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Transformer—It is a device which is used to convert law alternating voltage at higher current into high alternating voltage at lower current and vice-versa.

It works on the principle of mutual induction.

Transformation ratio—It is ratio of number of turns in secondary coil (N_S ) and number of turns in primary coil (N_P).

K = N_s/N_p  where, k is transformation ratio.

Think of a situation where receptors do not work properly what problems are likely to arise.

Function of receptors:

(i) They sense the external stimuli such as heat or pain

(ii) They also trigger an impulse in the sensory neuron which sends message to the spinal cord.

When the receptors are damaged the external stimuli transferring signal to the brain are not felt. For example in the case of damaged receptors if we accidentally touch any hot objects we cannot feel the pain or heat. Receptors cannot receive the external stimuli of heat and pain.

Fossil fuel are energy sources such as coal and petroleum obtained from underneath of earth’s crust they are directly available to human being for use hence fossil fuels are the direct source of energy these are limited in amount these are non renewable sources of energy because three cannot be replenished in nature fossil fuel-take million of years for their formation.

If the present fossil fuel of the earth gets exhausted its formations will take several years, fossil fulls are also very costly. On the other hand solar energy is a renewable and direct source of energy and will do so for the next five billion years, solar energy is available free of cost to all in unlimited amount replenishes in the sun itself.

(i) It is not possible to make use of solar cells to melt all our energy needs because.

(ii) Limited availability of special grade semi conducting materials such as silicon and germanium.

(iii) Solar cell have lower efficiency as they depend entirely on intensity of solar radiation.

(iv) The process of manufacturing of solar cells is very expensive silver used for inter connection of cell in the panel further add to the cost.

Uses of solar cell:

(i) They provide electric power to satellites and space probes.

(ii) They provide electric power to offshore drilling plants from light houses.

(iii) The T.V relay stations located in remate area use solar panels to get electric power for wireless transmission.

A. The magnitude of the frictional force is 4.9 N

C. The acceleration of the feather remains constant during the fall 

E. displacement

D. the area under a velocity-time graph

A. the short side is smoother

A. upward and greater than g

A. downward during both ascent and descent

B. Air resistance just balances the force of gravity 

 The inventor of Micro scope is Antony von.

Correct option is C) the best

Given vector = \(-\hat i + \hat j\)

Magnitude will be = \(\sqrt{1 + 1}\) = \(\sqrt 2\)

Angle 

\(cos \theta = \frac {i.(-\hat i + \hat j)}{|i||-i + j|}\)

\(= \frac{-1}{1 \times \sqrt 2}\)

\(cos \theta = \frac {-1}{\sqrt 2}\)

\(cos \theta = cos 135° \)

\(\theta = 135° \)

\(v = \alpha t + \beta t ^2\)

\(\because v= \frac{dx}{dt}\)

\(\frac{dx}{dt}= \alpha t + \beta t ^2\)

\(\int dx = \int\limits_1^2 (\alpha t + \beta t^2)dt\)

\(= \left[\frac{\alpha t^2}2+\frac{\beta^3}3\right]_1^2\)

\(= \left[2\alpha + \frac {8\beta}3 - \frac \alpha 2 - \frac\beta 3\right]\)

\(x = \left[ \frac{3\alpha}2 + \frac{7\beta}3\right]\)

The Maharaja of Pratibandapuram was a brave, resolute, determined, courageous and a firm ruler of his state. When he was born, the astrologers had predicted his death with a tiger. But the baby had something miraculous quality in him. He was only of ten days, he challenged the prediction of the astrologers and asked them the manner of the death. They told that he was destined to be killed by a tiger some day.

The Crown Prince was brought up in English environment. He grew up a tall, sturdy, brave and strong man. He become the king of his state at the age of twenty. He was determined to fulfil his pledge. So he issued a proclamation not to kill the tigers except by himself. The lawbreakers would be taken to task and their properties would be confiscated. Being a man of firm determination and self-respect, he denied permission to the British officer to hunt a tiger. He had to pay a high price to retain his throne. In between ten years, he killed seventy tigers and his forests became extinct. Then he married a princess whose father had large forest cover full of tigers. There he killed twenty-nine tigers but the hundredth one fainted due to the shock of the bullet. His hunters came there and killed it. Thus he fulfilled his vow. In between he did not adhere to the welfare of his subjects. Thus it can be said that he was a brave, courageous king that lacked worldly wisdom.

