Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

(a) Promoter
Promoter is a region of DNA that helps in initiating the process of transcription. It serves as the binding site for RNA polymerase.
(b) tRNA
tRNA or transfer RNA is a small RNA that reads the genetic code present on mRNA. It carries specific amino acid to mRNA on ribosome during translation of proteins.
(c) Exons
Exons are coding sequences of DNA in eukaryotes that transcribe for proteins.

Human genome project was considered to be a mega project because it had a specific goal to sequence every base pair present in the human genome. It took around 13 years for its completion and got accomplished in year 2006. It was a large scale project, which aimed at developing new technology and generating new information in the field of genomic studies. As a result of it, several new areas and avenues have opened up in the field of genetics, biotechnology, and medical sciences. It provided clues regarding the understanding of human biology.

DNA fingerprinting is a technique used to identify and analyse the variations in various individuals at the level of DNA. It is based on variability and polymorphism in DNA sequences.
Application

•  It is used in forensic science to identify potential crime suspects.
•  It is used to establish paternity and family relationships.

•  It is used to identify and protect the commercial varieties of crops   and livestock.
•  It is used to find out the evolutionary history of an organism and trace out the linkages between groups of various organisms.

The difference between popular struggles in Nepal and Bolivia are as follows : 

(i) The movement in Nepal was to establish democracy, while the struggle in Bolivia involved claims on an elected democratic govt. 

(ii) 'The popular struggle in Bolivia was about one specific policy i.e., privatisation of water while the struggle in Nepal was the foundation of the country's politics. 

(iii) The protest in Nepal was led by a political party, (SPA) while in Bolivia it was led by a pressure group (FEDECOR). 

(iv) The impact of these struggles was at different levels. The impact of the struggle in Nepal was for the entire world, while in Bolivia it was only for the citizens of the country.

(1 – 5), 

(2 – 4), 

(3 – 1), 

(4 – 2).

The correct answer is Chapter XV of the Criminal Procedure Code.

• Section 15 in The Code Of Criminal Procedure
  • Complaints to Magistrates are contained in Chapter XV of the Criminal Procedure Code. Hence, Option 3 is correct.
  • Every Chief Judicial Magistrate shall be subordinate to the Sessions Judge; and every other Judicial Magistrate shall, subject to the general control of the Sessions Judge, be subordinate to the Chief Judicial Magistrate.
  • The Chief Judicial Magistrate may, from time to time, make rules or give special orders, consistent with this Code, as to the distribution of business among the Judicial Magistrates subordinate to him.

• The Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPc) 
  • It is a procedural law that came into force on April 1, 1974.
  • The Criminal Procedure Law has been designed to create legal machinery for the detection of crime, apprehension of suspected criminals, collection of evidence, determination of the guilt or innocence of a suspect, and imposing suitable punishment on the guilty person.
  • It is important to note that this procedural law is not wholly procedural or adjective in nature.
  • The following study material will help students get a comprehensive understanding of the Criminal Procedure Law and its provisions.
  • It consists of 13 Modules that take an in-depth look at the Code of Criminal Procedure.

The correct answer is 10 December 1948.

•  The Declaration was adopted by the UN General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 during its 183rd plenary meeting.
• It is a milestone document in the history of human rights.
• It is drafted by representatives from different legal and cultural backgrounds from all regions of the world.
• It declares that human rights are universal – to be enjoyed by all people, no matter who they are or where they live.
• The Universal Declaration includes civil and political rights, like the right to life, liberty, free speech and privacy. It also includes economic, social and cultural rights, like the right to social security, health and education.
• Please note that the Universal Declaration is not a treaty, so it does not directly create legal obligations for countries.

Vaccination:-

Antibody provoding agents aretermed vaccines. The protect human and domestic animals against infections from viruses and vacteria.

The process of vaccins to inter the body of living brings are known as vaccination. Toxoid killed vaccine, altenuated living vaccine, antigens isolated from infectius persons and antibodies and different kinds of vaccinus. Edward Jenner father of Emmunology prepared the small pox vaccine in 1906.

Immunisation:-

The system of animal body which protects it from various infectious agents and disease in termied imunisition. Our body has allready capecity to immunity.

