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Correct option: (c) 12

Explanation: 

Meq. of HCl = 40 x 0.1 = 4

Meq. of NaOH = 10 x 0.45 = 4.5

∴ Meq. of NaOH left = 0.5

Now, [OH⁺] = 0.5/50 = 10^-2

∴ pOH = 2 and pH = 12

Correct option: (c) 7

Explanation: 

Meq. Of HCl = 10 x 10^–1 = 1

Meq. Of NaOH = 10 x 10^–1 = 1

Thus, both are neutralized and 1 Meq. Of NaCl (a salt of strong acid and strong base)

which does not hydrolyse and thus, pH = 7.

Correct option: (a)

Explanation: 

CH₃—CH₃ is neutral or least acidic and thus, its conjugate base should be strongest.

The probability is 2/5.  

Dassault Aviation.

Correct option (1)  [Co(CN)₆]^3- , [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺ , [Co(NH₃)₅(H₂O)]³⁺ [Co(NH₃)₅Cl]⁺²

Explanation:

Strength of ligands attached with Co³⁺ ion is in the order of CN^-  > NH₃ > H₂O > Cl^-. So order of spliting (value of Δ₀ ) will be in the same order.

∴  Wave length absorbing light α1/Δ₀

The Correct option is (4)

(i) X (7) = 2,5 Group 15; Period 2

Y(8 ) = 2,6 Group 16; Period 2

Z(9) = 2,7 Group 17;Period?

(ii) X> Y>Z

(iii) XZ₃

The correct answer is tropical grassland.

• GRASSLANDS - 
  • Tropical grasslands: These occur on either side of the equator and extend to the tropics.
  • This vegetation grows in areas of moderate to low amount of rainfall.
  • The grass can grow very tall, about 3 to 4 meters in height. Savannah grasslands of Africa are of this type.
  • Elephants, zebras, giraffes, deer, leopards are common in tropical grasslands.
  • Grasslands are known by different names in different regions.
• Tropical Grasslands
  • East Africa- Savanna
  • Brazil- Campos
  • Venezuela- Llanos
• Temperate Grasslands
  • Argentina- Pampas
  • N. America- Prairie
  • S. Africa- Veld
  • C. Asia- Steppe
  • Australia- Down

The correct answer is Gwalior.

• Fort of Gwalior was known as Gibraltar of India.

• It was given the name ”The Perl in the necklace of the forts of Hind” by Mughal Emperor Babur.
• It was built in 525 AD century and it is one of the biggest forts in India.
• It was built by Suraj Sen.
• Temple Teli-ka-mandir is the most famous temple constructed in the Dravidian style of temple architecture.

• Mandu is located in the Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh.
  • It is famous for Rani Roopmati Mahal, Jahaj Mahal, Baz Bahadur’s Palace, Rewa Kund, Hindola Mahal, and Jani Masjid.
• Orchha was founded in the 16th century by Bundela Rajput Chief Rudra Pratap Singh.
  • Orchha is famous for Shri Ram Raja Temple, Chaturbhuji Temple, Orchha Fort, Jahangir Mahal, and Laxmi Temple. 
• Panna is famous for its diamond mines.
  • It is known as the diamond city of India.
  • Panna was the capital of Bundela Rajput King Chhatrasal.
  • It is also famous for its stylish and huge Temples, spectacular seasonal waterfalls, National Park-Tiger Reserve, Paramdham for the Pranamies, Archaeological Museum, Fort, Palaces, Jagannath Rath Yatra, picturesque View points, etc.

Explanation:

The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972:

• The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 was enacted in order to protect and conserve wildlife in India. 
• It contains provisions to counter illegal poaching, hunting and killing of wild animals and includes schedules detailing endangered or otherwise protected species such as Elephants, Bengal Tigers, Lions and other wild animals that are threatened due to poaching and hunting. 
• The Act specifies the setting up of sanctuaries and natural parks etc. to aid the conservation effort and calls for the appointment and creation of a Chief Wildlife Warden and Wildlife Advisory Board for the purpose.

