Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

1. Science, not rule of thumb: This principle states that:

a. There may be only one best way/method to maximise efficiency.

b. This method can be developed through scientific study and analysis of each element of a job and should substitute ‘Rule of Thumb’.

c. This standard method then should be followed throughout the organisation.

2. Discipline: This principle states that:

a. We must obey the organisational rules and employment agreement which are necessary for the working of the organisation.

b. There must be good superiors at all levels, clear and fair agreement and judicious application of penalties.

c. Workers and management both should honour their commitments towards one another without prejudice.

(a) Science not a rule of thumb: Taylor believed that there was only one best method to maximise efficiency. This method can be developed through scientific study and analysis of each element of a job and should substitute 'Rule of Thumb'. This standard method then should be followed throughout the organisation.

(b) Co-operation not individualism: There should be complete co-operation between the labour and management instead of individualism; competition should be replaced by co-operation. Both should realise that they need each other.

(c) Harmony not discord: According to Taylor there should not be any conflict between the managers and the workers. He emphasised that there should be complete harmony between the managers and the workers. Both should realise that each or-re is important to achieve the objectives of the organisation.

(a) Science not a rule of thumb: Taylor believed that there was only one best method to maximise efficiency. This method can be developed through scientific study and analysis of each element of a job and should substitute 'Rule of Thumb'. This standard method then should be followed throughout the organisation.

(b) Co-operation not individualism: There should be complete co-operation between the labour and management instead of individualism; competition should be replaced by co-operation. Both should realise that they need each other.

(c) Harmony not discord: According to Taylor there should not be any conflict between the managers and the workers. He emphasised that there should be complete harmony between the managers and the workers. Both should realise that each or-re is important to achieve the objectives of the organisation.

Given:

Profit and loss sharing ratio = 3 : 2

Given amount of loan to Pawan = ₹ 3,500,000

Interest rate charged = 10%

Value of the loan taken by the firm = ₹ 200,000

Loss incurred = ₹ 10,000

To find:

The amount to be transferred to Profit and Loss Appropriation Account  = ?

Solution:

The calculation is shown below:

Net loss incurred for the year - ₹10,000

Add: Interest received on loan taken by the Pawan ₹ 350,000

(₹ 3500000 x 10/100)

Less: Interest on loan taken by the firm - ₹12,000

(₹ 200000 x 6/100)

Amount transferred  ₹328,000

Hence, the amount to be transferred to Profit and Loss Appropriation Account  is ₹328,000

Correct option is (b) Harmony in group

6.023 x 10²³ molecules of NH₃ has weight = 17 g 

3.01 x 10²³ molecules of NH₃ has weight = 17 x 3.01 x 10²³/ 6.023 x 10²³ = 8.50 g

Meq. of H₂SO₄= 0.4 x 1200 = 480

w/49 x 1000 = 480

w = 23.52 g

180 g glucose has = N molecules 

5.23 g glucose has = 5.23 x 6.023 x 10²³/180

= 1.75 x 10²² molecules 

N x V(in Litre) = Equivalent 

N x 3 = 50/1000

N = 0.0166 

1 mole of Ca(NO₃)₂ has = 2 N atoms of nitrogen 

0.25 mole of Ca(NO₃)₂ has = 2 x 0.25 x 6.023 x 10²³ atoms of N 

= 3.0 x 10²³ 

Mol. wt. of CaCl₂ = 111 g

111 g CaCl₂ has = N ions of Ca²⁺ 

333 g CaCl₂ has N x 333/111 ions of Ca²⁺ = 3 N ions of Ca²⁺ 

Also, 111 g CaCI₂ has = 2 N ions of Cl^- 

333 g CaCl₂ has = 2N x 333/111 ions of Cl^-

= 6 N ions of CI^-

Eq. of metal = Eq. of oxygen 

wt. of metal = 1 g, wt. of oxygen = 1.08 - 1 = 0.08 g

1/E_metal = 0.08/8

E_metal = 100

Also App. at.wt. x sp. heat = 6.4 

App. at. wt. = 6.4/0.06 = 106.67 

Valence = at. wt./ E. wt. = 106.67/100 = 1 (integer ) 

exact at. wt. = E x valence = 100 x 1 = 100

Standard molar volume of gas is its volume occupied by 1 mole at NTP.

1.429 g of O₂ gas occupies volume 1 litre 

32 g of O₂ gas occupies volume = 32/1.429 litre

= 22.39 litre mol^-1

The given reaction is, 

2Na + 2H₂ O ----> 2NaOH + H₂ 

From equation, it is evident: 

46 g Na reacts to liberate 1 mole H₂, 

23 g Na reacts to liberate (1 x 23)/46 = 1/2 mole H₂ 

Weight of H₂ liberated = (1/2) x 2 = 1 g 

Also, volume of H₂ at STP = 22400 x 1/2 = 11200 mL 

C. epidermal cell 

Epidermal cell is a plant cell while cartilage cell, neuron and epithelial cell are animal cells.

D. tissue 

The group of similar cells which work together to perform a particular function is called tissue.

Cell without its cell membrane is called Protoplasm. The Cytoplasm and Nucleus taken together make up the protoplasm.

Single, asexual, nucleus, body, binary

Hens are oviparous in which internal fertilisation takes place. The fertilised egg develops into an embryo inside the body. However, the development of chick from the embryo takes place outside the body.Frogs are oviparous in which both fertilisation and development of zygote to embryo and young ones occurs outside the body.

No, paramecium cannot attain the shape of Amoeba. Amoeba has no definite shape, so it can obtain the shape of paramecium since its shape changes as it moves. Paramecium already has a slipper like shape.

An ostrich’s egg is 15 centimetres in length and 13 centimetres wide. The weight of this egg is about 1.5 kg and it is single cell which is believed to be the largest existing single cell today.

The largest cell in human body is the female ovum or egg with a diameter of 1000 micrometres. Ovum is the female reproductive cell and is found in the ovaries.

Yes, one cell performs all life activities in unicellular organisms. Unicellular organisms (prokaryotes and eukaryote) are made up of just one cell and all the things needed for the survival of the organism takes place in that one cell.

Thus, one cell carries out all the functions in unicellular organisms.

Red blood cell do not reproduce because they do not contain nucleus, thus they do not have DNA which is the genetic material needed for reproduction.

Nucleus is the control centre of the cell. It is the largest floating body found in the cell. Nucleus controls and regulates all the cell activities. The DNA of the cell is found here in nucleus.

Cell membrane is the thin outermost layer of cells. It functions to keep the cytoplasm and organelles inside the cell. Since it is semi permeable, it regulates the entry and exit of water, soluble molecules and other materials. Cell membrane also helps in communicating with other cells & provides protection and support to the cell.

C. nerve cell 

Nerve cells (neurons) are long, branched and have thread-like projections so that they can connect other nerves cells and transmit messages over long distance

In multicellular organisms, there is no relation between size of organism and number of cells. In unicellular organisms, since there is a single cell, the size of the organism will be equally big as the size of the single cell.

Yeast and hydra reproduce through budding.

A. (ii) 

B. (iii) 

C. (i)

D. chloroplasts 

Chloroplasts are found only in those plant cells which carry out photosynthesis like the cells in green leaves. So, chloroplasts are not found in the root cells of a plant.

(d) Bryophyllum

Syngamy results in the formation of Zygote.

A layer of jelly covers the eggs of frog and provides protection.

Internal fertilization – (a) Cows (c) Humans (e) Hen 

External fertilization – (b) Frog (d) Fish

The zygote divides repeatedly to give rise to a ball of cells. The cells then begin to form groups that develop into different tissues and organs of the body. This developing structure is termed an embryo. The stage of the embryo in which all the body parts can be identified is called a foetus.

Cotton, corn and wheat.

Rockies chain of mountains, Appalachian mountain range, Mississippi and Missouri rivers and the five Great Lakes namely Superior, Huron, Erie, Ontario and Michigan.

Agriculture, trade and industry.

United States of America.

Correct option is (B) Berlin

The animals that give birth to young ones directly, that is they do not pay eggs are called viviparous animals. The development of embryo, in this case, takes place inside the parental body, generally, of mothers.

Asexual reproduction takes place through budding in Yeast.

A. Amoeba 

Amoeba, yeast and rhizobium are examples of unicellular organisms while Yak is an example of multicellular organisms.

The mirrors used in elevating buildings are reinforced, tough and laminated glasses. These mirrors provide safety and make the buildings attractive.

C) It will produce the exact copy of organism X.

(D) seudopodia

B. lizard 

Rat, rabbit and cat are viviparous animals whereas lizard is a oviparous animal because it lays egg.

D. clones 

In asexual reproduction, two off springs having the same genetic material and the same body features are called clones.