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(a) ii- Vedic hymns were created in Vedic Sanskrit

(b) ii- for the birth of sons

(c) i - A is correct and R is the correct reason. Agni was considered to be the messenger God, hence offerings were made to Agni.

(d) iii- both a and b are correct

SIRAJ-UD-DAULAH ORDERED THE BRITISH TO PAY TAXE'S TO HIM LIKE ALL ORHER INDIAN MERCHANT'S. THE BRITISH REFUSED TO DO SO. THIS ANGERED THE YOUNG NAWAB. IN ARTICIPATION OF A WAR WITH THE FRENCH, WHO HAD A TRADING SETTLEMENT  IN CHANDEMAGORE. FROM THEN THE BRITISH STARTED TO FORTIFY CALCUTTA.. 

THANK YOU..

Siraj-ud-Daulah ordered the British to pay taxes to him like all other Indian merchants. The British refused to do so. This angered the young nawab. In anticipation of a war with the French, who had a trading settlement in Chandemagore, the British began to fortify Calcutta.

• It is a form of Islamic mysticism that emphasizes introspection and spiritual closeness with God.
• In the early centuries of Islam, a group of religious-minded people called Sufis turned to asceticism and mysticism in protest against the growing materialism of the Caliphate as a religious and political institution.
• They were critical of the dogmatic definitions and scholastic methods of interpreting the Qur‘an and Sunnah (traditions of the Prophet) adopted by theologians.
• Instead, they laid emphasis on seeking salvation through intense devotion and love for God by following His commands, and by following the example of the Prophet Muhammad whom they regarded as a perfect human being.
• The Sufis thus sought an interpretation of the Quran on the basis of their personal experience. Hence statement A is correct.
• By the eleventh century, Sufism evolved into a well-developed movement with a body of literature on Quranic studies and Sufi practices.
• Institutionally, the Sufis began to organize communities around the hospice or Khanqah (Persian) controlled by a teaching master known as shaikh (in Arabic), Pir or Murid (in Persian). He enrolled disciples (murids) and appointed a successor (khalifa).
• He established rules for spiritual conduct and interaction between inmates as well as between laypersons and the master. Hence statement C is correct.

• A major feature of the Sufi tradition was austerity, including maintaining a distance from worldly power. However, this was by no means a situation of absolute isolation from political power.
• The Sufis accepted unsolicited grants and donations from the political elites. The Sultans, in turn, set up charitable trusts as endowments for hospices and granted tax-free land (Inam). Hence the statement B is not correct.
• The Chishtis accepted donations in cash and kind.
• Other Sufis such as the Suhrawardi under the Delhi Sultans and the Naqshbandi under the Mughals were also associated with the state. However, the modes of their association were not the same as those of the Chishtis.
• In some cases, Sufis accepted courtly offices.

Given:

Two trains of same length are running on parallel tracks in the same direction at 56 km/h and 44 km/h, respectively. The faster train passes the other train in 63 seconds.

Concept used:

Time and Distance 

Calculation

Two trains of same length are running on parallel tracks in the same direction at 56 km/h and 44 km/h, respectively.

Two trains are running in the same direction

Relative speed = 56 km/hr - 44 km/hr

Relative speed = 12 km/hr

Converting the relative speed in m/sec

⇒ \(12 × \frac{5}{{18}} = \frac{{10}}{3} \ m/\sec \)

Time = 63 sec (Given)

Distance = Speed × Time 

Distance = \(63 \times \frac{{10}}{3} = 210\ m\)

Length of each train = \(\frac{{210}}{2} = 105\ m\)

Given:

Rakesh does half of a work in 30 days

Remaining work done by Sanny = (1 – 1/2)

⇒ (2 – 1)/2

⇒ 1/2 of the work in 7.5 days

Concept used:

If a person does a work in ‘n’ days, then one day work will be 1/n part of total work.

Total time taken for one work = the number of days/part of the work

Calculation:

One work done by Rakesh = 30/(1/2)

⇒ 60 days

Then one day work by Rakesh = 1/60 part of total work

One work done by Sanny = 7.5/(1/2)

⇒ 15 days

Then one day work by Sanny = 1/15 part of total work

Now, the one day work by Rakesh and Sanny = one day work by Rakesh + one day work by Sanny

⇒ 1/60 + 1/15

⇒ (1 + 4)/60

⇒ 5/60

⇒ 1/12

Then, time taken to complete one work by both Rakesh and Sanny = 12 days

34.3%

Given:

Percentage of water replaced after three process = 30%

Formula used:

Quantity of milk left = a{1 – (b/a)}ⁿ

a = Initial quantity

b = Replaced quantity

n = Number of repetition

Calculation:

Let the initial quantity of milk be 100 l

⇒ Quantity of milk replaced with water = (30/100) × 100 = 30 l

n = 3

Quantity of milk left = 100{1 – (30/100)}³

⇒ Quantity of milk left = 100{(10 – 3)/10}³

⇒ Quantity of milk left = 100 × (7/10) × (7/10) × (7/10)

⇒ Quantity of milk left = 34.3%

∴ The intensity of milk after third operation is 34.3%  

Given:

Pipe P alone can fill the cistern in 30 min

Pipe Q alone can fill the cistern in 40 min

Pipes P, Q, and R can fill it in 10 min

Concept Used:

Total work is LCM of work done by each pipe.