Neutrons:

• A 'Neutron' is a subatomic particle, symbol n or n⁰, which has a neutral charge and a mass slightly greater than that of a proton. 
• The Neutron is essential to the production of nuclear power.
• In the decade after the neutron was discovered by James Chadwick in 1932.
• Protons and Neutrons constitute the nuclei of atoms.​

​Thus, J. Chadwick discovered the presence of neutrons inside an atom.

He is used as a diluent for oxygen in modern diving apparatus because of its very low solubility in blood. 

Two advantages of using fresh fruits 

• They are cheap 
• More nutritious

The heart is a key organ for blood circulation and double circulation provides an effective way of circulation. In double circulation, blood follows two routes- one for oxygenated blood and other for deoxygenated blood. The blood vessels responsible for carrying out double circulation: 

• Pulmonary artery: it takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs. 

• Aorta: it carries oxygenated blood to body tissues 

• Pulmonary vein: it carries oxygenated blood 

• Vena cava: it takes deoxygenated blood. 

Fish have a single circuit for blood flow and a two chambered heart that has only a single atrium and a single ventricle. Because blood leaves the gills and immediately circulates to the rest of the body, the heart does not require additional chambers. The blood then arrives back at the atrium. This is called systemic circulation.

Correct option: (4) Cell-mediated immune response

Explanation: 

The body is able to differentiate self and nonself and the cell-mediated response is responsible for graft rejection.

(i) Zero order reaction 

(ii) Slope = -k = \(\frac{d[R]}{dt}\)

(b) Requirement of bananas for 1 day in the canteen = 13 dozens 

Requirement of bananas for 9 weeks i.e. 63 days = 63 × 13 dozens = 63 × 13 × 12 = 9828.

(a) WWW—It stands for world wide web. It is a collection of static and dynamic web pages containing information (text, pictures, viders, graphics etc) for sharing with others.

(b) FAX—It stands for facsimile telegraphy. In this form of communication, electronic copy of a document is sent to distant places. The original written document is converted into trasmittable codes at the sending end. These codes are converted back into a copy of the original document at the receiving end.

Moment of inertia of a uniform disc about an axis perpendicular to its length = \(\frac{MR^2}{2}\)

= \(\frac{10 * (0.6)^2}{2}\)

= 1.8 kg.m²

Using Gauss law

E. ds = \(\frac{q}{\varepsilon_0}\)

E = \(\frac{q}{\varepsilon_0.ds}\)

E = \(\frac{10\times10^{-6}}{8.85\times10^{-12}\times4\pi R^2}\) 

E = \(\frac{10\times10^{-6}}{8.85\times10^{-12}\times4\times3.14(0.02)^2}\) 

E = 227.6 x 10⁶ N/C

E = 227 MN/C

The basic properties of photons are: 

(1) They have zero mass and zero rest energy. They only exist as the moving particles. (2)They have no electric charge.

The correct answer is Ravindranath Tagore.

• Ravindranath Tagore returned his title of 'knighthood' to the British to protest against the Jalianwala Bagh massacre.

• The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13^th April 1919.
  • Reginald Dyer ordered troops of the British Indian Army to fire their rifles into a crowd of unarmed Indian civilians.
  • At least 379 people were massacred and 1200 injured.
  • After this incident shocked Rabindranath Tagore (the first Indian and Asian Nobel laureate) to such an extent that he renounced his knighthood and stated that "such mass murderers aren't worthy of giving any title to anyone".

• Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi known as Mahatma Gandhi was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist, and political ethicist, who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule.
• Gopal Krishna Gokhale was an Indian liberal political leader and a social reformer during the Indian Independence Movement.

The correct answer is General Reginald E. H. Dyer.

• General Reginald E. H. Dyer ordered the shooting of peaceful protesters in the Jalianwala Bagh Massacre of 1919.

• The Jallianwala Bagh massacre is also known as the Amritsar massacre.
• The government of India passed the Rowlatt Acts in early 1919 which essentially extended the repressive wartime measures.
• The acts were met by widespread anger and Dyer was given the task of restoring order.
• He had put a ban on public gathering.
• A crowd of at least 10,000 men, women, and children gathered in the Jallianwala Bagh to protest peacefully which only had one exit.
• General Dyer and his soldiers arrived and sealed off the exit and opened fire on protestors.

