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1. Normal physiology and development : Transgenic animals are specifically designed to allow studying about. 

• How the genes are regulated. 
• How the gene affects normal functioning of body. 
• How it affects growth and development. E.g. insulin like growth factor. The animals are made transgenic to know the biological effect and result. 

2. Study of disease : 

Transgenic animals are designed to understand how genes contribute to the development of disease like cancers, cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer’s. 

3. Biological products : 

Transgenic animals are used to produce biological product of human interest : 

• ∞ -1 antitrypsin used to treat emphysema. 
• Proteins for treatment for PKU and cystic fibrosis. 
• Transgenic cow Rosie, produce human protein enriched milk (2.4 gm / lit. human a – lactalbumin). 

4. Vaccine safety 

• Transgenic mice are being developed and use in testing the safety of vaccines before they are used for humans. 
• Polio vaccine is tested in mice. 
• Chemical safety testing 
• This is also known as tocicity / safety testing. 
• Transgenic animals are used to know the effects of toxic chemicals.

• Knowledge of the nature and habits of honey bees. 
• Selection of suitable location for keeping the beehives. 
• Catching and hiving of swarms (group of bees) 
• Management of beehives during different seasons. 
• Handling and collection of honey and of beeswax.

(b) (A) is correct (R) is incorrect

(b) Social environment

The correct answer is Air Marshal.

• The highest rank in the Indian Air Force is the Marshal of the Indian Air Force.
• Which is conferred by the president of India after special service during the war.
• The Indian Air Force is headed by the Chief of Air Staff, who holds the post of Air Chief Marshal.
• Marshal of the Airforce -
  • The Marshal of the Airforce is the highest rank of the Indian Air force (IAF).
  • It is a title found during the war.
  • This is the five-star rank.
  • Marshal of the airforce Arjan Singh has been the only Marshal of the Airforce in the IAF.
• Air Chief Marshal-
  • It is the second-largest rank of the Indian Air Force.
  • It is a four-star rank.
  • Only Chief Marshal takes the position of Chief of the Air Staff (CAS).
• Air Marshal-
  • It is ranked third in the Indian Air Force.
  • Many senior officers hold this position.

•  Rank commissioned officer

1. Air Chief Marshal
2. Air Marshals
3. Air Vice Marshals
4. Air Commodore
5. Group Captain
6. Wing Commander 
7. Squad leader
8. Flight Lieutenant (Aviation Captain)
9. Flying officers
10. Pilot officer

The correct answer is 24.

• The national flag has three horizontal stripes of equal proportions in the tricolour -
  • The saffron colour at the top
  • White at the middle 
  • Green at the bottom.
• The length-width ratio of the flag is 3: 2. There is a blue circle in the middle of the white stripe.
• The saffron colour at the top shows the strength and courage of the country.
• The white stripe in the middle is a sign of peace and truth with the Dharma Chakra.
• The green colour signifies the auspiciousness, growth, and fertility of the country.
• Its format is taken from the chakra built on the Lion Pillar of Ashoka in Sarnath.
• Its diameter is approximately equal to the width of the white band and it has 24 spokes.
• The constituent assembly of India adopted the format of the national flag on 22 July 1947.

• The Indian national flag tricolour was designed by Pingali Venkayya.
• The "National Flag" symbolizes the independence and sovereignty of any country.
• In 1947 a committee was formed under the chairmanship of Rajendra Prasad to select the national flag of India.
• The Supreme Court in 2002 declared the right to hoist the flag as a fundamental right under Article 19 (i) (a) of the constitution.

The correct answer is Shaurya Chakra.

• The Ashok Chakra Class-III was renamed as the Shaurya Chakra in 1967.
  • The medal was originally established on 4 January 1952 as the "Ashoka Chakra, Class I".
  • As the first step of a three-class sequence of non-combatant bravery decorations.
  • In 1967, these decorations were removed from the "class-based" system and renamed as the Ashoka Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra. 
  • The Ashoka Chakra is India's highest peacetime military decoration awarded for valour, courageous action or self-sacrifice away from the battlefield.
  • Flt. Lt. Suhas Biswas was the first Indian Air Force officer to be awarded the Ashoka Chakra.
  • A recipient can be awarded the Kirti Chakra or Shaurya Chakra in addition for separate acts of gallantry.
• Hence, option 1 is correct. 