 Other important Environment and biodiversity act Passed by the Indian government:

1. Biological diversity act 2002
2. Environment protection act 1986
3. Air(prevention and control of pollution) Act 1981.
4. Forest conservation act 1980
5. Water prevention and control of pollution Act 1974.

World War I, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

India witnessed increased industrial production during the First World War due to the following reasons:

• British industries became busy producing and supplying war needs.
• The increased demands for a variety of products led to the setting up of new factories and old ones increased their production.
• British industries became busy producing and supplying war needs.
• Hence, they stopped exporting British goods or clothes for colonial markets, for instance in India.
• It was a good opportunity for Indian industries to fill in empty Indian markets with their products.
• Therefore, industrial production in India increased.
• Also, the British colonial government asked Indian factories to supply the war needs like - jute bags, cloth or army uniforms, tents and leather boots, horse and mule saddle, etc.
• The increased demands for a variety of products led to the setting up of new factories and old ones increased their production.
• Many new workers were employed and everyone was made to work longer hours.

Hence, the correct answer is Indian industries expanded as war created a demand for industrial goods.

The First World War created a different situation in India.

• It led to a huge increase in defense expenditure which was Financed by war loans and increasing taxes custom duties were raised and income tax was introduced. 
• Prices increased doubling between 1913-18. This hit the common people. 
• During 1918-19 crops failed in many parts of India which created a shortage of food. 
• After the First World War, the political parties became more active.
• The Indian National Congress associated with Gandhi, who remained its unofficial spiritual leader and icon. 

Prince Dara Shukoh was the son of Shah Jahan.

The correct answer is Sunga Dynasty.

• "Vidisha" was made its capital by Pushyamitra, the ruler of the Sunga dynasty.
• The Sunga dynasty was founded by Pushyamitra Sunga in 185 BC.
• The information about the Satavahana dynasty is found in the "Article of Sanchi".
• The Satavahana dynasty was founded by "Simuk" and coins of Gautamiputra Shatakarni are obtained from "Ujjain".
• Gautamiputra Shatkarni ruled from Malwa to Maheshwar after defeating Saka King 'Nahapan'.
• In the first-century BC 'Ujjain' was the major commercial center of North India.
• Kanishka was the greatest ruler of the Kushan dynasty.

(d) Nuruddin Muhammad Jahangir

The correct answer is Kathmandu.

• The Swayambhunath Stupa is located at Kathmandu.
• Other important stupas are:

(b) Nur Jahan

The correct answer is Rakhigarhi.

• The site of Rakhigarhi is one of the five known biggest townships of Harappan civilization on the Indian sub-continent.
• It is located in the Hisar district of Haryana state in India.
• The other four are
  • Harappa, Mohenjodaro, and Ganveriwala in Pakistan and Dholavira (Gujarat) in India.
• This site was excavated by Shri Amarendra Nath of the Archeological Survey of India.

• The archaeological excavations revealed a mature Harappan phase represented by a planned township having mud-brick as well as burnt-brick houses with a proper drainage system.
• Animal sacrificial pit lined with mud-brick and triangular and circular fire alters on the mud floor have also been excavated that signifies the ritual system of Harappans.
• Other antiquities included blades; terracotta and shell bangles; beads of semiprecious stones, terracotta, shell and copper objects; animal figurines, toy cart frame and wheel of terracotta; bone points; inscribed steatite seals and sealings.
• The excavations have yielded a few extended burials, which certainly belong to a very late stage, maybe the medieval times.

(C) Lingayats

Nayakas were military chiefs who usually controlled forts and had armed supporters. These chiefs often moved from one area to another. 

The amara-nayakas were military commanders who were given territories to govern by the raya

Our understanding of the Virashaiva tradition is derived from vachanas (literally, sayings) composed in Kannada by women and men who joined the movement.

The correct answer is Kirtan.