Calculation:

Part filled by (P + Q + R) in 1 min = 1 / 10

Part filled by P in 1 min = 1 / 30

Part filled by Q in 1 min = 1/40

Part filled by (P + Q) = 1 / 30 + 1 / 40

⇒ 7 / 120

Part filled by R = 1 / 10 – 7 / 120

⇒ (12 - 7) / 120

⇒ 5 / 120

⇒ 1 / 24

Given:

Total acid = 100 L

Taken out acid and replaced by water = 10 L

Repeated process = 4 times

Concept Used:

The final volume of acid = Total acid[1 - (Taken out and replaced/Total acid)]^{n times repeated}

n = Number of repeated process

Calculation:

The volume of remaining acid = Total acid[1 - (Taken out and replaced/Total acid)]n times repeated

The volume of remaining acid = 100(1 - 10/100)⁴

⇒ 100(1 - 1/10)⁴

⇒ (100 × 9 × 9 × 9 × 9)/(10 × 10 × 10 × 10)

⇒ 6561/100

⇒ 65.61 L

∴ The volume of remaining milk is 65.61 L

Given:

Pipe A and B can fill (1-1 / 4) = 3 / 4^th of the cistern in 15 and 20 minutes respectively.

Pipe C can empty 1 / 4^th of the cistern in 10 minutes.

Formula used:

Total volume = time × rate of resultant water inlet

Calculations:

Let us assume the total volume of the cistern = 4 × LCM of (15, 20, 10) = 240 lit.

A and B can fill 3 / 4^th i.e. (240 × 3 / 4) = 180 lit. in 15 and 20 minutes respectively.

C can empty 1 / 4^th i.e. (240 × 1 / 4) = 60 lit in 10 minutes.

Inlet capacity for A = 180 / 15 = 12 lit / min

Inlet capacity for B = 180 / 20 = 9 lit / min

Outlet capacity for C = 60 / 10 = 6 lit / min

If three pipes are open at the same time, rate of resultant inlet = (12 + 9 - 6) = 15 lit / min

Given:

X, Y can fill the given empty tank In 45 and 54 minutes respectively.

Pipe Z can empty in 90 minutes.

After 10 minutes X, Y are blocked and only pipe Z is opened.

Concept used:

Efficiency = (Total work)/(Time taken)

Calculation:

Let us take the LCM of the time of the three pipes i.e.

LCM of (45, 54, 90) minutes = 270 unit.

Let the Capacity of the tank is 270 units.

⇒ Efficiency of X = (270/45) = + 6 units

⇒ Efficiency of Y = (270/54) = + 5 units

⇒ Efficiency of Z = (270/90) = - 3 units

(∵ X, Y are filling pipes so their efficiency is positive and as Z is an empty Pipe its efficiency is negative)

Pipes X, Y, Z are all opened for 10 minutes,

⇒ Work done by all in 10 minutes = (+ 6 + 5 – 3) × 10 = 80 units      -----(1)

∴ Time Taken by Z to Empty 80 units of tank is (80/3) minutes.

Given:

Pipe A can fill a cistern in 15 minutes Pipe B can fill it in 9 minutes. With the help of pipe C, all the pipes can fill a cistern in 5 minutes. D, with the help of C filled the cistern in 15 minutes.

Formula:

If the time taken by pipes P1, P2,..Pn to fill a tank is p1, p2, ...pn and the time taken by pipes Q1, Q2, ..., Qn to empty it be q1, q2,..., qn respectively and the total time taken by all the pipes to fill the tank is t.

1/t = (1/p1 + 1/p2 + ... + 1/pn) – (1/q1 + 1/q2 + ... + 1/qn)

Efficiency is inversely proportional to time taken for doing work.

Total work = Efficiency × time

Calculation:

Let the time taken by pipes C and D to fill the cistern be c and d respectively.

In 1 minute pipe A fill = 1/15 part

In 1 minute pipe B fill = 1/9 part

In 1 minute pipe C fill = 1/c part

In 1 minute pipe D fill = 1/d part

In 1 minute pipe (A + B + C) fill = 1/5 part

In 1 minute pipe (C + D) fill = 1/15 part

According to question

1/a + 1/b + 1/c = 1/5

⇒ 1/c = (1/5) – (1/15) – (1/9)

⇒ 1/c = (9 - 3 - 5)/45

⇒ 1/c = 1/45

⇒ c = 45 minutes

Thus, C can fill the tank in 45 minutes.

C and D can fill the tank in 15 minutes, then

1/c + 1/d = 1/15

⇒ 1/d = (1/15) – (1/45)

⇒ 1/d = (3 - 1)/45 = 2/45

Thus, d can fill the tank in 22.5 minutes.