• Kirti Chakra :
  • Kirti Chakra was known as Ashok Chakra, Class II before 1967.
  • The Kirti Chakra is an Indian military decoration awarded for valour, courageous action or self-sacrifice away from the field of battle.
  • It may be awarded to civilians as well as military personnel, including posthumous awards.
  • It is the peacetime equivalent of the Maha Vir Chakra.
• Mahavir Chakra :
  • The Maha Vir Chakra is the second-highest military decoration in India, after the Param Vir Chakra.
  • It is awarded for acts of conspicuous gallantry in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea or in the air.
  • It replaced the British Distinguished Service Order.
  • The medal may be awarded posthumously.
• Vir Chakra :
  • Vir Chakra is an Indian gallantry award presented for acts of gallantry in the presence of the enemy on the battlefield.
  • It replaced the British Distinguished Service Cross, Military Cross and Distinguished Flying Cross.
  • Award of the decoration carries with it the right to use Vr.C. as a postnominal abbreviation.

1. Nuclear forces is a strongest force in nature. 

2. They are short range forces 

3. They are charge independent

Optical fiber is used by telecommunications companies to transmit telephone signals, Internet communication and cable television signals. It is also used in other industries, including medical, defense, government, industrial and commercial.

(a) The eldest child of Shahjahan was Jahanara.

(b) When Shahjahan became ill, his son Aurangzeb put him into the jail.

(c) Before the death of Shahjahan, Jahanara stayed with him and took care of him.

(d) After the death of Shahjahan, Jahanara returned back to her own place.

(a) I tried a lot to make a compromise, but in vain.

(b) I have seen many ups and downs in life.

(c) Shakespeare was a man of letters.

Title: Value of Discipline

To move orderly in life and to work with respect for rules is known as discipline. Discipline is required in every walk of life. Nature is the best teacher for learning discipline. Without discipline we cannot succeed in life. Discipline is necessary for the progress of nation.

Correct option is A) train

Correct option is B) states

Correct option is B) deserted

Correct option is B) wholly / true

Correct option is A) persuade

Correct option is D) suggest

Correct option is A) parcel

One day two cats were quarrelling over a cake. They both claimed that the cake belonged to him. They kept on quarrelling for a long time. But they did not know what to do. Then they went to a monkey. The monkey was noted for his wisdom. They asked him to share the cake between themselves. The monkey intentionally cut the cake into two unequal parts. To make them equal the monkey ate a small piece of the bigger piece. Now that piece became smaller. Then the monkey ate the second piece. Then it became smaller. Thus the monkey repeated the same trick several times and ate up all  the cake. Then the two cats went away disappointedly.

Correct option is A) alert

1. a) intellectual 

b) completely 

c) prize 

d) died

2. a) organisation 

b) development 

c) thrill 

d) tools

3. a) overjoyed 

b) good 

c) laughing 

d) consequence

4. a) quality 

b) advanced

c) instruments 

d) changes

Need of efficient garbage system – Role of community and government in bringing UP cleanliness 

Guntur, 

24 – 10 – 20xx.

Guntur city is facing a severe problem of inefficient garbage system. A huge quantity of domestic wastes including kitchen wastes, vegetable peels, paper wastes and hazardous hospital wastes are produced daily. Due to the lack of proper disposal system, many health problems are prevailing in the city. There is an urgent need to establish an eco-friendly waste disposal system. People have to play a key role in reducing the quantity of domestic wastes by practising 3 R’s principle (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). Government has to take necessary steps to solve this problem by implementing the best solid waste management methods like incineration and sanitary landfills. Otherwise people will suffer from different ailments.

The great scholar and poet has died.

Explanation:

• The dead sea is located in Israel.
• It is known as the most saline water body on the earth.
• Because of the large amount of salt present in the water, its density is very high.
• It is said that humans don't sink in the dead sea, they will keep floating.
• It is called the dead sea as no living organism can live in its highly saline water.

