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Given:

The ratio of numbers = 3 ∶ 5

Sum of their squares = 2176

Calculation:

Let the numbers be 3x and 5x.

The squares of the numbers are 9x² and 25x² respectively.

Sum of squares = 9x2 + 25x2 = 2176

34x² = 2176 Or, x² = 64

Then, x = 8 

Sum of the numbers = 3x + 5x = 8x = 64

∴ The sum of the numbers is 64.

Given:

The profit amount = Rs. 20,000

The Profit ratio of Raju, Ravi, and Rohan = 8 ∶ 14 ∶ 3

Calculations:

Profit gets by Ravi = (20,000/25) × 14 = Rs. 11,200

∴ The profit gets by Ravi is Rs. 11,200 

Given:

Three containers contain 420, 520 and 720 liters of liquid respectively.

Calculation:

We need to calculate the HCF of liquid present in containers.

∴ Highest common factor of 420, 520 and 720 = 20

Given:

Ratio of numbers = 5 ∶ 8

Their difference = 48

Concept used:

Using the concept of ratio

Calculation:

Let the numbers are 5x and 8x.

According to the question,

8x - 5x = 48

⇒ 3x = 48

⇒ x = 16

Smaller number = 5x

⇒ Smaller number = 80

∴ The smaller number is 80.

Given:

Total sum = Rs. 4360

Ratio of A, B, C and D =  3 ∶ 4 ∶ 5 ∶ 8

By mistake taken ratio of A, B, C and D = (1/3) ∶ (1/4) ∶ (1/5) ∶ (1/8)

Concept Used:

Ratio method used here.

Calculation:

Let amount divided among A, B, C and D be 3x, 4x, 5x and 8x.

According to the question,

3x + 4x + 5x + 8x = 4360

⇒ 20x = 4360

⇒ x = 218

Amount A got = 3x = 3 × 218 = 654

Amount B got = 4x = 4 × 218 = 872

Amount C got = 5x = 5 × 218 = 1090

Amount D got = 8x = 8 × 218 = 1744

In the given question ratio taken wrong 

So, new ratio = (1/3) ∶ (1/4) ∶ (1/5) ∶ (1/8)

To change fraction ratio into simple ratio by taking LCM of denominator

LCM of 3, 4, 5 and 8 is is 120.

New ratio = [(1/3) × 120] ∶ [(1/4) × 120] ∶ [(1/5) × 120] ∶ [(1/8) × 120]

⇒ Required ratio = 40 ∶ 30 ∶ 24 ∶ 15

Let the mistake ratio be 40y, 30y, 24y and 15y.

40y + 30y + 24y + 15y = 4360

⇒ 109y = 4360

⇒ y = 40

New amount A received = 40y = 40 × 40 = 1600

New amount B received = 30y = 30 × 40 = 1200

New amount C received = 24y = 24 × 40 = 960

New amount D received = 15y = 15 × 40 = 600

So, C got = 1090 – 960 = 130

∴ Option D is right C has 130 less.

Let the age of Bali five years ago be 3x years, and

Let the age of Geeta five years ago be 4x years,

So, their present ages are (3x + 5) and (4x + 5), respectively.

Also, there ages 10 years hence will be (3x + 15) and (4x + 15), respectively.

According to the question, we have:

(3x + 15)/(4x + 15) = 6/7

On solving for x, we get:

x = 5 years

So, the required difference = 4x + 5 – (3x + 5) = 5

∴ The difference between their present ages is 5 years.

The correct answer is Sisupalgarh.

• Sisupalgarh-
  • Sisupalgarh or Sisupalagada is situated in Khurda District in Odisha, India and houses ruined fortifications.
  • It used to be the capital of ancient Kalinga.
  • It is one of the largest and best-preserved early historic fortifications in India, with the earliest occupation both inside and outside the later site´s northern rampart around the 7th to 6th centuries BCE.
  • In Orissa, we will find the cave architecture of the pre-historic times in Sisupalgarh.

