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The Payment Committee should comprise the following: 

a. GP Head/Sarpanch or Traditional Tribal Head (or Mukhiya in Scheduled Areas) 

b. GP member from the ward where the works have been executed 

c. Two women SHG members, (wherever applicable) 

d. At least three MGNREGA workers from the GP, out of whom at least one should be a woman and at least one should be from SC/ST 

e. School headmaster/teacher.

Payment Committee is to be constituted by the DPC by inviting nominations from concerned GP and PO.

In districts/blocks/GPs, where the penetration and network of banks and post offices is weak, PIAs may disburse wages in cash. However, this may be resorted to only with prior intimation to the Ministry and approval of the State Government who will be responsible for ensuring the requisite security for this purpose. Every effort must be made to video record the cash payment process.

HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the set of markup symbols or codes inserted into a file intended for display on the Internet. The markup tells web browsers how to display a web page's words and images.

common name Allyl Bromide 

1)Power is shared among different organs of government such as Legislature, executive and judiciary . this is known as horizontal distribution.

2)Power can be shared among different level of government such as central and state level.
This is known as vertical distribution.

3)Power can also shared among different social groups.

4)Power sharing arrangements can also be seen in the way political parties, pressure groups and movements.

Correct option is: B. A(B+C)=AB+AC

Correct option: a. by resisting and mordanting.

Correct option: c. to resist the penetration of dyes

The continuous use of devices like smartphones, computer desktop, laptops, head phones etc cause a lot of health hazards if not addressed. These are:

i. Impact on bones and joints: wrong posture or long hours of sitting in an uncomfortable position can cause muscle or bone injury.

ii. Impact on hearing: using headphones or earphones for a prolonged time and on high volume can cause hearing problems and in severe cases hearing impairments.

iii. Impact on eyes: This is the most common form of health hazard as prolonged hours of screen time can lead to extreme strain in the eyes.

iv. Sleep problem: Bright light from computer devices block a hormone called melatonin which helps us sleep. Thus we can experience sleep disorders leading to short sleep cycles.

Correct option: a. suraj ka phool, chakri, anguthi, gende ka phool.

We call this type of activity as Digital Footprints

Risk involved :

It includes websites we visit emails we send, and any information we submit online etc., along with the computer’s IP address, location, and other device specific details. Such data could be used for targeted advertisement or could also be misused or exploited.

Correct option: a. Bagru

Correct option is: D. LM+MNO+MPQ

Net Ettiquets refers to the proper manners and behaviour we need to exhibit while being online.

These include :

1. No copyright violation: we should not use copyrighted materials without the permission of the creator or owner. We should give proper credit to owners/creators of open source content when using them.

2. Avoid cyber bullying: Avoid any insulting, degrading 

or intimidating online behaviour like repeated

posting of rumours, giving threats online,

posting the victim’s personal information,

or comments aimed to publicly ridicule a victim.

Correct option: a. 1856, coal tar

Correct option: a) Dr. S. R. Ranganathan

(a) Dr. S.R. Ranganathan

Dr. S.R. Ranganathan proposed the “Five Laws of Library Science.”

Issues for best library building plan: 

• Plan should be based on simplicity, efficiency, economy and flexibility 
• Provision of material lighting and proper ventilation 
• Free from the danger of the fire though adjacent building 
• Provision for future expansion 
• Building should be centrally located 
• Must have a seating capacity for the anticipated increase in the student /users 
• Well connected through a public road.

Need and purpose:

• Self survival in the new environment 
• Speeding up the operation 
• Accuracy and Reliability 
• Budget saving 
• Automatic statistics generation

Benefits from computerization:

• Improved customer service 
• Cataloguing improvement 
• Easier access 
• Better organised collections 
• Lasting effects

Need and purpose of Library Automation are:

i. Accuracy and Reliability: It removes the possibility of data error and yields the user a reliable service. 

ii. Time saving: Saves the time of library staff as well as user. 

iii. Statistics generation: Helps to generate multiple statistics. 

iv. Library Service: It helps to give better access to resources within library and elsewhere and improve the quality of library services. 

v. Resource Sharing: It makes resource sharing possible as data of the library becomes sharable among libraries.

vi. Dissemination of information: The automation provides capability to disseminate information about the resources and services of the library through web. 

vii. OPAC 

viii. Enhancement of Library Management:

A C program to rearrange the elements of an array so that those originally stored at odd suffixes are placed before those at even suffixs:

main()

{

char a[25],ch,temp;

int i;

clrscr();

printf ("\nEnter the string:-> ");

gets(a);

for (i=0;a[i]!='\0';i++)

{

if (a[i+1]=='\0')break;

temp=a[i];

a[i]=a[i+1];

a[i+1]=temp;

i++;

}

puts(a); getch();

}  

Application software: Application software is designed to perform a particular task or a group of tasks to satisfy the needs of a particular environment.

