Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

(I) Variation of electronegativity in a period: 

The electronegativity increases across a period from left to right. Since the atomic radius decreases in a period, the attraction between the valence electron and the nucleus increases. Hence the tendency to attract shared pair of electrons increases, ‘therefore, electronegativity increases in a period.

(II) Water is amphoteric in nature and it behaves both as an acid as well as base. With acids stronger than itself (e.g., H₂S) it behaves as a base and with bases stronger than itself (e.g., NH, ) it acts as an acid.

Water materials is removed from the filtrate at the loop of Henle.

A terrestrial animal must be able to conserve water.

 ∆G^θ = -2.303 RT log K

Here, R = 8.0 JK^-1 mol^-1 ; T = 300K ; K = 10

 ∆G^θ  = -2.303 x 8 JK^-1 mol^-1 x 300 K x log10

         = -5527 J mol^-1

          = -5.527 kJ mol^-1

For NO(g) ; Δ_f H^⊖ = +ve : Unstable in nature

For NO₂(g) ; Δ_f H^⊖ = -ve : Stable in nature

1. A system in thermodynamics refers to that part of universe in which observations are made. The remaining part of the universe other than the system constitutes the surroundings.

2. System is classified into the following three types.

Open system: 

This is a system in which there is exchange of energy and matter between system and surroundings. 

Closed system:

This is a system in which there is no exchange of matter, but exchange of energy is possible between system and the surroundings.

Isolated system: 

This is a system in which there is no exchange of energy or matter between the system and the surroundings.

3. Open system: 

Presence of reactants in an open beaker 

Closed system: 

Presence of reactants in a closed vessel made of conducting material 

Isolated system: 

Presence of reactants in a thermos flask or any other closed insulated vessel

The two types of heat capacities are heat capacity at constant pressure (C_p) and heat capacity at constant volume (C_v). These two are related as C_p – C_v = R, where R is the universal gas constant.

1. Open system 

2. Closed system 

3. Isolated system

1. Enthalpy of solution is the enthalpy change associated with the addition of a specified amount of solute to the specified amount of solvent at a constant temperature and pressure.

2. Enthalpy of dilution is the heat withdrawn from the surroundings when additional solvent is added to the solution. It is dependent on the original concentration of the solution and the amount of solvent added.

In a reversible process the total change in entropy is ∆s(universe) is Zero.

1. ∆S is negative

2. (i) ∆_fH = \(\frac{-1840}{2}\) = -920 kJ mol^-1 

(ii) Heat liberated during the formation of 1 mole (36.5 g) of HCl = 920 kJ 

∴ Heat liberated during the formation of 365 g of HCl = 9200 kJ

1. 

2. w = -p∆V = -1 × (6 – 2) 

= – 4 L atm

(b) The internal energy of one mole of a substance is same at any temperature or pressure

We have, q = C × ∆T 

At constant volume, q_v = C_v × ∆T = ∆U 

At constant pressure, q_p = C_p × ∆T = ∆H 

For 1 mole of an ideal gas, 

∆H = ∆U + ∆(pV) = ∆U + ∆(RT) = ∆U + R∆T 

∴ ∆H = ∆U + R∆T 

On putting the values of ∆H and ∆U, 

C_p ∆T = C_v ∆T + R∆T 

C_p = C_v + R 

C_p – C_v = R, which is the Meyer’s relationship.

Heat absorbed by the system, (q) = + 701 J

 Work done by the system (w) = – 304 J 

Change in internal energy (∆U) = q + w 

= 701 – 394 

= 307 J

A balanced chemical equation together with the value of its ∆_rH is called a thermochemical equation.

1. ∆U= q + w = 9 + w = 701J – 394 J = 307J 

2. Expansion of a gas in vacuum is called free expansion. No work is done during free expansion of an ideal gas whether the process is reversible or irreversible.

1. ∆G = ∆H – T∆S 

2. Gibbs equation or Gibbs-Helmholtz equation. 

3. This relation is used to predict the spontaneity of a process based on the value of ∆G . If ∆G is negative, the process is spontaneous. If ∆G is positive, the process is non-spontaneous.

1. The lattice enthalpy of an ionic compound is the enthalpy change which occurs when one mole of an ionic compound dissociates into its ions in gaseous state.

2. It is a simplified method developed by Max Born and Fritz Haberto correlate lattice enthalpy of ionic compounds to other thermodynamic data.

1. Negative 

2. Negative 

3. Positive 

4. Positive 

5. Negative

1. ∆U= q + w w = work done 

q = heat absorbed 

2. G = H- TS or ∆G= ∆H – T∆S

3.  In the case of spontaneous process 

∆G = -ve

1. Enthalpy of formation is the enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements in their most stable states of aggregation (i.e., reference state). 

2. Zero

(b) SnCl₂; BH₃; AlCl₃

lattice energy

1. It is the enthalpy change when one mole of a solid is converted into its liquid at its melting point.

2. Enthalpy of fusion of ice is 6 kJ/mol. From this it is clear that 6 kJ of energy is required to convert one mole of ice (18 g) into water at 0°C.

1. Neutralisation.

2. When one equivalent of HCl (36.5 g) reacts completely with one equivalent of NaOH (40 g), 57.1 kJ energy is liberated.

1. It is the enthalpy change on breaking one mole of bonds completely to obtain atoms in the gas phase. 

2. It is the enthalpy change observed on dissolving the substance in an infinite amount of solvent when the interactions between the ions or solute molecules are negligible.

Correct option:  (2) x = y + z

Correct option (1)  2Cu₂S  + 3O₂ + Δ →2Cu₂O + 2SO₂

Explanation:

(2Cu₂S  + 3O₂ + Δ →2Cu₂O + 2SO₂  is roasting process as Cu₂S is sulphide ore.

Recently I have heard a very interesting story. There is a boy of 10 years who says that when he was of 3 or 4 years he was visited by an alien who belonged to some other planet. But their heart was same so they communicated with each other and had friendship forever. They over came their differences and helped each-other. The boy also helped the alien to go back to his home planet. 

Yes, Indian films have some weaknesses like they put songs in the movie when there is no need at all. Even they look far away from reality and commonhoods because of the baseless scenes and dialogues. The same thing I found in the film—'Bade-Miyan Chote-Miyan'. The characters, the story and even dialogues are not impressive. It also lacks some connectivity factor. 

उच्च दाब पर एक तरल पदार्थ की तुलना में एक उच्च क्वथनांक होता है जब वह तरल वायुमंडलीय दबाव पर होता है। उदाहरण के लिए, समुद्र तल पर 100 ° C (212 ° F) पर पानी उबलता है, लेकिन 93.4 ° C (200.1 ° F) पर 1,905 मीटर (6,250 फीट) की ऊँचाई पर। किसी दिए गए दबाव के लिए, अलग-अलग तरल पदार्थ अलग-अलग तापमान पर उबालेंगे।

Mediclaim Insurance was primarily introduced to cover Hospitalization charges. 

Dry skin is due to lack of lubrication from the sebaceous glands Some potential causes of dry or dehydrated skin on the face include:

1 cold weather. 

2 dry air. 

3 exposure to harsh chemicals in soaps or other products. 

4 washing the skin excessively. 

5 unbalanced skin pH. 

6 skin conditions, such as atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and psoriasis. 

7 diabetes. 

8 hypothyroidism.

Stick foundation

1. The coverage is heavy and is perfect for covering up blemishes, scars, reddened areas and dark under-eye circles. 

2. They are best suited for normal to oily skin. 

3. It is recommended to apply stick foundation only to the problem area. Rest area can be covered by regular liquid or cream foundation.

(a) Valued

In Valued policy a fixed amount is paid as compensation irrespective of the loss.

(d) Governor-General

(b) Indian Revenues

One year period are fire insurance policies is sued.

Correct option is c) Assertion is correct but Reason is wrong

Correct option is c. A is true but R is not correct explanation of A

c) Assertion is correct but Reason is wrong 

I will choose the second alternative as it is efficient and time and money saving method. 

Fiscal policy is the means by which a government adjusts its spending levels and tax rates to monitor and influence a nation's economy.

A price floor is the lowest legal price that can be paid in a market for goods and services, labor, or financial capital. Perhaps the best-known example of a price floor is the minimum wage, which is based on the normative view that someone working full time ought to be able to afford a basic standard of living.

Price floors are sometimes called price supports because they support a price by preventing it from falling below a certain level.

Price floors prevent a price from falling below a certain level.

When a price floor is set above the equilibrium price, quantity supplied will exceed quantity demanded, and excess supply or surpluses will result.

When government laws regulate prices instead of letting market forces determine prices, it is known as price control.

Effects of Price Floor: 

(i) Minimum Return: Farmers are ensured with the minimum returns as their products are completely sold in the market at comparatively higher price. This leads to an increase in their level of income. 

(ii) Maximum Level of output: The government ensures to buy the full produce of the farmers which are not sold in the market at the price floor. Hence, they are able to produce the maximum level of output. 

(iii) Burden on Government: It also puts extra burden on the government revenues. It becomes mandatory for the government to purchase the excess produce, even if it runs a sufficient volume of buffer stocks. 

(iv) Higher Taxes: The government also tries to shift the burden (associated with purchasing the excess produce at higher price) to the consumers and the traders in form of higher taxes.