 Pudukkottai district in Tamil Nadu is known for its vigorous literacy drive called Arivoli Iyakkam. To spread the message of education, the cycling movement was started by Arivoli. A large number of women learnt to ride bicycles here, Cycling became a symbol of social mobility.

Sadao Hoki was both an expert surgeon in the art of healing wounds and a scientist as well. At the age of 22, his father sent him to America to study surgery and medicine. There he fell in love with Hana but married after returning from Japan when his father was convinced that the girl was a pure Japanese. He was very generous and loyal to his country. His wife Hana was also a sympathetic, kind, obedient and faithful wife. While standing on the veranda of their house, they saw something crawling on the beach. They approached there and found that he was a wounded and an escaped prisoner of war. At one time they thought to throw him back in the sea. On the other hand, they thought that the fellow would die if handed over to the police. As a doctor he was trained to save a life if he could do.

There flowed the milk of human kindness in both of them. They brought him home but the servants were badly against them. Sadao performed the operation and his wife Hana stood by him through every thick and thin. There was a great risk of Dr. Sadao being arrested for harbouring a prisoner of war. Being a patriot, he declared everything to the General and was ready to face the consequences. This shows that both Dr. Sadao and his wife, Hana were sympathetic, loyal, patriot, compassionate and honest people.

Market place is one of the crowded place. Many people are almost found in markets everyday. Market is a place where sellers sell various things like fruits , vegetables, clothes, shoes, etc. Customers are seen busy buying these things everyday. There are various types of sellers with different nature. Some are arrogant , while some are polite. Same goes with the customers . Since , market is a crowded place people get lost , especially children . Also , robbery of money ,purses, mobiles ,etc. takes place in these market crowds.

State highway connects all districts of state and district roads are only connects villages and places of that particular district.

• No speed braker found on state highway
• State highway is found in very good condition comparing with district roads

The correct answer is Zilla Parishad.

• District roads connect district headquarter to other places of the district.
• Zilla Parishad construct and maintain the district roads.

 ​

(b) Adam Smith

Mathura refinery releases toxic gases (like oxides of sulphur) which causes acid rain and hence corrosion of the marbles of Taj Mahal.

Answer (a) Both the statement are true and statement II is the correct explanation of statement I.

Correct option is D) print

Explanation:

Rivers of Tripura:

Deo:

• Area: Jampui Hill, Dharmanagar, Kanchanpur valley.
• Flow towards: North. It meets the Manu river.
• Length: 132 km.

Dhalai:

• Area: Longtharai range, Khowai, Kamalpur.
• Flow towards: North to Bangladesh.
• Length: 117 km.

Gumti/Gomti:

• Area: Longtharai, Amarpur, Gandachara, Udaipur, Sonamura.
• Flow towards: West up to Bangladesh.
• Length: 133 Km.

Haora:

• Area: Baramura range, Agartala.
• Flow towards: West up to Bangladesh.
• Length: 53 km.

Juri:

• Area: Jampui Hill, Dharmanagar Valley.
• Flow towards: North.
• Length: 79 Km.

Khowai:

• Area: Longtharai range, Khowai, Amarpur.
• Flow towards: North-west to Bangladesh.
• Length: 166 km.

Longai:

• Area: Jampui Hill, Dharmanagar.
• Flow towards: North.
• Length: 98 km long.

Manu:

• Area: Sakhan range, Longtharai, Kailashar.
• Flow towards: North to Bangladesh.
• Length: 167 km.
• It is the longest river in Tripura

Muhuri:

• Area: Deotamura, Belonia.
• Flow towards: West to Bangladesh.
• Length: 64 km.

Feni:

• Originated at the border by the confluence of three streams.

Tripura:

• Tripura is the Northeastern state of India with its capital at Agartala.
• Biplab Kumar Deb and Ramesh Bais are the incumbent chief minister and governor of Tripura respectively.
• Initially, Tripura was a category 'C' state and was granted the status of a Union Territory in the year 1956.
• Finally, it was raised to the status of a state on January 21, 1972.
• It is the only state of India which has been bordered from three sides by Bangladesh.
• It borders only one other Indian state and that is Assam.

The correct answer is Tropical Evergreen forests.