Purpose of Library Automation software (LAS):

i. With the help of LAS, the repetitive work may be done in very less time and with accuracy. 

ii. The application of LAS saves the precious time of the library users as it provides them quick and accurate information service. 

iii. The LAS facilitates to update, edit and replace the existing data and different information which make day to day task easier. 

iv. The LAS has the provision of creating different reports which helps in managing the library functions and further planning and designing better services to the users.

(d) par-tic-u-lar

Correct option: (b) Below the D.P.T. of air 

Correct answer is

c. Because it results in progressive shrinkage when subjected to the tumbling action of a washing machine.

The correct answer is Fiber optic

• Fiber optics (optical fibers) are long, thin strands of very pure glass about the diameter of a human hair. They are arranged in bundles called optical cables and used to transmit light signals over long distances.

• If you look closely at a single optical fiber, you will see that it has the following parts:

• Hundreds of thousands of these optical fibers are arranged in bundles in optical cables. The bundles are protected by the cable's outer covering, called a jacket.

• Optical fibers come in two types:

I asked Rajkumar some questions to correct him. 

(i) Are the magnetic field lines, closed or open loops ? 

(ii) How do the field lines behave inside the magnet ? 

(iii) Why is the magnetic compass needle following a curved path from one pole to another ? 

(iv) What do field lines indicate ? 

(v) What is the direction of the field line inside the magnet ? 

(vi) Is the direction of field lines, from its south pole or north pole ?

To explain the bond angle in the molecules with three or more than three atoms with all atoms attached to a central atom through covalent bond Valence - Shell - Electron- Pair - Repulsion Theory was proposed by Sidgwick and Powell and further improved by Gillespie and Nyholm.

Important Postulates : 

(i) VSEPR Theory considers electrons in the valence shell which are in covalent bonds and in lone pair as charge clouds that repel one another and stay as far apart as possible. This is the reason why molecule gets specific shapes. 

(ii) By knowing the total number of electron pairs in the valence shell as covalent bonds and lone pairs in the central atom, it will help us to predict the arrangement of those pairs around the nucleus of the central atom and from that the shape of the molecule. 

(iii) Lone pairs occupy more space around the central atom than bond pairs. Lone pair means unshared electron pairs or non-bond pairs and are shared by two nuclei. 

(iv) The presence of lone pairs on the central atom causes slight distortion of the bond angles from the expected regular shape. If the angle between lone pair and bond pair increases at the central atom due to more repulsion, the actual bond angles between atoms must be decreased.

(i) The neutral salt among A, B, C is "C" 

(ii) When some drops of phenolphthalein is added to the substance 'B', the aqueous solution turns into 'pink' colour.

Construction and principle of operation of Moving Coil Microphone:

A moving coil microphone functions on the basic principle of Electromagnetic induction. It has a copper wire coil, which when moves in the magnetic field a voltage is generated. Then it is induced in the coil in proportion to its amplitude of vibration, which, in turn, depends on the sound pressure.

A moving coil microphone contains a diaphragm, which is exposed to sound waves. The diaphragm carries a coil placed in the magnetic field.

You will find there are many kinds of moving coil microphones. One of them is the Shure SM58, which is a classic microphone. This is an industry standard microphone designed mainly for live performances. They are strong and yet they do not require high power. They are used in some cases in studios for instrument recordings. Moving coil microphone is also the first choice for the snare drums, and also very popular on electric guitar amplifiers.

Advantages of Moving coil microphone:

• Moving coil microphones are cheap and forceful 
• One of the biggest advantages of a moving coil microphone is the rugged construction of these microphones for rough use. 
• They are also ideal as they have high sound pressure level. It is a strong device and it is impossible to break one without intentionally doing so. 
• They are durable and can withstand pressure of any kind.

Applications of Moving coil microphone:

This microphones are commonly used for various live performances

Correct option: (b) Dual Tone multiple frequency

Correct option: (d) Multi trace Oscilloscope

Co – operative credit societies are societies formed for providing short-term financial help to their members. Agriculturists, artisans, industrial workers, salaried employees, etc., form these credit societies.