Now, let the time required by B and D to fill full tank be t.

1/b + 1/d = 1/t

⇒ 1/9 + 1/(45/2) = 1/t

⇒ 1/t = 1/9 + 2/45 = 7/45

⇒ t = 45/7

B and D can fill the full tank in 45/7 minutes.

∴ They will fill half tank in 45/14 minutes. 

Given:

The efficiency of pipe B filling a tank is double than that of A.

FORMULA:

If efficiency is double, the time taken to do a work will be half.

Efficiency is inversely proportional to time taken for doing work.

Total work = Efficiency × time

CALCULATION:

From the question

The efficiency of B = 2 × efficiency of A

Let In 1 hour A fill 1 unit in a tank, then

In 1 hour B will fill 2 units.

Now, let pipe B is opened for x hours then, pipe A is opened for 4x hours.

In x hours B will fill = 2 × x = 2x unit

In 4x hours A will fill = 1 × 4x = 4x unit

∴ The ratio of water in tank by A and B = 4x/2x = 2 : 1

Let, initial quantity of mixture be y liters.

Quantity of milk in the initial mixture = 7y/12

Quantity of water in the initial mixture = 5y/12

Quantity of milk in the remaining mixture = 7y/12 – 7/12 × 36 = 7y/12 – 21

Quantity of water on the remaining mixture = 5y/12 – 5/12 × 36 = 5y/12 – 15

From I:

(7y/12 – 21 + 15)/(5y/12 – 15 + 5) = 5/3

⇒ (7y/12 – 6)/(5y/12 – 10) = 5/3

⇒ 3 × (7y/12 – 6) = 5 × (5y/12 – 10)

⇒ 7y/4 – 18 = 25y/12 – 50

⇒ 25y/12 – 7y/4 = 50- 18

⇒ (25y – 21y)/12 = 32

⇒ 4y/12 = 32

⇒ y/3 = 32

⇒ y = 96 liters

Quantity of milk in the initial mixture = 7/12 × 96 = 56 liters.

From II:

(7y/12 – 21 – 7/12 × 24)/(5y/12 – 15 – 5/12 × 24 + 3) = 7/6

⇒ (7y/12 – 21 – 14)/(5y/12 – 15 10 + 3) = 7/6

⇒ (7y/12 – 35)/(5y/12 – 22) = 7/6

⇒ 6 × (7y/12 – 35) = 7 × (5y/12 – 22)

⇒ 42y/12 – 210 = 35y/12 – 154

⇒ 7y/12 = 56

⇒ y = 56 × 12/7

⇒ y = 96 liters

Quantity of milk in the initial mixture = 7/12 × 96 = 56 liters.

Hence, either the statement I alone or statement II alone is sufficient to answer the question.

Let total number of employees in the company is Q.

From a :

Number of employees who like coffee = 0.4Q

Number of employees who like tea = 0.25Q

Number of employees who like cold drink = 0.35 × 0.2Q

From data we cannot find out the answer.

From b :

Number of employees working in marketing determent = 0.18Q

Number of employees working in IT determent = 0.35Q

Number of employees working in HR determent = 0.47 × 0.25Q = 0.1175

Number of employees working in content determent = 0.47 × 0.45Q = 0.2115Q

Remaining working in the other department = 141

⇒ Q – (0.18 + 0.35 + 0.1175 + 0.2115)Q = 141

⇒ 0.141Q = 141

⇒ Q = 1000

Hence, option b is sufficient.

From C :

Employees from state X = 0.2Q

Employees from state X = 0.8 × 0.6Q = 0.48Q

So, remaining from state Y.

But from this information, we cannot find the answer.

From D :

Married employees = 0.6Q and unmarried employees = 0.4Q

The ratio of male to female unmarried employees is 4 : 5 and ratio of married male and female employees is 3 : 4.

But from this information, we cannot find the answer.

From I and II:

Total apple given to men = 114 × 10/(10 + 5 + 4) = 60

Total apple given to women = 114 × 5/(10 + 5 + 4) = 30

Total apple given to children = 114 × 4/(10 + 5 + 4) = 24

From II : Let apple received by 1 child is ‘a’ and that of by 1 men = ‘2a’ respectively.

Hence, statements I and II together are not sufficient.

From I and III:

Total apple given to men = 114 × 10/(10 + 5 + 4) = 60

Total apple given to women = 114 × 5/(10 + 5 + 4) = 30

Total apple given to children = 114 × 4/(10 + 5 + 4) = 24

Let apple received by 1 men, 1 women and 1 child is 4b, 3b and 2b respectively.

Ratio of men, women and child = 60/4b : 30/3b : 24/2b = 15 : 10 : 12

So men = 37 × 15/(15 + 10 + 12) = 15, women = 37 × 10/(15 + 10 + 12) = 10 and children = 37 × 12/(15 + 10 + 12) = 12

Number of apple each men, women and child together receive = 60/15 + 30/10 + 24/12 = 9

Hence statement I and III together are sufficient.

