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Bandung Conference was held in 1955. Indonesian President Ahmad Sukarno presided over it.

The seals of Harappa and Mohanjo Daro portray are Ships.

The last summit of Non-Aligned countries was held at Teheran, the capital of Iran in 2012.

Nehru and Josip Broz Tito were two of the World leaders at the Bandung Conference.

The first summit of Non- Aligned Countries was held at Belgrade in 1961. Josip Broz Tito, the President of Yugoslavia presided over it.

Magadha – Girivraja/Rajgriha

In former days, import of goods was less from Mesopotamia while export was more.

The 9^th summit of the Non-Aligned countries was held at Belgrade. Rajeev Gandhi participated in it.

The 7^th summit of Non-Aligned countries was held in Delhi.

The following extract has been taken from the chapter 'ldeas that have helped Mankind', written by Bertrand Russel. The writer says here that the invention of agriculture was more important for mankind. People got stability in life but on other hand it also led to blood thirsty practices in name of religion.

(d) Emperor Cyrus II – Pasargade

Dakshina Panchala – Kampilya

(b) Eretria – Greece

Correct option is (d) Nysa – Greek settlement

Correct option is (b) Bhagirathi

Correct option is (c) Lumbini

भूमि से प्राप्त होने वाले पदार्थ हैं- फल, सब्जियाँ, अनाज, लकड़ियाँ, औषधियाँ आदि।

जल बिना जीवित रहने की कल्पना भी नहीं की जा सकती। हमारे दैनिक जीवन के विभिन्न कार्यों जैसे- नहाना, कपड़े धोना, बरतन धोना, पोंछा करना, पेड़-पौधों को सींचना आदि अनेक ऐसे कार्य हैं। जिनमें जल की आवश्यकता पड़ती है।

जल के दुरूपयोग को रोकने के लिए जल के प्रयोग पर ध्यान देना होगा, जैसे- नल को कभी खुला नहीं छोड़ना, कुल्ला करने या नहाने के लिए मग का इस्तेमाल करना चाहिए। फल, सब्जी धोकर बचे पानी को फेंकना नहीं चाहिए बल्कि उसे पौधों में डाल देना चाहिए आदि।

हवा, मिट्टी, जल, सौर ऊर्जा, पेड़-पौधे, खनिज पदार्थ आदि प्राकृतिक संसाधन हैं। हवा का उपयोग हम साँस लेने में, जल का उपयोग हम अपनी प्यास बुझाने तथा अन्य अनेक आवश्यक कामों में करते हैं। पेड़-पौधे, वनस्पतियाँ हमारी विभिन्न आवश्यकताओं, जैसे- भोजन, आवास, कपड़ा आदि को पूरा करने के लिए उपयोग की जाती हैं। इसी तरह कृषि हेतु उपजाऊ मिट्टी हमें भूमि प्रदान करती है तथा तेल, कोयला और गैस यातायात वे उद्योगों में ईंधन के रूप में प्रयोग किए जाते हैं। सौर ऊर्जा तो हमारे जीवन का आधार ही है।

सोकपिट बनाने के लिए जमीन में एक ५-६ फीट गहरा चौकोर गड्ढा खोदा जाता हैं। इस गड्ढे की तली पर ईंट तथा पत्थर के टुकड़े डालकर उनको बालू की परत से ढक दिया जाता है। इसके बाद इसे नाली द्वारा पानी बहने के स्थान से जोड़ दिया जाता है तथा ऊपर से ढक दिया जाता है। इस प्रकार सोकपिट बनकर तैयार हो जाता है।

अपशिष्ट संग्रह पर्यावरण के लिए अत्यंत हानिकारक हैं। ये मनुष्य के स्वास्थ्य पर बुरा प्रभाव डालते हैं। दिसंबर 1984 में भोपाल गैस त्रासदी में यूनियन कार्बाइड पेस्टीसाइड़ फैक्ट्री से मेथिल आइसो साइनाइट गैस के रिसाव के कारण हजारों लोगों की मृत्यु हुई और लाखों लोग इसके कारण- कैंसर, साँस फूलना, सिर दर्द, अंगों का सुन्न होना जैसी अनेक बीमारियों से ग्रसित हो गए। इस घटना के बाद फैक्ट्री से कचरे के रूप में घातक रसायन निकले जिसने आस-पास की मिट्टी और जल को प्रभावित किया। इन अपशिष्ट का दुष्प्रभाव आज भी वहाँ की पीढ़ियों में देखा जा सकता है।

पृथ्वी पर समस्त जीवन का आधार सूर्य ही है। सूर्य पृथ्वी पर ऊर्जा का प्रमुख स्रोत है। सूर्य से हमें गर्मी और प्रकाश तो मिलता ही है, साथ ही सूर्य जल-चक्र बनाए रखने में, वायुमंडल में वायु का प्रवाह बनाए रखने में, जलवायु को नियंत्रित करने में, भोजन बनाने हेतु पौधों को ऊर्जा प्रदान करने में, घर में नमी-सीलन को दूर करने तथा कपड़े सुखाने में तथा शरीर में विटामिन डी की आपूर्ति हेतु सौर ऊर्जा हमारे लिए अति आवश्यक है।

ई-कचरा से तात्पर्य है- इलेक्ट्रॉनिक कचरा जो ऑफिस एवं घरों से निकलता है। इसके अन्तर्गत खराब कम्प्यूटर, मोबाइल फोन, सी०डी०, बैटरी व अन्य इलेक्ट्रॉनिक उपकरण जैसे- टी०वी०, वाशिंग मशीन, रेफ्रिजरटेर, ए०सी० आदि आते हैं।

1. The past, present and future are linked by a continuous chain of events. 

2. Every event has a consequence. 

3. The events of today (ie present) are linked with past actions. 

4. When we understand this, we realize that the future depends on past events. 

5. Therefore we can say that the past, present and future are linked.

History is considered to be a scientific discipline due to the following reasons :

1. History uses scientific methods while looking for and collecting evidence. 

2. It uses scientific methods while examining the evidence and putting it together. 

3. Help is taken from other sciences when required.

Independence of India is the consequence – result of the struggle of the people of India for independence.