• Salinity is the amount of salt in grams present in 1000 grams of water.
• The average salinity of the oceans is 35 parts per thousand. 
• The salinity of the dead sea is around 340 grams per litre of water

⇒ The Dead Sea is a sea which is saltiest of all oceans and seas

(d) Let the two numbers be x and (x + 2). 

Then, x² + (x + 2)² = 6500 

x² + x² + 4x + 4 = 6500 

2x² + 4x – 6496 = 0 

x² + 2x – 3248 = 0 

x² + 58x – 56x – 3248 = 0 

(x + 58) (x – 56) = 0 

x = 56

(d) Let the smaller number be x 

x (x + 2) = 5358 

x² + 2x – 5328 = 0

(x + 74) (x – 42) = 0 

x = 72 

(b) Let the numbers be x and (x + 2) 

Then, x × (x + 2) = 582168 

x ² + 2x – 582168 = 0 

x² + 764x – 762x – 582168 = 0 

(x + 764) (x – 762) = 0 

x = 762

(c) They will be together at the starting point after the L.C.M of 36, 48 and 42 L.C.M. of 36, 48, 42 = 1008 seconds

(e) 3/5=0.6, 1/8= 0.125

8/11=0.727, 4/9= 0.44

2/7=0.285, 5/7=0.714

5/12=0.416

Descending order :

8/11, 5/7, 3/5, 4/9, 5/12, 2/7, 1/8

So, 3/5 is the third.

The answer is 0

sin²\(\frac{\pi}{10}\) + sin²\(\frac{4\pi}{10}\) + sin²\(\frac{6\pi}{10}\) + sin²\(\frac{9\pi}{10}\)

 = sin²\(\frac{\pi}{10}\) +  sin²\(\frac{4\pi}{10}\)   + sin²(\(\pi-\frac{4\pi}{10}\)) + sin²(\(\pi-\frac{\pi}{10}\))

 =  sin²\(\frac{\pi}{10}\) +  sin²\(\frac{4\pi}{10}\)  + sin²\(\frac{6\pi}{10}\) + sin²\(\frac{\pi}{10}\)

 = 2 ( sin²\(\frac{\pi}{10}\) +  sin²\(\frac{4\pi}{10}\) )

 = 2(sin²(\(\frac{\pi}{10}\)) + sin²(\(\frac\pi2-\frac\pi{10}\)))

 = 2 (sin²\(\frac{\pi}{10}\) + cos²\(\frac{\pi}{10}\))

 = 2 x 1 = 2 

(\(\because\) sin²θ + cos²θ = 1)

Given:

Let marks obtained by P and Q in unit test be 3a and 4a respectively.

⇒ (3a + 5) : (4a + 5) = 7 : 9

⇒ 27a + 45 = 28a + 35

⇒ a = 10

The original marks obtained by P = 3 × 10 = 30

The original marks obtained by Q = 4 × 10 = 40

∴ Required difference = 40 - 30 = 10

A couple consists of two equal and opposite forces acting with two different but parallel lines of action. Moment of a force is dependent on the distance from the pivot and the magnitude of the force while the moment of a couple is the net effect of the two moments of the forces.

Tamil Nadu is the highest producer of bananas and coconuts in the whole country. It is also a leading state in production of other crops such as sugarcane, cotton, kambu, corn, rye, groundnut and oil seeds.

The wages low in the agricultural sector due to Labour productivity cannot increase in the agricultural sector as the marginal productivity of land goes on decreasing. Therefore wages remain low resulting in poverty.

Industrial Policy of Tamil Nadu:
Tamil Nadu enjoys growth and has excellent infrastructure. A straggly established cluster and political stability are the major advantages. The state government has a pro-active industrial policy and is very encouraging when it comes to SEZs.
Important industrial policies:
(a) Tamil Nadu Industrial Policy – 2014
(b) Implementation of Industrial Policy – 2015
(c) Tamilnadu State Environmental Policy – 2014
(d) Tamilnadu SEZs Policy – 2013
(e) Tamilnadu Automobiles and Auto Parts Policy – 2014
(f) Tamilnadu Biotechnology Policies – 2014

Culture is the patterns of learned and shared behavior and beliefs of a particular social, ethnic, or age group. It can also be described as the complex whole of collective human beliefs with a structured stage of civilization that can be specific to a nation or time period.