Given:

Kandarp : Mahima = 3 : 5

Kandarp’s age after 7 years = 25 years

Bhaumik = 5 + Mahima’s age

Calculation:

Kandarp’s current age = 25 – 7

⇒ Kandarp’s current age = 18 years

⇒ Kandarp : Mahima = 3 : 5

⇒ Mahima’s age = 5 × 18/3

⇒ Mahima’s age = 30 years

Bhaumik’s age = 5 + 30

⇒ Bhaumik’s age = 35 years

Quantity I: 35 years

Quantity II: 30 years

∴ Quantity I > Quantity II

From option (1):

Ajay + Bharti + Dhruv = Bharti + Dhruv + Tara + 10

Ajay = Tara + 10

Bharti = Chaten – 6

Dhruv = Chaten + 2

From option (1) :

Chaten = 35 – 13 = 22 years

Present age of Tara is not given. So, present age of ajay cannot be determined and also ratio of present ages of Ajay and chetan cannot be determined.

Hence, this option is not sufficient alone.

From option (2):

Bharti + Chaten + Dhruv = 47

Chaten – 6 + Chaten + Chaten + 2 = 47

Chaten = 17 years

Present age of Ajay is not given. So, ratio of present ages of Ajay and Chaten cannot be determine.

Hence, this option is not sufficient alone

From option (3):

Ajay + Tara + Chaten = 48

Ajay + Ajay – 10 + Chaten = 48

2Ajay + Chaten = 58

Given data is not sufficient to find the answer.

Hence, this option is not sufficient alone.

From option (4):

Bharti + Dhruv = 24

Chaten – 6 + Chaten + 2 = 24

Chaten = 14 years

Ajay + Chaten = 30

Ajay = 30 – 14 = 16 years

Ratio, Ajay : Chaten = 16 : 14 = 8 : 7

From option (5) :

(Ajay + Bharti)/2 = 2 + (Bharti + Dhruv)/2

Ajay = 4 + Dhruv

Ajay = 4 + Chaten + 2

Ajay = Chaten + 6

Given data is not sufficient to find the answer.

Hence, this option is not sufficient alone.

From A:

Ratio of time taken by Amit, Vikas and Montu = ½ : 1/3 : ¼ = 6 : 4 : 3

So, 1/6z + 1/4z + 1/3z = 1/24

⇒ (2 + 3 + 4)/12z = 1/24

⇒ z = 18

So, Amit and Montu together can complete the work in = 1/(1/6z + 1/3z) = 1/3/6z = 2z = 36 days.

Hence, option a alone is sufficient.

From B :

Amit and Akash can complete the work in 2z and 3z days respectively.

And Amit, Akash and Montu together can complete the work in 8 days

From this information we cannot find the answer.

From C:

Amit alone can complete the work in 15 days.

Sonu and Montu together complete the work in 10 days.

But here Montu alone complete the work in how many days is not given.

From this information we cannot find the answer.

From D:

Efficiency of Amit and Montu is 2 : 3

Let Amit and Montu can complete the work in 3z and 2z days respectively.

And Montu and Sonu together can complete the work in half of the time taken by Amit alone.

From this information, we cannot find the answer.

Calculation:

For Statement I:

Total Surface area of cuboid = 2 (lb + bh + hl)

Let Length be 3x, breadth = 2x, height = x

⇒ 352 = 2 (3x × 2x + 2x × x + x × 3x)

⇒ 176 = (6x² + 2x² + 3x²)

⇒ 176 = 11x²

⇒ x² = 16

⇒ x = 4

∴ Length = 12, Breadth = 8, Height = 4

∴ Volume = lbh

⇒ 12 × 8 × 4

⇒ 384 cm³

Statement I alone is not sufficient to answer the question.

For statement II:

Total Surface Area of Cube = 6s²

⇒ 384 = 6s²

⇒ s² = 64

⇒ s = 8

∴ Volume of the cube = s³

⇒ 8³

⇒ 512cm³

Statement II alone is not sufficient to answer the question.

For Statement III:

Height of the cuboid = x cm

Length = 3x

Breadth = 2x

∴ Difference = 3x – x

⇒ 8 = 2x

⇒ x = 4

∴ Length = 12, Breadth = 8, Height = 4

∴ Volume = lbh

⇒ 12 × 8 × 4

⇒ 384 cm³

Statement III alone is not sufficient to answer the question.

But we can solve the question by either Statement I and II or statement II and III.

Let the usual speed of Rati be ‘x’ km/hr

So, x × t = (x – 30) × (t + 3)

xt = xt + 3x – 30t – 90

x – 10t = 3      ----(i)

(A) : Now, (x – 20) (t – 1) = 240

xt – x – 20t + 20 = 240

xt – x – 20t = 220

(10t + 30) × t – (10t + 30) – 20t = 220

10t² + 30t – 10t – 30 – 20t = 220

10t² = 250

T = 5

So, the value of ‘t’ is determined.