Correct option is  (d) Varanasi

वायु हमारे लिए अत्यंत आवश्यक है। भोजन और जल के बिना तो हम कुछ समय तक जीवित रह सकते हैं। परन्तु वायु के बिना हम जिंदा नहीं रह सकते।

1. History uses scientific methods at every stage, i.e., while looking for and collecting evidence, examining the evidence and also while putting it together. 

2. A times, when required, help is also taken from other sciences. 

3. That is why history is also considered to be a science.

Environmental science studies the problems of degradation of the environment, pollution, etc. and looks for their solutions.

The method of using a number of different tests to determine whether the evidence is reliable is called the scientific method.

India’s struggle for independence resulted in India becoming an independent nation. This is an example of a consequence of an action.

An example of a historical action is when Indians fought against the British Government to get Independence.

Inventions of today were possible due to its foundation of discoveries and inventions of the past. e.g. Early man invented wheel and fire. The next generation with the help of technology and intellectual development improved upon it.

i. Evidence which is scientifically tested for its reliability is put in a proper sequence as an historical account. 

ii. Therefore we can say history is a science and not written solely on the basis of imagination.

1. account 

2. past 

3. onsequences 

4. good 

5. obstacles

(i) The science that tries to understand past events is called history.

(ii) History is not written solely on the basis of imagination.

By telling us the life stories of great people, history serves not only to inspire us but also to motivate us.

1. historical 

2. past 

3. tools

4. past 

5. time

(b) Statement and reason are correct.

1. future 

2. various 

3. scientific 

4. events 

5. reliability

1. True 

2. True 

3. True

(d) Numismatics – Study of tools

Time that has already gone by is the past. It can be described by using words like ‘some time ago’, ‘yesterday’ and ‘last year’.

1. Museums are community centres designed to inform and teach the public.

2. The educational benefit of a museum is academic learning.

3. Museums are the caretakers of history as much as they offer connections to history.

4. Museums are full of stories, and it is interesting for students to hear these stories. 

5. Museums offer opportunities for children to compare and contrast leading to critical thinking skills.

6. Children’s curiosity comes out in the form of questions.

7. Students are exposed to new ideas and concepts.

8. Museums inspire students to wonder, imagine and dream Of possibilities that are beyond what they know.

9. Students are exposed to opportunities that spark creative moments.

1. Paintings could have been drawn or rocks to convey their lifestyles to the future generations.

2. They might have wished to record their activities through their paintings.

1. caves 

2. Herodotus 

3. Dog 

4. archaeological 

5. 24

Am I am living at Mylapore. I have collected information about it from my grandparents, neighbours and teacher and internet.

It is given below:

I am a Historian 

(i) Mylapore is located a few kilometres to the south of the British-built Chennai city.

(ii) It lies between Tiruvallikkeni and Teynampet in the west then across to the coast in the east.

(iii) The word Mylapore is derived from Mayil Arparikum Oor, which means “Land

(iv) Historically, peacocks have been known to thrive in the area, which is evident from the several statues in the Kapaleeshwarar Temple towers and in the emblem of the San Thome Basilica.

(v) Thirugnanasambandar has also mentioned about mayil (peacock) in his songs in Tevaram.

(vi) Mylapore was historically known as Vedapuri.

(vii) As the available historical and archaeological evidence show, it could well be the oldest part of Chennai, with written records of early settlements going back to the first century BC.

(viii) It was known for its ancient port with a flourishing trade with the Roman Empire, receiving gold in exchange for its products like pepper and fine cloth.

(ix) St. Thomas the Apostle allegedly died at Mylapore in 72 AD.

(x) Ptolemy had recorded in the 2nd century AD that the port of Mylapore was known to the Greeks and the Romans. The Saivite Saints of the 7th Century, Saint Sambandar and Saint Appar, have sung about the Shrine in their hymns.

(xi) Mention has been made of the early settlement of Santhome (currently known),by Arab travelers and merchants of the 9th and 10th centuries AD.

(xii) Marco Polo visited the place in the late 13th century and left a detailed description of the land, the people along with their customs and religion.

(xiii) It was considerable maritime time and the ancient German and Greek maps refer to the town as ‘Maliarpha’.

(xiv) Mylapore was occupied by the Portuguese in 1523. Their rule lasted until 1749, except for a brief interregnum between 1662 and 1687, when the town was occupied by the Dutch.

(xv) After 1749, the British East India Company took possession of the settlement in . the name of Muhammad Ali Khan Wallaj ah, the Nawab of Arcot. In that same year, Mylapore was incorporated into the administration of the Presidency of Madras. 

(xvi) In the late 19th and early 20th centuries the town became the commercial and intellectual hub of Madras city and home to British-educated lawyers and statesmen.

From used stone tools, rock paintings, fossils and other excavated materials.