• Important Rock Cut Caves-
  • Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves, Odisha:
    • They were made under the Kalinga King Kharavela in 1st-2nd century BC near modern-day Bhubaneswar.
    • The cave complex has both man-made and natural caves possibly carved out for the residence of Jain monks.
    • There are 18 caves in Udayagiri and 15 in Khandagiri.
    • Udayagiri caves are famous for the Hathigumpha inscription which is carved out in Brahmi script.
  • Sittanavasal Caves (Arivar Koil):
    • Located 16 km northwest of Pudukkottai town in Tamil Nadu, these famous rock-cut caves are known for the paintings in the Jain temples.
  • Jogimara Cave:
    • It is an artificially carved out cave located in the Surguja district of Chhattisgarh.
    • It is dated back around 1000-300 BC and has a few paintings and inscriptions of a love story in Brahmi script.
    • The cave is said to be an attachment to an amphitheatre and paintings were made to decorate the room.
  • Nasik Caves:
    • It is a group of 24 Buddhist caves (Hinayana Period), also known as “Pandav Leni”, developed during the 1st century A.D.
    • These caves belong to the Hinayana period. However, later, the influence of the Mahayana period can also be found in these caves.
    • The idols of Buddha were also carved inside these caves representing the influence of Mahayana Buddhism.

It varies the Repo rate.

The correct answer is Alberuni.

• The book about Indian Sciences Kitab-fi-Tahqiq was written by Alberuni.

• Abu Rayhan al-Biruni was a scholar from Iran.
• He was a polymath well versed in physics, mathematics, astronomy, and natural sciences, and also distinguished himself as a historian, chronologist, and linguist. 
• Al-Beruni came to India during the period of Sultan Muhammad of Ghazni.
• In 1017 he traveled to the Indian subcontinent and authored a study of Indian culture Tārīkh al-Hind (History of India) after exploring the Hindu faith practiced in India.

• The Labour party government seat a cabinet committee to India for disscustion on giving self – rule rights with INC and Muslim League. 
• It recommeded for a federal form of government.
• It suggested them to form an interim government. 
• It suggested to form a consituent assembley to formulate constitution

• Comparison of economic development between countries with different levels of population is incorrect. 
• Higher the population, slower the increase in national Income.

The correct answer is Kiran Desai.

• The Inheritance of Loss is the second novel by Indian author Kiran Desai.
  • It was first published in 2006.
  • It won a number of awards, including the Man Booker Prize for that year, the National Book Critics Circle Fiction Award in 2007, and the 2006 Vodafone Crossword Book Award.
  • It was written over a period of seven years after her first book, the critically acclaimed Hullabaloo in the Guava Orchard.
  • Among its main themes are migration, living between two worlds, and between past and present.

• Nayantara Sahgal-
  • Nayantara Sahgal is an Indian writer who writes in English.
  • She is a member of the Nehru–Gandhi family, the second of the three daughters born to Jawaharlal Nehru's sister, Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit.
  • She was awarded the 1986 Sahitya Akademi Award for her English novel Rich Like Us.
• Jhumpa Lahiri-
  • Nilanjana Sudeshna "Jhumpa" Lahiri is an American author known for her short stories, novels, and essays in English, and, more recently, in Italian.
• Anita Nair-
  • She has written other books such as Mistress (2003), Adventures of Nonu, the Skating Squirrel (2006), Living Next Door to Alise (2007), Magical Indian Myths (2008), and the play Nine Faces of Being adapted from her book Mistress.

• The agreements entered by the company with the local Kings were accepted. 
• Non – pursuance of regional expansion. 
• Providing a stable government for Indians 
• Equality before the law 
• Non-interference of the government in religious issues of Indians and practicing religious tolerance.

The correct answer is Mahanadi.

• The President of India gave his consent to the Madhya Pradesh Reorganisation Act 2000 on 25 August 2000.
•  Madhya Pradesh was divided into Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh on 1 November 2000.
• Chhattisgarh separated taking 16 districts of Madhya Pradesh, which were organised into 27 districts at present.  

Importance Of Hard Work

Dear friends: Today I am going to say something on the topic ‘Importance of Hard Work’. We have scaled height of mountains, we have reached the moon, we have controlled water of rivers, we have made impossible things possible, how? Of course, it is only and only our hard work. If we are ready to do hard work, nothing is impossible. Friends, as we all know hard work can bring wonders. Only hard work can lead us to success.
It gives us mental satisfaction. We could have made such tremendous progress in the field of science and technology, in the field of education, agriculture and so on, it is all due to our hard work. We are the future of our nation. We have to move our nation ahead. So, we should work hard to be the good citizens of tomorrow.

