing CAPACITY of soil per unit area = R÷{A×F} where R is EQUALS to ultimate resistance of soil, A = 2 CROSS sectional area of the substance, F equals two FACTOR of SAFETY. The results obtained by this method are approximate and hence this method is used for minor engineering structures.

Correct choice is (a) Angle of internal friction

The best explanation: Angle of internal friction and Cohesion are the SOIL parameters which are used in analytical method to DETERMINE the ultimate BEARING capacity of soil. The samples, preferably of undisturbed soil, are collected from the bore holes or TEST pits and various test are then CARRIED out in the soil testing laboratory for the purpose of analytical analysis of the soil.

Correct OPTION is (d) 25

To elaborate: The total amount of settlement should be generally limited between 40 mm and 100 mm. The term DIFFERENTIAL settlement indicates the RELATIVE settlement of the ADJACENT portion of the structure.

Right CHOICE is (a) Post-hole auger

Easy EXPLANATION: The length of the tube is about 1.50 M and it is PROVIDED with a Jaws at the end so that it can be suitably explore or DIG the ground easily. The auger is work by applying leverage at the TOP.

Right option is (a) POOR bearing capacity

Easy explanation: It is normally USED in soft inorganic soils. Stone columns are essentially a method of soil reinforcement in which soft cohesive soil is replaced at discrete POINTS by compacted stone or crushed rock in pre bored vertical HOLE to form columns or FILES within the soil.

Right option is (C) COMPOSITE pile

To EXPLAIN I would say: Composite pile is formed when it is a combination either of a bored pile and DRIVEN Pile or of driven piles of two different materials. In this combination, the advantage is taken of the durability of CONCRETE piles and the cheapness of timber piles.

Correct choice is (d) Vibroflotation

For explanation I would SAY: Vibroflotation is very useful especially when the FOUNDATION is required to support heavy loads spread over a great area. In this method, a heavy CYLINDER KNOWN as Vibroflot is inserted in the ground while the cylinder vibrates due to a Rotary ECCENTRIC weight.

Right choice is (b) Sand pile

The best EXPLANATION: These PILES are formed by making holes in the GROUND and then filling the holes by sand. If sand is kept confined, it possesses great CRUSHING STRENGTH and becomes incompressible.

Correct option is (c) Timber pile

The best explanation: Figure GIVEN above is a Timber pile. At the bottom, a cast IRON shoe is provided at the top, a steel plate is FIXED. If a group of timber piles is driven, the top of each MEMBER of the group is brought at the same level and then, a concrete CAP is provided to have a common platform.

The correct CHOICE is (a) Concrete sheet pile

For explanation I would say: Concrete sheet piles are square or rectangular in cross section and they are driven SIDE by side so as to form a CONTINUOUS wall. The weight of precast RCC piles varies from 500 mm to 600 mm and the THICKNESS varies from 20 mm to 60 mm.

Correct answer is (C) kN/m^2

The best I can EXPLAIN: The bearing CAPACITY of SOIL is calculated as the maximum load divided by the total area of steel plate i.e. Bearing Capacity = max. Load ÷ area of steel plate and the UNIT is N/m^2 or kN/m^2.

Right answer is (a) 40

Best EXPLANATION: For ordinary frame structures of CONCRETE, the permissible angular distortion is 1/500 i.e. one HORIZONTAL to 500 vertical and the desirable value is 1/1000 i.e. one horizontal to 1000 vertical. The TERM angular distortion is used to indicate the deformation of the structure in a vertical plane.

Correct choice is (b) METHOD of loading

For explanation: In method of loading, a square steel plate is used whose size depends on practical conditions and it generally varies from 3000 mm^2 to 7500 mm^2. The plate should have sufficient thickness to with STAND the maximum BENDING stresses DUE to PROBABLE loading.

The correct answer is (c) Probing

For explanation I would say: In Probing, a HOLLOW TUBE of diameter 35 mm to 50 mm is taken. The tube is DRIVEN into the ground 300 mm or so at a time. It is then withdrawn and the material caught in the slit is inspected.

Correct OPTION is (a) Plate load test

To explain: Plate load test is the improved REFINED method and it is WIDELY used for determining the bearing capacity of soil for important civil structures. Specifically, this method is plate load method with gravity loading par platform which consists of loading of SAND bags.

Right answer is (b) 3000 mm^2 to 7500 mm^2

The explanation: In method of loading comma the size of square steel plate generally VARIANCE from 3000 mm^2 to 7500 mm^2. The plates should have sufficient THICKNESS to with STAND the maximum bending stresses due to PROBABLE loading. But in no case, it should be LESS than 25 mm.

The correct choice is (a) Universal joist steel SHEET pile

The explanation: The given figure SHOWS a universal JOINT Steel sheet pile. These piles consist of I-beams connected by STANDARD clutches or lock bars. But its flanges are curved so as to accommodate the flanges of I beams as SHOWN in given figure.

Right ANSWER is (a) Standard penetration RESISTANCE

Easiest explanation: The bearing capacity and the other engineering properties of certain TYPES of soil are they KNOWN by referring to the curves correlating Standard Penetration Resistance or SPT and the CORRESPONDING characteristics of soil. The values of SPT of soil and different depths are determined.

Right answer is (C) ALLOWABLE bearing pressure

Explanation: The value of Allowable Bearing Pressure on soil depends on the nature of ground and the TYPE of BUILDING. The maximum safe bearing CAPACITY of soil is generally more than the allowable bearing pressure on soil.