• Tropical Evergreen forests are found in the western slope of the Western Ghats, hills of the northeastern region and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
• They are found in warm and humid areas with annual precipitation of over 200 cm and a mean annual temperature above 22°C.
• Tropical evergreen forests are well stratified, with layers closer to the ground and are covered with shrubs and creepers, with short structured trees followed by a tall variety of trees.
• In these forests, trees reach great heights up to 60 m or above.
• There is no definite time for trees to shed their leaves, flowering and fruition.
• As such, these forests appear green all year-round.
• Species found in these forests include rosewood, mahogany, aini, ebony, etc.

Nepanagar in Madhya Pradesh has a newsprint factory.

The correct answer is tropical rain forest.

• Tropical rain forest:
  • ​The tropical rain forest is a forest with tall trees in a region of year-round high temperatures where an average of 50 to 260 inches of rain falls yearly.
  • Rain forests belong to the tropical wet climate group. The temperature in a rain forest rarely gets higher than 34 °C or drops below 20 °C, average humidity is between 77 and 88%. Rainfall is often more than 100 inches a year. There is usually a brief season of less rain. Almost all rainforests lie near the equator.
  • Many of the trees have straight trunks that don’t branch out.
  • The majority of the trees have a smooth, thin bark because there is no need to protect them from water loss and freezing temperatures.
  • It also makes it difficult for plant parasites to get a hold on the trunks.
  • The bark of different species is so similar that it is difficult to identify a tree by its bark.
  • Many trees can only be identified by their flowers.
  • The fertility of topsoil in rainforest regions is very poor. Torrential downpours wash out most of the topsoil nutrients.
  • The soil deteriorates rapidly with subsequent soil erosion and soil impoverishment.
  • The equatorial vegetation comprises a multitude of evergreen trees that yield tropical hardwood, e.g. mahogany, ebony, dyewoods etc.

The correct answer is Jyotiba Phule.

• ​Jyotiba Phule:
  • Jyotirao Govindrao Phule was an Indian social activist, social reformer, and writer from Maharashtra.
  • He completed his schooling at Scottish Mission School.
  • He along with his followers, formed the Satyashodhak Samaj to attain equal rights for people from lower castes.
  • He realized the importance of education, social reforms, and universal humanism.
  • He championed widow remarriage and started a home for high caste pregnant widows to give birth in a safe and secure place.
  • He opposes Vedas in order to reform the caste system.
  • His notable publications are Tritiya Ratna, Powada: Chatrapati Shivajiraje Bhosle Yancha, (English: Song of praise of Shivaji Maharaj).

• Durgaram Mancharam:
  • Durgaram Manchharam Dave popularly known as Durgaram Mehta or Durgaram Mehtaji.  
  • He was a Gujarati social reformer, writer, diarist, and teacher from British India.
  • Along with his associates, he established the Manav Dharma Sabha, the first reform association of Gujarat, at Surat in 1844.
• Dadoba Pandurang Tarkhadkar:
  • He was a brother of Atmaram Pandurang, Dadoba Pandurang (Tadkhadkar) born in Pune, Maharashtra.
  • He was a social reformer and linguist from Bombay.
  • He wrote extensively on religion and social reform as an opponent of rituals and caste, he also supported widow-remarriage and education for women. 
• ​Narayan Guru:
  • Narayana Guru was a  great philosopher, spiritual leader, and social reformer in India.
  • He was born into a family that belonged to the Ezhava caste.
  • He led a reformation movement against the injustice in the caste-ridden society of Kerala in order to foster spiritual enlightenment and social equality.

Water flows through a horizontal pipe at a constant volumetric rate. At a location where the cross sectional area decreases, the velocity of the fluid INCREASES .

The correct answer is Shripad Mahadev mate.

• Shripad Mahadev Mate was a Marathi writer and a social reformer from Maharashtra.
• He served as a teacher at the Nutan Marathi Vidyalaya, Pune, and later as a professor at Sir Parshurambhau College, Pune.
• Mate presided over the Marathi Sahitya Sammelan at Sangli in 1943.
• In 1945, he was the president of the function arranged to celebrate ‘Ambedkar Jayanti’ at Kalyan.
• He used to go in the colonies of the untouchables and teach them.
• He was a supporter of Hinduism from Pune.
• Rasavantichi Janmkatha, Sant-Pant-Tant are the important literary works by him.
• Sahityadhara, Parshuramcharitra, and Vichar-Shalaka are also important literary works by him.

