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Correct option is (b) Cantilever tread slab STEPS

The EXPLANATION: In Cantilever Tread slab steps, the steps are FORMED of trades only. For this purpose, only thick stone slab are used without any Riser. The steps either be rectangular and TRIANGULAR in shape.

Right CHOICE is (d) Springer

Easiest explanation: Voussoirs are the WEDGE shaped unit forming the courses of an ARCH. Whereas, Abutment is the END support of an arch.

Right ANSWER is (a) Helical

Best explanation: In Circular or Helical or SPIRAL TYPES of stairs, the flight consists of winders only and they may be continued through any design number of turns. A spiral STAIR may be CONSTRUCTED of cast iron, mild steel or concrete.

The CORRECT option is (c) Brick

The best I can explain: A Brick stair maybe made of SOLID construction or arches may be provided. The latter ARRANGEMENT reduces the total quality of brick work and give some additional space which can be used for MAKING cupboards, etc.

Correct choice is (d) Thickness

Best explanation: WHEREAS, Ring is the CIRCULAR course forming an ARCH. And Piers are the intermediate supports of an ARCADE.

The CORRECT option is (c) Sheets

Easiest EXPLANATION: The ties are provided to maintain the DISTANCE between the sheets and to resist the bursting action of concrete. In the SMALL pieces of timber known as the SPACERS may be used and they are to be removed as the concrete reaches that level.

Correct answer is (C) Metal

The explanation is: The common Metals, used for the construction of STAIRS, are CAST IRON, bronze and mild steel. THUS the metal stairs are widely used in factories, workshops, godowns, etc.

The correct choice is (c) Open Newel

Explanation: In Open Newel stair, the well MAYBE RECTANGULAR or of any GEOMETRICAL shape and it can be used for fixing lifts. These stairs are useful where the available space for staircase has a width GREATER than twice the width of the steps.

Correct answer is (a) Rebated boot lintel

The EXPLANATION: A FLEXIBLE D.P.C. should be PROVIDED and the toe of the boot should be strong enough to BEAR the load of the wall above it.

The correct choice is (c) Haunch

To explain I WOULD say: Whereas, SPANDRIL is the irregular triangular space formed between the EXTRADOS and the horizontal line drawn tangent to the crown.

Right ANSWER is (a) Skewback

To explain I WOULD say: Skewback is PREPARED to receive the arch and from it, SPRINGS the arch. Whereas, BACK is the external curve of an Arch.

Correct choice is (b) Stone

To elaborate: The choice of the type of material to be adopted for the construction of STAIRS will depend on the availability of funds, qualities DESIRED to use of the stairs durability and EXPECTED architectural effect REQUIRED, etc.

The correct option is (d) Four

For explanation I WOULD say: The four sides of boxer HELD in POSITION by wooden blocks, BOLTS and yokes. The details of formwork for an RCC column of section is 300 mm x 300 mm. Here, the spacing of yokes is about 1 metre in length.

Correct answer is (a) ROUGH arch

To EXPLAIN: A rough arch is used where appearance is of secondary importance or when it is intended to plaster the FACE of the arch. In ORDER to prevent the thick end of mortar to become too large, such arches are CONSTRUCTED in rings of half bricks.

Correct CHOICE is (a) Impost

Easy explanation: Whereas, Springing Points are the points from which the CURVE of an arch SPRINGS. And Height is the perpendicular DISTANCE between the Intrados and extrados.

The correct option is (b) Dead load

Easy EXPLANATION: This requires careful design of formwork. The over ESTIMATION of load result in inexpensive formwork and the underestimation of load results in the failure of formwork. The load on the vertical FORMS are to be assessed from various CONSIDERATION such as the density of concrete, dimensions of section, ETC.

The correct answer is (a) Timber

Easy explanation: The main OBJECTIVE of the provision to a wooden stair is that it is EASILY ATTACKED by fire and thus, in case of a fire, the occupants of upper FLOOR cannot escape. But if a wooden stair is constructed from good quality Timber such as TEAK and if it’s thickness is about 45 mm it becomes sufficiently fireproof.