(B) : So, total distance travelled = x(t + 2) + (x/2) × (t – 2) = (3xt/2 + x) km

Total time taken = (t + 2) + (t – 2) = 2t

So, (3xt/2 + x)/2t = 68

3t(10t + 30)/2 + (10t + 30) = 136t

15t² + 45t + 10t + 30 = 136t

15t² – 81t + 30 = 0

5t² – 27t + 10 = 0

(5t – 2) (t – 5) = 0

So, t = 2/5 or 5 but t = 2/5 is not possible

For t = 5, x = 80

So, the value of ‘x’ can be determine.

(C) : Multiples of 5 between 40 and 50 are 40, 45 and 50

For x = 40, t = 1

For x = 45, t = 1.5

For x = 50, t = 2

Since, ‘t’ is a whole number, t = 1 or 2

So, the value of ‘x’ cannot be determined.

(D) : So, xt = 400

T = 400/x

Putting in (i)

x – 400/x = 30

x² – 30x – 400 = 0

(x – 40) (x + 10) = 0

x = 40

So, the value of ‘x’ is determined.

Income = Rs. 60000

Let amount received by each sister = p

Statement I:

Amount received by sid’s brother = p + 500

Other expenditure = 16800

Savings = (60/100) × (100/40) × 16800 = 25200

Now, 60000 = 3p + p + 500 + 16800 + 25200

P = Rs. 4375

Percent of money is received by each sister = (4375/60000) × 100 = 7.29%

Statement II:

Savings = Rs. 25200

Other expenditure = (40/100) × (100/60) × 25200 = Rs. 16800

60000 = 25200 + 16800 + share of three sister + share of brother

3p + share of brother = 18000

Given data is not sufficient to determine the answer.

Hence, this statement is redundant to fine the answer.

Statement III:

Savings = Rs. 25200

Other expenditure = (40/100) × (100/60) × 25200 = Rs. 16800

60000 = 25200 + 16800 + share of three sister + share of brother

4p = 18000

P = Rs. 4500

Percent of money is received by each sister = (4500/60000) × 100 = 7.5%

Statement I:

Other expenditure = Rs. 20000

Savings = (60/100) × (100/40) × 20000 = Rs. 30000

Percentage = (30000/60000) × 100 = 50%

Statement II:

Share of three sister = 3 × 4000 = Rs. 12000

Share of brother = Rs. 5000

Savings = 60% of (60000 – 12000 – 5000) = Rs. 25800

Percentage = (25800/60000) × 100 = 43%

Statement III:

Savings = 15000 + share of each sister

60000 = share of three sister + share of brother + other expenditure + 15000 + share of each sister

45000 = 4 × share of each sister + share of brother + other expenditure

Given data is not sufficient to determine the answer.

Hence, this statement is not sufficient alone.

Calculation:

For Statement I:

Principal = 18,000

Interest = (P × R × T)/100

⇒ Interest = (18,000 × R × 2)/100

Statement I alone is not sufficient to answer the question.

For statement II:

Amount = 23,400

Statement II alone is not sufficient to answer the question.

But combining both the statements I and II

 Principal = 18,000, Amount = 23,400, Time = 2years

Interest = 23400 – 18000 = 5400

⇒ Interest = (18,000 × R × 2)/100

⇒ 5400 = (18000 × R × 2)/100

⇒ R = 5400/360

⇒ R = 15%

∴ Length = 12, Breadth = 8, Height = 4

∴ Volume = lbh

⇒ 12 × 8 × 4

⇒ 384 cm³

Statement I and II is sufficient to answer the question.

For statement III:

Let Principle be x, Amount = 3x, Time = 40/3 years

Interest = 3x – x = 2x

Interest = (P × R × T)/100

⇒ 2x = (x × R × 40)/300

⇒ R = 15%

Statement III alone is sufficient to answer the question.

Statement I and II together or statement III alone is sufficient.

Let the present age of R, S, T and U be ‘r’, ‘s’, ‘t’ and ‘u’ years respectively.

So, (r - 3)/(s – 3) = 5/7

⇒ 5s – 15 = 7r – 21

⇒ 7r – 5s = 6      ----(i)

Also, (t + 3) / (u + 3) = 11/5

⇒ 11u + 33 = 5t + 15

⇒ 5t – 11u = 18     ----(ii)

Now, t = s + 6

Putting in (ii)

5(s + 6) – 11 u = 18

⇒ 11u – 5s = 12

⇒ 11u + 6 – 7r = 12

⇒ 11u – 7r = 6      ----(iii)

Also, (r + u)/2 = 15

⇒ r + u = 30     ----(iv)

(iii) + 7 × (iv) given,

18u = 216

⇒ u = 12

∴ r = 30 – 12 = 18

From (i),

7 × 18 – 5s = 6

⇒ 5s = 120

⇒ s = 24

∴ t = s + 6 = 24 + 6 = 30

The present ages of all of them can be determined.

The data in all the statements I, II, and III are not sufficient to answer the question.

Calculation:

For Statement I:

Total age of Malini, Rati, and Vijay = 78 years

Statement I alone is not sufficient to answer the question.