The correct answer is Miss Slade.

• Miss Slade:
  • Born as Madeliene Slade in England, she was named Mira Behn by Mahatma Gandhi. 
  • She was the daughter of the British Rear-Admiral Sir Edmond Slade.
  • Meera Behn fought for the cause of freedom.
  • She was a close disciple and companion of Gandhiji.
  • She accompanied Gandhiji to Round Table Conference.
  • She did pioneering work for social reforms in rural areas. Hence option 3 is correct.

​

• ​Sister Nivedita: 
  • She was an Irish teacher, author, social activist and disciple of Swami Vivekananda.
  • During her initiation into brahmacharya, Vivekananda gave her name Nivedita.
• Miss Nightingale: 
  •  Sarojini Naidu was born on February 13, 1879, in Hyderabad of British India.
  • She was a poet, a politician and most importantly an Indian independence activist.
  • A play "Maher Muneer", was written by her as a child and it earned her a scholarship to study abroad.
  • Sarojini Naidu joined the Indian National Movement during the moment against the partition of Bengal.
  • Sarojini Naidu was jailed in 1930, 1932 and 1942 when she spent 21 months in jail.
  • Sarojini Naidu was elected as the President of the Indian National Congress in 1925, the first-ever Indian woman to be elected to that position.
  • After independence, Sarojini Naidu became the first Governor of the United Provinces and remained in office until her death in 1949.
• Miss Carpenter:
  • Mary Carpenter was an English educational and social reformer who came to India in 1866 from Britain. 
  • She met Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1833. During this visit, she went to Calcutta, Madras and Bombay.
  • She could see the pathetic condition of the female children in the country. She met Keshab Chandra Sen, the leader of Brahmo Samaj, who asked her to form an organization in Britain to improve communication between British and Indian reformers.
  • National Indian Association was established by her in 1870. It was different than the Indian National Association.

The correct answer is Shivaji.

• Rand was appointed on February 10, 1897, as an Assistant Collector and Chairman of, Poona Plague Committee.
• On June 22, 1897, Chapekar brothers – Damodar (27), Balkrisha (24), and Vasudev (17 or 18) – shot Rand and Lieutenant Charles Ayerst (mistaking him for Rand before he was located in the preceding carriage) while they were returning from Queen Victoria’s Jubilee Celebration at Government House in Ganeshkhind (now Pune University).
• While Ayerst died immediately, Rand succumbed to the injuries on July 3.

The correct answer is Organizations that extend social services locally

​

• Community-based organizations are local non-profit groups that work to generate improvements within a community at a local level.
• They are basically the community development process in the form of a formal organization.
• They are usually locally formed, locally staffed, and their actions are specific to the location they operate in.
• Their local status also means that they may be limited in what resources they have access to, depending on the geographical location of the CBO and the community it serves.
• Most CBOs are mainly volunteered their service, with few paid positions as most of their funding is delegated towards completing the group's objectives. 

 HYDROELECTRIC DAM 

OZONE is a common component of air pollution, but is essential in the upper atmosphere to protect life on earth. 

Dante is the name of an eight-legged robot designed to repel into the crater of Erebus. This volcano is located in  ANTARCTICA .

A PERSISTENT RINGING OR HISSING IN THE EARS AFTER EXPOSURE.

The Correct Answer is Bapuji Aney.

• Dr. Madhav Shrihari Bapuji  Aney was an educationist, freedom fighter, statesman, a modern Sanskrit poet, and a politician.
• He was also conferred with the title of Loknayak Bapuji, which means "The People's Leader and Respected Father".
• He always felt that Mahavidharbha should be a separate State.
• He wrote for the paper 'Harikishor' 1910 and was prosecuted for writing against the British government and was punished with the cancelation of his Sanad to practice law for 1 year.

• Ramrao Madhavrao Deshmukh was a prominent political and academic personality from Amravati, Maharashtra.
• Gajanan Tryambak Madkholkar was a Marathi novelist and a literary critic from Maharashtra, India.
• Mukund Ramrao Jayakar was the first Vice-Chancellor of the University of Poona. He was a renowned lawyer, scholar, and politician.
• He was a prominent freedom fighter.

TOXIC (POISONOUS), REACTIVE, IGNITABLE, AND CORROSIVE 

The correct option: (a) I only