The CORRECT choice is (a) QUARTER- TURN

To explain: Quarter Turn steps are commonly USED in public buildings near their entrance hall. The stairs has a wider FLIGHT at the bottom which bifurcates into two narrower flights at the landing, one turning to the left and other to the right.

The correct choice is (a) Run

The explanation: Riser includes the LENGTH of landings also. Whereas, Scotia is an ADDITIONAL finish or moulding provided to the nosing or tread to improve the elevation of the STEP and to PROVIDE STRENGTH to the nosing.

The CORRECT answer is (b) Rise

The best EXPLANATION: Whereas, SPAN is the clear HORIZONTAL distance between the supports. And Centre is the GEOMETRICAL centre of the curve of an arch.

The correct answer is (a) Stone arches

For EXPLANATION I would say: The rubble masonry ARCH is comparatively WEAK and HENCE it is used for INFERIOR type of work. The span of rubble masonry stone arches is limited to about 1 m or so.

The correct ANSWER is (b) GAUGED arch

To explain: The Gauged arch is used where are FINE finish of the surface is required. The surfaces of BRICKS are finished with file. The mortar JOINTS are as thin as 1.50 mm to 0.75 mm.

The correct answer is (d) PLYWOOD

To explain I would say: Under NORMAL conditions, the plywood formwork can be USED for 20 times to 25 times and the timber formwork can be used for 10 times to 12 times. The plywood formwork give surface which are plain and smooth and they may not required any further finishing treatment.

The correct answer is (B) Steel

To elaborate: The ERECTION and REMOVAL of steel formwork is simple and it presents a smooth surface on removal. The initial cost of steel formwork is very high. But it proved to be economically for LARGE ones requiring many repetitions of the formwork.

Correct option is (b) Panel Forms

The explanation: The operation of removing the from work is commonly known as the stripping and when the stripping takes place, the components of the FORM work are removed and then reused for ANOTHER part of the structure. Such forms whose components can be reused SEVERAL times are known as the panel forms.

The correct answer is (d) Tread and Riser STEPS

For explanation I would say: In Tread and riser steps, the Treada and rises of stone are PROVIDED in case of TIMBER steps. The stone slab trades and RISERS are CONNECTED by Dowels in these steps.

Right answer is (a) Escalator

For explanation: These stairs are KNOWN as the ESCALATORS a were moving FLIGHTS of electrically operated stairs. A few steps at top and bottom are kept LEVEL through moving individually. The only thing a person has to do is to OCCUPY a step of the escalator for his upward and downward motion.

The correct option is (b) Brick Lintels

Easiest explanation: It is FOUNDED the bricks having frogs are more suitable for the brick lintel. It is due to the FACT that the frogs, FILLED with mortar, form keys between different LAYERS and thus the SHEAR resistance of end joint is increased.

Right choice is (c) Steel

To explain I would SAY: The EXPOSED surface obtained by use of timber formwork INVARIABLY requires plastering for getting the desired finish of the CONCRETE surface. Steel possesses more strength and is more durable than timber formwork.

Correct answer is (c) Spandril steps

Explanation: Spandril steps are USED where the headroom is desired. The Soffit affords a nice appearance and the weight of step is ALSO reduced. The ENDS of the Spandril step with which are built into the wall should be square so as to provide a horizontal SEATING or bearing.

Correct answer is (c) RCC

Explanation: In GENERAL, it should be seen that the bearing of LINTEL i.e. the distance upto which it is inserted in the supporting wall, should be minimum of 100 mm or height of lintel.

Correct answer is (B) 1:2:4

To elaborate: The usual Congress mixed for RCC lintel is 1:2:4 i.e. 1 part of CEMENT, TWO parts of sand and four parts of aggregate by VOLUME. The plain concrete lintel can be used up to a span of about 800 MM.

Correct choice is (C) Concrete arches

To EXPLAIN: In Concrete arches, the blocks are similar to stone and are prepared by Casting cement concrete in SPECIALLY prepared mould. The Monolithic concrete at these are constructed from CAST in situ concrete and are suitable for BIG spans.

The correct option is (c) Handrail

To explain: Handrail is generally MOULDED and some forms of HANDLES varies with shape. The Handrail serves as a guide rail and it should be provided at a convenient height so as to give GRASP to the hand during ASCENT and descent.