The first middleman in the trade or distribution is called wholesaler. A wholesaler buys goods directly from manufacturers and sells them to the retailers.

Features:

1. Wholesalers buy goods directly from producers. 

2. Wholesalers buy goods in large quantities and sell in small quantities. 

3. Wholesalers sell different varieties of a particular kind of product.

General utility functions: 

1. Accepting bills on behalf of customers: Banks accept bills on behalf of customers and make payments to the foreign exporter.

2. Issue of demand drafts and Banker’s cheques: Demand drafts and banker’s cheques are issued to the public and customers. 

3. Safety lockers: Valuable documents, jewels can be kept in a vault provided by the bank for rent.

The primary functions of a commercial bank are of three types. They are:

(I) Accepting Deposits – The basic deposit accounts offered by commercial banks are listed below:

1. Demand Deposits: These deposits are repayable on demand on any day. 

These consist of –

• Savings Deposits: General public deposit their savings into this account. This account can be opened in one individual’s name or more than one name.
• Current Deposits: This account is suitable for business institutions. Individuals too . can open this account. A higher minimum balance should be kept in this account.

2. Time Deposits: These are repayable after a period. These include –

• Fixed Deposits (FD): Certain amount is deposited for a fixed period for a fixed rate of interest.
• Recurring Deposits (RD): Certain sum is deposited into the account every month for one year or five years or the agreed period. Interest rate is more than savings deposits and almost equal to fixed deposits.

(II) Granting Loans and Advances: Commercial banks lend money in order to earn interest.

1. Advances

• Overdraft: It is a credit facility extended mostly to current account holding business community customers.
• Cash Credit: It is a secured credit facility given mostly to business institutions. Stock in hand, raw materials, other tangible assets, etc., are provided as collateral.
• Discounting of Bills: Business customers approach banks to discount the commercial bills of exchanges and provide money.

2. Loans – Short term and medium term loans are provided by commercial banks against eligible collaterals to business concerns. 

Examples – housing loan, consumer loan, vehicle loan, educational loan, jewel loan, etc.

3. Creation of Credit – Apart from the currency money issued by the RBI, the credit money in circulation created by commercial banks influence economic activities of a country to a large extent. Credit money of commercial banks is far greater in volume than the currency money.

The Correct option is D. x-rays

B. the average distance a molecule travels between collisions

B. the reciprocal of the molecular cross-sectional area

D. the reciprocal of the molecular concentration

C. increases in proportion to T

Criteria for selecting marble for making 'formers' for inductance coils:

• It is a non-magnetic material.
• It is comparatively cheap.
• It can be easily machined. 
• Increased mechanical resistance
• Higher resistance for high temperatures
• Better electrical isolation

'It has a very small co-efficient of thermal expansion' is NOT the reason behind selecting marble for making 'formers' for inductance coils.

(2) increases for conductors but decreases for semiconductors

For conductors a is (+)ve 

For semiconductors & Insulators a is (–)ve

The correct answer is Hematite.

• Hematite
  • It is one of the most abundant minerals on Earth's surface.
  • It is an ore of iron.
  • It is a common rock-forming mineral found in sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks at locations throughout the world.
  • The mineral is used to produce pigments, preparations for heavy media separation, radiation shielding, ballast, and many other products.

• Malachite
  • It is an ore of copper.
  • It was one of the first ores used to produce copper metal.
  • It has been used as a gemstone.
• Bauxite
  • It consists mostly of aluminium minerals.
  • It forms when laterite soils are severely leached of silica and other soluble materials in a wet tropical or subtropical climate.
• Chromite
  • It is the main source of metal chromium.
  • It is dark grey to black in colour with a metallic to submetallic lustre and high specific gravity.

Concept:

Stiffness is the extent to which an object resists deformation in response to an applied force.

The complementary concept is flexibility or pliability: the more flexible an object is, the less stiff it is.

The stiffness k, of a body is a measure of the resistance offered by an elastic body to deformation.

For an elastic body with a single degree of freedom (DOF) (for example, stretching or compression of a rod), the stiffness is defined as

k = F / δ

F is the force on the body

δ is the displacement produced by the force along the same degree of freedom (for instance, the change in length of a stretched spring)

Stiffness is typically measured in newtons per meter (N/m)

Stiffness dimension is [MLT^-2] / [L] = [ML⁰T^-2]

Important Points: