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Correct option is (d) TERMITE proofing

For explanation I would say: Termites LIVE in a Colony and they are very fast in eating wood and other cellulosic material as food. They also damage non cellular materials like plastic, leather cover, etc. The cellulose forms their basic nutrient. They also damage materials of ORGANIC origin like household article, furniture, CLOTHING and stationery.

The CORRECT OPTION is (c) Water proofing

Easiest explanation: The Water leakage in the buildings is the most common problem actually in all types of building such as the residential flats, hospitals, offices, SCHOOL buildings, etc. It is observed in the building Industry that 99% of water leakage PROBLEMS are concentrated on the TERRACE roofs and in the toilets.

Correct option is (a) Ground nesting

The BEST explanation: It is also to be noted that it is very difficult to control land to remove the ground nesting TERMITES or subterranean termites, once they have entered the STRUCTURE. It is found that loss caused by the termites in our country RUNS into SEVERAL millions of rupees every year.

Right choice is (c) ACTION of rain

To explain I would say: If faces of wall, exposed to HEAVY showers of rain, not SUITABLE protected, they become the sources of ENTRY of the DAMPNESS in a structure. Similarly, the leaking roof also permits the rain water to enter the structure.

Correct option is (a) Plumbing

The best I can explain: If curing is not done properly COME on the rich cement mortar gets CRACK and leads to leakage. If possible, one PIECE P trap should be used to reduce one joint in the drainage system and it should be fixed before WATERPROOFING of the WC Block is started.

The CORRECT answer is (d) Bituminous felts

The BEST I can EXPLAIN: The Bituminous felts can accommodates slight moments. But it is liable to squeeze out under heavy PRESSURE and it offers little Resistance to sliding. The material is available in rolls and it should be careful UNROLL, especially in cold weather.

Correct OPTION is (c) DRYWOOD termites

Explanation: Drywood termites cause great damage to the buildings in humid coastal areas. They LIVE in dry wood in small colonies without MAINTAINING any connection with the soil. These termites are less in number and they are generally found in the humid coastal regions of South India.

The correct choice is (a) Puldo

The best explanation: When Compound like Pludo, impermo, etc. Are ADDED to cement during construction, it prevents seepage, leakage and damp cause by capillary absorption of the MOISTURE in cement, mortar and concrete. The quantity of WATER proofing compound to be added is also very small, set 2% and does a bag of cement will require only about 10 N of such compounds.

Correct option is (C) MASTIC Asphalt

Explanation: The jute cloth is spread over the layer of hot mastic Asphalt. Then one more layer of mastic Asphalt is APPLIED so that the jute cloth is SANDWICHED between TWO layers of mastic Asphalt. The sand is then Sprinkled over the entire surface of roof.

The correct option is (b) Structure barrier

To elaborate: In Structural barrier, the metal barrier consists of SHEETS of non corrodible metals such as copper or GALVANIZED IRON, having a thickness of about 0.80 mm. The metal barriers are likely to be damage and MADE prove to be ineffective against termites.

Correct option is (b) STRUCTURAL BARRIER

For explanation I WOULD say: Structural barrier maybe in the form of a cement concrete layer or metal layer at plinth level. The cement concrete layer or coping is 50 mm to 75 mm thick and it is preferable to keep it projected about 50 mm to 75 mm internally and externally.

The correct option is (a) Chemical

The best explanation: There will be ADVERSE EFFECTS of CHEMICALS like DDT, BHC, PCP, ETC. Are absorbed through skin, INHALED as vapour or swallowed. It is therefore necessary to follow strictly the precautions mentioned on the containers of insecticides.

The CORRECT option is (b) Water tanks

To ELABORATE: The bottom slab of overhead water TANK should be placed 1 metre above the roof slab. It will facilitate proper centring during construction and also for the location and repairing the leakage after construction.

The CORRECT CHOICE is (c) Soil treatment using emulsion

To explain: In soil treatment with chemical, all CHEMICALS are CHLORINATED hydrocarbons. They are insoluble in WATER and hence they are not reached out by the subsoil water. The application of this chemical serve as a chemical barrier between the building and the ground and this method has proved to be the most effective method of termite proofing.

Correct option is (c) Subterranean

Easiest explanation: Subterranean or ground nesting termites require adequate moisture and it is supplied EITHER from the soil through the tunnels or through wet spots in the building or through any other available source. The MUD TUBES betray the presence of these termites. Such TERMITE damage a variety of wood and other cellulosic material like paper, CARDBOARD, clothes, etc.

The correct answer is (a) Metal sheets

To explain: The LEAD sheet is a flexible material. The thickness of lead sheet should be such that its weight is not less than 200 N/m^2. The lead can be dressed to complex shapes without FACTURE and it possesses high resistant to SLIDING action.

The correct answer is (c) Bedding Concrete

Explanation: In bedding concrete and Flooring, the concrete maybe brickbat lime concrete 1:2:4 or brickbat cement concrete 1:6:12 or 1:5:10. The thickness of concrete LAYER is about 100 mm. The surface of bedding concrete is PROVIDED by SUITABLE flooring such as tiles, terrazzo, Indian Patent stone, ETC.

Right choice is (d) Push cocks

The EXPLANATION is: The concussive or violently shaking type push cocks fitted for the flushing of WC pans lead to vibration and consequently in the JOINTS in the drainage system get dislodged and LOSE water tightness. It is THEREFORE desirable to provide wheel valve or other suitable valve which do not CAUSE vibration.

Correct option is (b) Filling of joints

Best explanation: The joints in the drainage system should be filled with rich cement MORTAR. Due to aging, the STRENGTH of cement mortar deteriorates resulting in LEAKAGES through the cracked Joints. The remedy lies in feeling such joints, INITIALLY with epoxy resin mortar or at least at a later STAGE while repairing the same.

Correct OPTION is (c) RAISING of moisture from ground

To elaborate: The ground on which the building is CONSTRUCTED may be made of soils which easily allow the water to pass. Usually the buildings MATERIAL used for the foundation absorb moisture by capillary action. Thus, the Dampness finds his way to the FLOOR through the substructure.

Correct option is (b) Condensation

Easiest explanation: The PROCESS of condensation takes PLACE when the warm HUMID air is cooled. This is due to the FACT that cool air can contain less invisible water VAPOURS than warm air. The moisture is a deposit on the walls, floor and ceiling. This is the main source causing dampness in badly design kitchens.

Right option is (d) RELIEF valves

Easiest explanation: It is NECESSARY to PROVIDE brake pressure relief VALVE at suitable vertical distance in multi storey BUILDINGS to prevent seepage of water through the plumbing system.

The correct option is (a) Termites

The explanation is: The front pair of WINGS of ANT is longer than their hind pair whereas in termites, both the pairs are EQUAL. The Termites are FOUND in abundance in tropical and subtropical COUNTRIES.

Correct answer is (a) Bricks

To explain: The dense Bricks, absorbing WATER less than 4.50% of their weight, can be used for damp proofing at places where damp is not EXCESSIVE. The joints are KEPT open. Such bricks are WIDELY used when damp proofing courses to be INSERTED in an existing wall.

Right answer is (b) CEMENT concrete

The BEST I can explain: The depth of cement concrete layer VARIES from 40 mm to 150 mm. It stops the rise of water by capillary action and it is found to be effective at places where them is not EXCESSIVE.