For statement II:

Total age of all 5 members = 37 × 5

⇒ 185

Statement II alone is not sufficient to answer the question.

For statement III:

Let the age of Girish be x

Age of Vijay = x + 14

Interest = 3x – x = 2x

Statement III alone is not sufficient to answer the question.

Statement I, II, and III are not sufficient.

Calculation:

From statement I:

We can conclude the speed of the train and by combining Statement II and III, we conclude the distance between Jabalpur and Somnath.

But we can not conclude how long it has stopped at each stoppage because the speed we concluded is the speed of the train not the average speed of the entire journey.

All the statements I, II, and III are not sufficient to answer the question.

Concept:

• The National Green Tribunal was formed on 18 October 2010.
  • The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 is an Act of the Parliament of India which enables the creation of a special tribunal to handle the expeditious disposal of the cases pertaining to environmental issues.
  • It draws inspiration from India's constitutional provision of Article 21 Protection of life and personal liberty, which assures the citizens of India the right to a healthy environment.
  • NGT is proposed to be set up at five places of sittings and will follow circuit procedure for making itself more accessible.
  • New Delhi is the Principal Place of Sitting of the Tribunal and Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata, and Chennai shall be the other place of sitting of the Tribunal.

Explanation:

Green Bench :

• A green bench is a judicial bench that hears and adjudicates disputes relating to the preservation of forests and the protection of the environment. 
• The word green bench was coined by the Supreme Court in the 'Madras Tanneries' case, on August 28, 1996.
• Green Bench was the earlier form of the National Green Tribunal.
• The First Green bench was in Kolkata.

• NGT Structure :
  • The Principal Bench of the NGT is in New Delhi.
  •  Each Bench has a specified geographical jurisdiction in a region. 
  • The Chairperson of the NGT is a retired Judge of the Supreme Court, head quartered in New Delhi.
  • On 18 October 2010, Justice Lokeshwar Singh Panta became its first Chairman.
  • Retired justice Adarsh Kumar Goel is the incumbent chairman.
  • Other Judicial members are retired Judges of High Courts.
  • Each bench of the NGT will comprise at least one Judicial Member and one Expert Member.
  • Expert members should have a professional qualification and a minimum of 15 years experience in the field of environment/forest conservation and related subjects.
• Justice Adarsh Kumar Goel is a Chairperson of National Green Tribunal (NGT).
• Under the NGT Act 2010, the tribunal is to have a full-time chairperson and up to 20 judicial and expert members each.
• According to the Act, the tribunal is not supposed to have less than 10 of either.
• It currently has four judges, including the chair, and as many experts

Calculation:

By combining statements, I and II:

We conclude the age of Lucky and the age of Shanti. So, we can find the sum as well.

Statement II and III indirectly means the same.

So, by combining I and III we can get our answer.

Calculation:

For Statement I:

When he sells 100 units then scale weighs only 75 units.

Let CP of 1 unit = 1 then CP of 75 units = Rs. 75

SP of 75 units = Rs. 100

∴ we conclude that a profit of 33.33%. As we don’t have to find the value so CP is not necessary.

Statement I alone is sufficient to answer the question.

For statement II:

We can conclude that C.P = 30

Statement II alone is not sufficient to answer the question.

For statement III:

Let CP of 1 unit = 1

Then the SP of 100 units = 112.5% of 100 and net percentage = 50% therefore, CP = 75 it means he uses 25% less weight

As he sold his article at CP then his profit is 33.33%.

Statement III alone is sufficient to answer the question.

Statement I or III alone are sufficient.

From I:

Let CP of 1 kg of pure wheat = Rs. 1

Then SP of kg of mixture = Rs. 1 and gain = 25%

CP of 1 kg of mixture = 1 × 100/125 = Rs. 4/5

Ratio of wheat to impurity = 4/5 : 1/5 = 4 : 1

Percentages impurity = 1/ (4 + 1) × 100 = 20%

Hence, statement I alone is sufficient.

From II:

Amount of mixture = 45 kg and amount of impurity is z kg.

Given –

⇒ 5/2 × z = 150% of 2/3 × 45

⇒ z = (150 × 2 × 45 × 2)/ (100 × 3 × 5)

⇒ z = 18

% impurity = 18/45 × 100 = 40%

Hence, statement II alone is sufficient.

From III:

Let total quantity of mixture = 5z and quantity of pure wheat = 3z.

Quantity of impurity in the mixture = 5z – 3z = 2z

% impurity = 2z/5z × 100 = 40%

Hence, statement III alone is sufficient.

Calculation:

Length of Train P = 175 m

Let the speed of the train be y.

Length of Train Q = 150 m

Let the speed of the train be x.

For Statement I:

325 = (x + y) × 13

⇒ x + y = 25      ----(i)

Statement I alone is not sufficient to answer the question.

For statement II: 

325 = (x - y) × 65

⇒ x - y = 5      ----(ii)

Statement II alone is not sufficient to answer the question.

But if we combine both statements I and II then we can find the Speed.

For statement III:

x + y = 25      ----(iii)

Statement III alone is not sufficient to answer the question.