• Gadge Maharaj was born 23 February 1876.
  • He was also known as Sant Gadge Maharaj or Sant Gadge Baba.
  • He was a mendicant-saint and social reformer in Maharashtra state. 
  • By wondering in villages, he promoted social justice and initiated reforms.
  • He conducted his lectures in the form of "Kirtans" in which he emphasized over values like service to humanity and sympathy.
    • During his Kirtans, he educated the people against blind faiths and customs.
  • He would use Dohas by Saint Kabir in his speeches.

The correct answer is a, b, c and d.

• The first session that was held at Bombay presided by WC Bonnerjee, there were few important demands from Indians from Britishers that were presented before the British.
• In the first session demands of the leader were limited.
• In the early phase, they focused to create a strong mass base for the spread of nationalism.
  • They are as under: 
    • The creation of legislative councils for the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP), Sindh, and Awadh.
    • Appointment of a commission to enquire into the working of the Indian Administration.
    • India Council in London should be abolished.
    • Protest against the annexation of Upper Burma and the proposed incorporation of it with India. 
    • Civil services reforms.
    • Reduction in military expenditure.
    • Hence all options are correct.

The correct answer is Sir Sayyed.

• Sir Sayyed:
  • Sayyid advised the Muslims against joining active politics and to focus on education.
  • Later, when some Muslims joined the Indian National Congress, he opposes the organization and its objectives.

• Maulana Husain Ahmad:
  • He was an Indian Islamic scholar, serving as the 5th principal of Darul Uloom Deoband.
  • He was among the first recipients of the civilian honour of Padma Bhushan in 1954.
  • His work Qaumiyat Aur Islam was published in 1938 and advertised for a united country, in opposition to the partition of India.
• Zafar Ali Khan:
  • Maulana Zafar Ali Khan, was a Pakistani writer, poet, translator and a journalist, he was in association with Muslim league INC.
• Hakim Ajmal Khan:
  • Hakim Ajmal Khan was associated with the Indian National Congress, the Muslim League and the All India Khilafat Committee.
  • In December 1906, he participated at the Dhaka session founding of the All India Muslim League on 30 December 1906.
  • Khan approached Mahatma Gandhi for help in 1917 Khilafat movement.
  • He united many Muslim leaders such as Maulana Azad, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jouhar and Maulana Shaukat Ali in the well-known Khilafat movement.

Correct option is C) enjoyed

how many people had gatherd in the hockey stadium

In the speech 'Once upon a time' bird and woman are used as symbols by the speaker, Toni Morrison. The bird in the hand of one of the young visitors signifies language. The woman who is famous for her wisdom, signifies a practised writer.

(i) All living organisms depend on their immediate surroundings or environment. Human beings interact with their environment and modify it according to their needs. The primitive humans lived a simple life, and fulfilled their needs from the nature around them (by hunting, eating fruits, living on trees and in caves, etc.). With the progress of time, as life grew more and more complex, humans learnt newer ways to use their surroundings (growing crops, raising animals, setting up permanent settlements, etc.), for satisfying their growing needs. The discovery of fire, the invention of the wheel, the emergence of the barter system, the development of trade and commerce, the invention of the engine, the industrial revolution and the advancements in transportation and communication are some of the milestones on the road of human growth. While travelling on this road to development, humans have constantly modified all the three components of environment—natural (polluting the air by burning fuels), human (forming political and religious units) and human-made (using telephones lines for internet connectivity).

(ii) Not only are all plants, animals and human beings dependent on their environment, but they are also interdependent upon each other in several ways. For example, plants are eaten by animals as food. Through photosynthesis, plants produce oxygen, which is necessary for the survival of all living organisms. Forests are the natural habitats of wild animals, while the woods of trees are used by humans for various purposes like building houses, boats, furniture, etc.

On the other hand, animals help plants reproduce by helping in the pollination of seeds. Nitrogen is essential for the survival of plants, and they are provided with this nitrogen by the bacteria that live in the soil and in the roots of some plants. Photosynthesis, which is the way by which plants make their food, depends upon factors like sunlight, water and carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide is provided by humans and animals through respiration.