प्रिय मित्रो: आज मैं कठिन परिश्रम का महत्व’ विषय पर कुछ बोलने जा रहा हूँ। हमने पर्वतों की ऊँचाई पर विजय प्राप्त कर ली, हम चन्द्रमा पर पहुँच चुके हैं, हमने नदियों के पानी पर नियंत्रण कर लिया, हमने असंभव चीजों को संभव कर दिखाया, कैसे? वास्तव में यह हमारा सिर्फ और सिर्फ कठिन परिश्रम ही है। यदि हम कठिन परिश्रम करने के लिये तैयार हैं तो कुछ भी असंभव नहीं है।
मित्रो, जैसा कि हम सभी जानते हैं कठिन परिश्रम चमत्कार कर सकता है। सिर्फ कठिन परिश्रम ही हमें सफलता दिला सकता है। यह हमें मानसिक शान्ति देता है। हम सिर्फ अपने कठिन परिश्रम के ही कारण विज्ञान व तकनीक के क्षेत्र में, शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में, कृषि के व अन्य क्षेत्रों में इतनी प्रगति कर सके हैं। हम अपने राष्ट्र का भविष्य हैं। हमें अपने राष्ट्र को आगे ले जाना है। इसलिए कल (भविष्य) के अच्छे नागरिक बनने के लिए हमें कठिन परिश्रम करना चाहिये।

The Republic Day

Respected Principal sir, all the teachers, and my dear friends, today we have gathered here to celebrate the Republic Day of India. Today is a red letter day. Our country became free on 15th August 1947, and our nation became Republic on 26 Jan 1950. On this day, our Indian Constitution came into existence. Our constitution is the largest written constitution of the world. Its great feature is that it is both flexible and rigid.
It contains the duties and fundamental rights of Indian citizens, directive principles of the state policies, responsibilities of states and the centre, languages of India, etc. To see this day, lakhs of people sacrificed their lives. Now it is our responsibility to maintain the unity, integrity and sovereignty of our nation.

आदरणीय प्रधानाचार्य जी, सभी अध्यापकगण, व मेरे गि साथियो, आज हम सभी यहाँ गणतंत्र दिवस मनाने हेतु एकत्रित हुए हैं। आज का दिन हमारे लिये खुशी का दिन है। हमारा देश 15 अगस्त सन् 1947 को आजाद हुआ और हमारा राष्ट्र 26 जनवरी 1950 को गणतंत्र बना। आज ही के दिन हमारा भारतीय संविधान अस्तित्व में आया। हमारा संविधान दुनिया का सबसे बड़ा लिखित संविधान है।
इसकी सबसे बड़ी विशेषता यह है कि यह लचीला व कठोर दोनों ही स्वरूप वाला है। इसमें भारतीय नागरिकों के कर्तव्य, मूल अधिकार, राज्य के नीति निर्देशक तत्व, केन्द्र व राज्यों के उत्तरदायित्व, भारतीय भाषाएँ आदि सभी कुछ इसमें वर्णित हैं। इस दिन को देखने के लिये लाखों लोगों ने अपने प्राणों का बलिदान दिया। अब यह हमारा उत्तरदायित्व बनता है कि हम इस एकता, अखण्डता व सम्प्रभुता को बनाए रखें।

Troubles Of Traffic Jams

Honourable Principal, respected teachers and my dear friends! I am Shruti, a student of class XII. Today, I want to throw light upon the havoc created by a traffic jam for all. Jam is caused when vehicles are driven randomly. Many times people drive on the wrong side to save a little time. Parking facility is also not available at shops, so in those cases, the vehicles are parked on roads and further complicate the web.
Public must drive and follow the line in traffic jam and never create panic by taking zig-zag ways. They should understand that their two minutes’ delay will save an hour later. The concerned authorities must also keep a strict attitude towards those who do not follow the rules.

आदरणीय प्रधानाचार्य महोदय, सम्माननीय अध्यापकगण और मेरे प्यारे साथियो! मैं कक्षा XII की विद्यार्थी श्रुति हूँ। आज मैं यह बताना चाहती हैं कि ट्रैफिक जाम ने सभी के लिए परेशानी पैदा कर रखी है। जाम इसलिए लगते हैं क्योंकि वाहन बेतरतीब चलाये जाते हैं। कई बार लोग थोड़ा समय बचाने के लिए गलत दिशा में चलते हैं। दुकानों पर वाहनों को खड़ा करने की सुविधा भी नहीं होती इसलिये ऐसी स्थिति में वाहन सड़कों पर ही खड़े कर दिये जाते हैं जिससे हालात और भी खराब हो जाते हैं।
लोगों को जाम के दौरान पंक्ति में चलना चाहिए और टेढ़ा-मेढ़ा रास्ता लेते हुए भगदड़ नहीं मचानी चाहिए। उन्हें समझना चाहिए कि उनकी दो मिनट की देरी आगे एक घण्टा बचा सकती है। सम्बन्धित अधिकारियों को भी यातायात में परेशानी पैदा करने वाले या नियम न मानने वाले तत्वों की तरफ कड़ा रुख रखना होगा।

The correct answer is Madan Mohan Malviya.

• Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya was the editor of Uttar Pradesh daily newspaper "Hindustan" 1887.

• Hindustan Dainik or ''Hindustan'' which is published by Hindustan Media Ventures Limited is an Indian Hindi-language daily newspaper.
• Hindustan has 21 editions and it also ranks as second largest-read daily across the Hindi belt in the country.
• Madan Mohan Malviya was also the founder of the newspaper "The Leader " which a highly influential, English-newspaper published from Prayagarj.
• Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya was born on 25 December 1861 in Allahabad, North-West Provinces, British India (present-day Prayagraj in Uttar Pradesh, India).
• He died on 12 November 1946 (aged 84) and was posthumously conferred with Bharat Ratna on 24 December 2014, a day before his 153rd Birth Anniversary.

Jawahar Sr. Sec. School
Chaura Rasta
Jaipur
02 February 2020
The Manager
Ashoka Hotel
Sindhi Camp
Jaipur

Subject: Enquiry about charges of the hall for conducting a farewell party

Sir,

Our school wishes to organize a farewell party in your hall (party). There are 156 students altogether for this purpose. We will have the party on 11 February 20– from 4 p.m. to 7 p.m. I would like to request you to send me the necessary details like – charges, advance required and confirmation regarding booking.

Thanking you
Yours faithfully
Mohan / Mohini

Importance Of Good Manners

Dear friends: Good manners and discipline are as important for us as food for our survival. A person is recognized for his/her good qualities. We must have good manners, and we should have proper discipline. All these things make our lives systematic and easy. We can very easily win the heart of even enemies if we are polite.
The achievements, with the help of force and strength, are short-lived. By renouncing war, Ashoka, the great, succeeded in winning over the hearts of people.
Good manners and discipline are required everywhere-at home, in schools/colleges, and at workplaces. If we want to make our identity and leave a good impression on others, we should have good manners.

प्रिय मित्रो: अच्छा शिष्टाचार और अनुशासन हमारे लिये उतना ही महत्वपूर्ण है जितना कि जीवन के लिए भोजन। एक व्यक्ति अपनी अच्छाइयों के कारण पहचाना जाता है। हम सभी में अच्छा शिष्टाचार होना चाहिये तथा हमें उचित रूप से अनुशासित रहना चाहिये। ये सभी बातें हमारे जीवन को व्यवस्थित व आसान बनाती हैं। यदि हम विनम्र हैं तो अपने दुश्मन को भी दिल जीत सकते हैं। जबरन या शक्ति से प्राप्त चीजें लघुकालीन होती हैं। सम्राट अशोक युद्ध का त्याग करके लोगों के हृदय जीतने में कामयाब हो गया।
अच्छे शिष्टाचार के अनुशासन की जरूरत प्रत्येक स्थान पर होती है-घर में, स्कूल/कालेज में, दफ्तर में यदि हम अपनी पहचान बनाना चाहते हैं और दूसरों पर अच्छा प्रभाव डालना चाहते हैं तो हमें अच्छी आदतें सीखनी चाहिये।

50-Vasant Vihar
Bikaner
15 November 2020
The Editor
The Hindustan Times
New Delhi

Subject: The Influence of TV and Internet on Students

Dear Sir,

Through the column of your esteemed newspaper, I want to draw the attention of parents as well as authorities governing TV and internet services that some channels and websites are providing unwanted material which is polluting young generation. Playstations and vulgar videos on the internet are ruining their life. 3-G and 4-G smartphones have become a status symbol among the students. Students have left their playground and remain busy with the internet. It is the time to think over the matter seriously.

Yours faithfully
Satyam

2-A-9 Housing Board Colony
Jhalawar
19 March 2020
The Editor
Hindustan Times
Jhalawar

Subject: Atrocities committed against women

Dear Sir,

We all are pained to read news about atrocities committed against women. Have we lost our respect for womenfolk? It is all the more distressful to see these events occurring everywhere. Is this an indication of no freedom or independence for women as is available for others? Equality in terms of gender is provided by the Indian Constitution. These events could harm the development of Indian society. The law keepers need to be more sensitive about their social responsibilities. The doors of such wicked actions must be punished severely. Let us work towards a peaceful and progressive society, so that, men and women can live in equality.