But if we combine statements II and III we can find the Speed.

∴ Either statement I and II together or Statement II and III together is sufficient to answer the question.

Ali = 3 + Bela

Bela = 5 + Chales

(Dyna + 2) : (Ena + 2) = 3 : 4

Dyna = (3 Ena – 2)/4

Dyna + Ena + Fany + Geet = 50

7 Ena + 4 Fany + 4 Geet = 202

Statement I:

Ali = 18

Dyna : Fany = 7 : 15

Dyna = 7Fany/15

Dyna = (3Ena – 2)/4

Fany = (45Ena – 30)/28

Statement II:

Ena + Fany = 25

Statement III :

Dyna + Ena = 17

Dyna = (3Ena – 2)/4 = 17 – Ena

Ena = 10 years

Dyna = 17 – 10 = years

Fany = 8 + Dyna = 8 + 7 = 15 years

7Ena + 4Fany + 4Geet = 202

7 × 10 + 4 × 15 + 4A = 202

Geet = 18 years

From statement I and II :

Fany = (45Ena – 30)/28

Ena + Fany = 25

(45Ena – 30)/28 = 25 – Ena

Ena = 10years

Fany = 25 – 10 = 15 years

7Ena + 4Fany + 4Geet = 202

7 × 10 + 4 × 15 + 4A = 202

Geet = 18 years

Hence, either Statement III is sufficient alone or statement I and II together are sufficient.

Calculation:

Statement I:

4xyz + 2y + 4 – 34z = 0, z = 1

⇒ 4xy + 2y + 4 – 34 = 0

⇒ 4xy + 2y – 30 = 0

Statement II:

y = \(\sqrt {428 - 419} \)

⇒ y = 3

Statement II:

xyz – 3z + 8y – 9 = 0, z = -1.

⇒ -xy + 3 + 8y – 9 = 0

⇒ 8y – xy – 6 = 0

We will receive the value of x with the help of any two statements.

Let investment of Khushi = p

Investment of priya = 3000 – p

Time = v/10 years

Tare = v%

For priya:

CI = (3000 – p) × ((1 + (v/100))^(v/10) – 1)

For khushi :

CI = (p/2) × ((1 + (v/100))^(v/10) – 1)

SI = (p/2) × v × (v/10)/100 = v²p/2000

statement I:

3v² – 55v – 100 = 0

3v² – 60v + 5v – 100 = 0

V = 20, -1.67

For Khushi :

CI = (p/2) × ((1 + (v/100))^(v/10) – 1)

CI = (p/2) × ((1 + (20/100))^(20/10) – 1) = 11p/50

SI = v²p/2000 = 20 × 20 × p/2000 = p/5

statement II :

3000 -p = p - 1000

p = 2000

Statement III:

4280 = (3000 – p) × ((1 + (v/100))^(v/10) – 1) +

(p/2) × ((1 + (v/100))^(v/10) – 1) + v²p/2000

From statement I and II :

P = 2000

SI = p/5 = 2000/5 = Rs 400

CI = 11p/50 = 11 × 2000/50 = Rs 440

Total amount received by Khushi after (v/10)

Years = 2000 + 400 + 440 = Rs 2840

Statement II and III:

p = 2000

4280 = (3000 – 2000) × ((1 + (v/100))^(v/10) – 1) + (2000/2) × ((1 + (v/100))^(v/10) – 1) + v² × 2000/2000

4280 = 2000 × ((1 + (v/100))^(v/10) – 1) + v²

Value of ‘v’ cannot be determined.

Hence, statement II and III together are not sufficient.

From I and III:

v = 20

For Priya :

CI = (3000 – p) × ((1 + (20/100))^(20/10) – 1) = (3000 – p) × 11/25

For Khushi :

CI = 11p/50

SI = p/5

4280 - 3000 = (3000 – p) × (11/25) + (11p/50) + (p/5)

P = Rs 2000

For Khushi :

SI = p/5 = 2000/5 = Rs. 400

Total amount received by Khushi after (v/10) Years = 2000 + 400 + 440 = 2840

Hence, either statement II or III and statement I together are sufficient.

The correct answer is ​Norway.

• Cold-water corals inhabit the deep cold water within the range of 39-55 degrees F.
• According to the United Nations Environment Programme reports that there are more cold-water coral reefs worldwide than tropical reefs.
• The largest coldwater coral reef is the Rost Reef off Norway.

• Cold-water coral reefs. Coral reefs can not only be found in the warm, sun-drenched waters of tropical regions, they also grow in cold, dark waters within a huge geographical range between 55°S to 70°N.
• Off the coast of Britain, cold-water coral reefs form mainly off the west of Scotland and Ireland.

When Hanif was eight years old, he lost his father. He had to take the responsibility to look after his three younger brothers. His mother Hema aziz had a touring job and was out very often. They had to do their work for themselves. So it was not a smooth sail.

