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The CORRECT choice is (b) Pile method

Easy explanation: Pile method is useful in clayey soils and for waterlogged areas and for WALLS CARRYING heavy loads. For UNDERPINNING very light structures, the piles are driven along the structure and then brackets or CANTILEVER needles are provided to carry the structure.

Right answer is (a) Bedding

For explanation: If standards are not resting on the FIRM ground, the base plates of suitable size should be provided at their bottom ends. Further, if required, TIMBER SOLE PLATE should be provided on which all base plates rest.

Correct option is (d) Spacing

The BEST explanation: The spacing of standards is less for HEAVY LOADING and more for light loading. The MAXIMUM spacing is about 3 metres.

Right option is (c) HORIZONTAL shore

The best EXPLANATION: In Flying or horizontal shore arrangement, the horizontal supports are given to the parallel walls which have become unsafe due to the removal or COLLAPSE of the intermediate building.

The correct answer is (b) Standards

For explanation: WHEREAS, PUTLOGS are the TRANSVERSE species which are placed on the Ledgers and which are SUPPORTED on the wall at one end. They are at the right angle to the wall. And the Ledgers are the horizontal MEMBERS parallel to the wall.

Correct choice is (b) Suspended SCAFFOLDING

Explanation: In Suspended scaffolding, the working platform is suspended from the roof by means of ropes, WIRES or chains and arrangements are made such that the platform can be raised or lowered. This type of scaffolding does not CREATE any obstruction on the ground and it is the most effective as it always PROVIDES the optimum level for working.

Correct choice is (a) Chemical CONSOLIDATION

Best EXPLANATION: The procedure for chemical consolidation is as: The PERFORATED pipe are driven in an inclined direction. The inclination SLOPES are so adjusted that the ENTIRE area under the existing putting comes under the command of the inclined pipes; The chemical reaction takes place between two chemicals and the soil is consolidated.

Correct answer is (a) Steel SCAFFOLDING

Best EXPLANATION: In steel scaffolding, the Steel tubes are available in standard lens with special coupling and set SCREWS. The scaffolding can be used upto any height. It is strong and more durable; it can be easily irritated and dismantle; it possesses high scrap VALUE and it is resistant to fire.

The CORRECT answer is (a) Pit METHOD

To ELABORATE: In Pit Method, the holes are then made in the existing WALL. The needles with bearing plates and then inserted through this holes are supported on Jack. The pit is excavated and the existing foundation is taken up to the required LEVEL.

The correct CHOICE is (d) Bridle

The best I can explain: Whereas, TRANSOMS are the Putlogs, but their both ends are supported on the Ledgers. And, Braces are the diagonals cross SPECIES fixed on the standards.

Right choice is (b) Vibroflotation

To explain I WOULD say: Vibroflotation increases the DENSITY of soil which ultimately results in the increase of bearing capacity of soil. This method is useful for granular or SANDY soil and before the PROCESSING of underpinning START, the building or any of its structure components is shored carefully.

Right choice is (B) Raking shore

Explanation: However, in ACTUAL PRACTICE, the angle of INCLINATION in Raking or Inclined shore may vary from 45° to 75°. The top RAKER should not be inclined steeper than 75° with the horizontal.

Right option is (d) Flying shore

Easiest explanation: But when the DISTANCE is between 9 m to 12 m, a COMPOUND or Double Flying shore is provided. It should be seen that both the horizontal shores are SYMMETRICAL placed with respect to the FLOOR levels.

The correct option is (a) Raking shore

To elaborate: Whereas, the flying SHORES are generally erected at a distance of about 3 m to 5 m in plan and horizontal Struts are INTRODUCED, if necessary, to act as a lateral bracing between the adjacent line shores.

Correct choice is (d) CEMENT grouting

Easy explanation: The OPERATION of Cement grouting is simple. The HOLES are drilled in a slab and then cement grout is forced under pressure through these holes. The pressure is maintained until the cement grout has set.

The correct choice is (c) Scaffolding

Best explanation: When the height above floor level exceeds about 1.5 m a temporary structure, usually of TIMBER, is ERECTED close to the work to PROVIDE a safe working PLATFORM for the WORKERS and to provide limited space for the storage of plant and building materials. This temporary Framework is known as scaffolding or simply of scaffold.

Correct choice is (a) Toe board

For explanation: Toe board is provided to WORK as a PROTECTIVE MEASURE on the working platform. Whereas, GUARD rail is a rail provided like a Ledger at the working level.

Correct option is (a) Vertical shores

The best I can EXPLAIN: In vertical shores, the FOLDING wedges, sole plate, dogs and braces are USED. A Raking shore may be PROVIDED as an additional safety especially in case of weak walls.

Correct OPTION is (B) Shoring

Best explanation: Shoring is essential for STRUCTURES which have become UNSAFE due to an equal settlement of foundation or due to removal of the adjacent building or due to any other reason. For safe structures, The Shoring is required to prevent MOVEMENT when certain additions and alterations are being carried out.

Right CHOICE is (c) Chemical consolidation

To explain: Here, the cost of consolidation depends on the nature of SOIL, depth of consolidation, site of WORK, etc. In this method, the soil under the existing footing is CONSOLIDATED by using Chemicals. The chemical reaction takes place between two chemicals and hence the soil is consolidated.

Correct answer is (C) Dead SHORE

Easy explanation: In Dead shore ARRANGEMENT, the needles are driven at right angles to the wall through the holes made in the wall. A Dead shore is used when the lower part of the wall has become DEFECTIVE and the foundations are to be deepened.

Right choice is (b) UNDERPINNING

The explanation: Following are the situations demanding underpinning: A building with DEEP Foundation is to be constructed at joint to an EXISTING building; The SETTLEMENT of existing Foundation has taken placed, resulting in serious cracks in the wall; The basement is to be PROVIDED to an existing building.

Correct choice is (d) Flying shore

For explanation I WOULD say: A Flying shore consists of WALL plate, needles, cleats, strut, straining pieces and folding wedges. The flying shore should have a DEPTH of not LESS than 1/13th of the clear span and width should not less than 1/15th of its length.

Right option is (d) DOUBLE scaffolding

Easy explanation: In Double scaffolding or Mason’s scaffolding, the FRAMEWORK is similar to the single scaffolding accept that two rows of standards are provided. The distance between the face of the WALL and the first show of standard is about 200 MM to 300 mm and the distance between the two rows is about 1 m.

The correct answer is (b) Single SCAFFOLDING

To explain I would say: Single scaffolding or Bricklayers scaffolding CONSISTS of a single row of standards placed at a distance of about 1.20 m from the WALL. The distance between the successive standards is above 2 metre to 2.50 m. The LEDGERS are then fixed to the standards at a vertical distance of about 1.20 metre to 1.80 metres.

The correct choice is (a) Raking shore

For explanation I would say: A Raking shore or Inclined shore consists of a wall PLATE, NEEDLES, plates, cleats, BRACING and sole plate. The wall plate is PLACED against the wall and is secured by the means of needles which penetrate into the wall for a distance of about 150 mm. The wall plate distributes the pressure EVENLY.