Thanking you

Yours faithfully
Sharad Chand

B.R. Road
Suratgarh
13 October 2020
The Principal
Govt Senior Secondary School
Suratgarh

Subject: Unhygienic and unsanitary condition of the toilets

Sir,

I wish to bring your kind attention to the unhygienic and unsanitary condition of the toilets of our school. They are dirty and stinking. It looks as if they have not been cleaned for many days. Due to foul smell, many boys pee in the open which is a shame. But the girls have to use these stinking toilets. The bad smell can be felt in the whole campus of the school. The worst sufferers are the classes that sit next to the toilets. It is requested that you look into the matter personally and do the needful immediately.

Thanking you

Yours obediently
Anmol Porwal
(Class XII D)

Respected Principal, my colleagues and invited guardians, today we can see a mobile in the hands of every student.

We know that mobile phone is a miracle in the field of communication. A small box can store so much information. It is of great use for businessmen and professionals. They can remain informed everywhere, every time. But for students, it is just a stupid toy which they often misuse to such an extent that they are spoiling their careers and their lives.

It is a great hindrance to their concentration in their studies. Now we can use the internet on it and through 3G connection, we can enjoy video calling also. All these things are diverting their attention from the study which is against their main aim. M.M.S. scandals at schools and colleges have become common nowadays. Many students have spoilt their lives with this toy. There are so many mobile operators that offer special tariff plan for the students.

Many times, they can talk unlimited from 11.00 p.m. to 8.00 a.m. Such kind of offers are against the students’ interests. They waste their valuable time in chatting with their friends. In my opinion, child crime is on the rise, so you should not give mobiles to your school and college going children. For the benefit of their future, the school has decided to ban the use of mobiles in our campus. I thank you all for your co-operation.

35 Bansal Apartments
New Friends’ Colony
Jodhpur
16 August 2020
The Editor
The Hindustan Times
New Delhi

Subject: Preservation of Wild Life

Sir,

Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper, I want to highlight the disappearance of wild animals and the need for their preservation. Nowadays, we see the disappearance of wild animals due to deforestation, greed for adventure, money, etc. Many species of wild animals are almost extinct due to man’s greed. Though the government has initiated many programmes for preserving the wild animals yet no fruitful result has been acquired. Wildlife Week is celebrated every year in the first week of October. I wish that now on wards not a single wild animal should be killed for the sake of fulfilling man’s greed.

Thanking you

Yours faithfully
Sumit / Sunita

The correct answer is c 

\(_8O^{16} +_0n^1\rightarrow _7N^{14}+3_1H^1+2_{-1}\beta^0\)

By the law of lepton numbers, mass number and atomic number is to be conserved on both sides

B. the charge is negative and slowing down

A. be unaffected by the field

A. the electron travels clockwise around the smaller circle and the proton travels counterclockwise around the larger circle

A. moves toward you

(i) Sexual reproduction gives rise to more viable variation then asexual reproduction. Because in sexual reproduction, genetic material from both the patents mixed (recombination of parent chromosomes) by fertilization. Hence, off-springs get both the information and produce mixed characters which are not exactly the same as that of parents. While in asexual reproduction, the single parent is involved and thus there is no recombination of chromosomes. Hence, off-springs that produced are the exact copy of their parent. 

(ii) If a disease were to hit the population, then perhaps not all the members of the population would be affected because of the variation in the population in sexual reproduction mode. This means that some individuals would survive to be able to reproduce and generate more offspring, and direct evolution of new species. Crossing over is the fundamental cause of origin of variations in sexually reproducing organisms. Asexual reproduction does not involve meiosis and crossing over, hence only minute variations may occur due to mutation. The variations caused in sexually reproducing organisms are subjected to the selection process. Natural selection selects those variations which have more adaptive value. 

(iii) No, we cannot say that there is a better body design as these organisms evolved according to their needs to survive in the environment. If chimpanzee has strong limbs capable of multiple actions, the bacteria can survive in extreme conditions where other organisms cannot. Hence, there is no better body design.

Correct answer is b) 5*5m 

Cancer  is called oncology.

To maintain the temperature of testes below than body temperature  is role of Scrotum.

Full form of AIDS Acquired intigrated deficiency syndrome

Correct option is C) Can 

i. - d) 

ii - a) 

iii - b) 

iv - c) 

v - d)