In ancient times, there was a poor area in Tibet was Wangjia’s village. The people who lived in that area suffered from hunger and cold. There was no river or water source, trees, green grass or any types of crops. No fruits, flowers or vegetables.The land was also not good. The people did not know what happiness could be. In spite of that they believed that happiness must exist somewhere in the world.

One day he saw a rare bird that was flying here and there. It had long tail and black crest. It had restless energy and to flight at any moment. He was attracted by the bird and sketched the bird from his memory. He liked his sketch, and kept beside his bed on the pile of books. He had discovered his past time by filling the pages with pictures and patterns of his thinking. Like this the bird in the garden changed his life.

• Carnatic vocalist and playback singer K J Yesudas is the brand ambassador of the project ‘Haritha Keralam’ (Green Kerala) project.
• It was announced by State Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan via his official Facebook page.
• It is a massive initiative envisaged for a garbage-free and clean state. 
• Ponds and streamlets will be cleaned in the first phase, while rivers, lakes and other water bodies in the second phase.

The correct answer is Satara.

• Pratapgad is located in the Satara district in the Western Indian state of Maharashtra.
• Pratapgad literally 'Valour Fort' is a large mountain fort.
• The fort's historical significance is due to the Battle of Pratapgad in 1659.
• The fort is now a popular tourist destination.
• The Maratha ruler Shivaji commissioned Moropant Trimbak Pingle, his prime minister, to undertake the construction of this fort in order to defend the banks of the Nira and the Koyna rivers and to defend the Par pass.
• The Battle of Pratapgad between Shivaji and Afzal Khan was fought below the ramparts of this fort on 10 November 1659.

• Satara city gets its name from the seven forts (Sat-Tara) which are around the city.
• The city is known as a Soldier's city as well as Pensioner's city.
• Satara was the first Princely state that came under East India Company under Doctrine of Lapse in 1848.
• The doctrine of Lapse was introduced by Dalhousie.

The correct answer is Solapur.

• Solapur is one of the important districts in the Maharashtra State of India.
• Solapur developed as a commercial center for cotton and other agricultural produce.
• Solapur bed-sheets have earned fame and reputation for their novel designs and durability.
• Solapur leads Maharashtra in the production of beedi.
• Solapuri Chadars and towels are famous not only in India but also at a global level.
• "Solapuri chadars" are the famous and first product in Maharashtra to get a Geographical Indication tag.

Some useful information about Maharashtra:

• Chief Minister - Uddav Thackeray 
• Governor - Bhagat Singh Koshyari
• Formed on - 1 May 1960
• Districts - 36
• National Parks of Maharashtra -Sanjay Gandhi (Borivilli) National Park, Chandoli National Park, Gugamal National Park.
• Folk Dance of Maharashtra - Koli Dance, Lavani Dance, Povadas Dance, Tamasha, etc.
• The highest point of Maharashtra - Kalsubai

a. Baleshwar is the speaker.

b. The speaker Baleshwar came to Mumbai to hunt (seek) the job.

c. The people were afraid because if they are getting trapped in the courts or with Police.

The poet’s mother asserts her right to reside in a tree because she loves to stay in a tree. She is fond of climbing trees even at her old age. When Grandma recover from her fall and after she became stronger she said her son that she could not lie oil the bed any longer and without hasitating she ordered that she wanted a house on the tree top to reside in that house peacefully. So her obedient son fulfilled her ambition and right.

The correct answer is Pravaranagar.

• In 1945 Late Padmashree Vithalrao Vikhe Patil pioneered the first successful Co-operative Sugar Factory in the country at Pravaranagar in Ahmednagar District of Maharashtra which was commissioned in 1951.
• The Indian National Congress in its Nagpur Session held in 1953 resolved to have the future growth of the sugar industry mainly in Co-operative Sector. 
• Up to 1945, there were about 145 Joint Stock Sugar Factories in the country inclusive of some 12 factories in Maharashtra. 

Some useful information about Maharashtra:

• Formed on - 1 May 1960
• Districts - 36
• National Parks of Maharashtra -Sanjay Gandhi (Borivilli) National Park, Chandoli National Park, Gugamal National Park.
• Folk Dance of Maharashtra - Koli Dance, Lavani Dance, Povadas Dance, Tamasha, etc.
• The highest point of Maharashtra - Kalsubai

a. Swami can sleep alone in his father’s office room on that night was the frightful proposition, Swami thought.

b. Swami’s father made it.

c. He had always slept beside his granny and any change in this arrangement kept him trembling and awake all the night. So he regarded it as a frightful proposition.

a) Franco Prussian war (1870-71) 

The correct answer is R.K.Laxman.

• R.K.Laxman is best known for his creation of a common man.

• Rasipuram Krishnaswami Iyer Laxman was a cartoonist famous for the creation of the cartoon strip of 'The Common Man'.
• He created it for the newspaper Times of India.
• The Times of India was started in 1951.

• Shekhar Gurera is an editorial cartoonist.
• Sudhir Tailang was a cartoonist in Navbharat Times.
• Puthukkody Kottuthody Sankaran Kutty Nair famously known as Kutty was a political cartoonist.