• Micheal O' Dwyer
  • He was Lt. governor of Punjab when Jallianwalah massacre took place.
  • He was assassinated by Udham Singh in 1940.
• Lord Chelmsford
  • ​He was viceroy of India from 1916 to 1921.
  • He is known for introduction of Montague-Chelmsford reforms of 1919, also known as Government of India Act,1919.

The correct answer is Maharashtra.

• Melghat tiger reserve is located in the Amravati District of Maharashtra.
  • This reserve has Tapti River and the Gawilgadh ridge of the Satpura Range forming its boundaries.
  • It is one of the nine tiger reserves to be notified under Project tiger of 1973.

The correct answer is Uday Chand Mahtab.

• Uday Chand Mahtab was the Maharajadhiraja Bahadur of Bardhaman Raj.
• He was the last ruler of Burdwan Raj (1941 to 1955).
• He was the eldest son of Bijay Chand Mahtab.
• He was honoured by:
  • King George V Silver Jubilee Medal in 1935.
  • King George VI Coronation Medal in 1937.
  • Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire in 1945.

Suppose E ≡ px + qy + rz + t = 0 is a plane containing the line L. Let vector n₁ = (a₁, b₁, c₁) and vector n₂ (a₂, b₂, c₂) be the normals to E₁ = 0 and E₂ = 0, respectively. Hence, vector (n₁ x n₂) is parallel to the line L so that (b₁c₂ - b₂c₁ - c₂a₁, a₁b₂ - a₂b₁) are the DRs of the line L. Since one of the DRs is not zero, we consider that a₁b₂ - a₂b₁ ≠ 0. Therefore, the equations a₁x + a₂y = p and b₁x + b₂y = q are uniquely solvable for a non-zero solution and let x = λ₁ and y₁ = λ₂ be the solution. Therefore,

a₁λ₁ + a₂λ₂ = p and b₁λ₁ + b₂λ₂ = q. Let k = r - λ₁c₁ - λ₂c₂ and l = t - λ₁d₁ - λ₂d₂ so that

E ≡ λ₁(a₁x + b₁y + c₁z + d₁) + λ₂(a₂x + b₂y + c₂z + d₂) + kz + l = 0 ...(1)

Suppose P (x₁, y₁, z₁) and Q(x₂, y₂, z₂), where z₁ ≠ z₂, are points on line L. Therefore,

a₁x₁ + b₁y₁ + c₁z₁ + d₁ = 0

and a₂x₁ + b₂y₁ + c₂z₁ + d₂ = 0

so that point P(x₁, y₁, z₁) satisfies the equation E = 0 and similarly point Q(x₂, y₂, z₂) satisfies E = 0 [from Eq. (1)]. Therefore, kz₁ + l = 0, kz₂ + l = 0 and z₁ ≠ z₂

k = 0 and then l = 0. Hence, the equation of the plane E = 0 is of the for λ₁E₁ + λ₂E₂ = 0.

Given:

SP of 36 laptops = CP of 30 laptops

Formula used:

P = S.P. – C.P.

L = C.P. – S.P.

P% = (P/C.P.) × 100

L% = (L/C.P.) × 100

Where,

P → Profit 

L → Loss

SP → Selling price

CP → Cost price

Calculations:

Let the CP of 1 laptop be Rs.y and its SP be Rs.x.

So the SP of 36 laptops = 36x

And the CP of 30 laptops = 30y

According to the question,

36x = 30y

⇒ x ∶ y = 5 ∶ 6

Now let x and y be 5k and 6k respectively.

Since x < y

So L = 6k – 5k = k

L% = (L/CP) × 100

⇒ L% = (k/6k) × 100 = \(16{{2} \over 3}\)%

∴ The required Loss% is \(16{{2} \over 3}\)%.

• The right to be protected against the marketing of goods and services which are hazardous to life and property.
• The right to be informed about the quality, quantity, standard and prices of goods and services.
• The right to have access to a variety of goods and services at a reasonable price.
• The right to seek redressal against unfair trade practices or in case the product or service falls short of the expectations of the consumer.
• The right to consumer education.

Given:

Abhay's investment = Rs. 30,000

Bhawna's investment = Rs. 28,000

Total profit = Rs. 84,000

Concept used:

Divide the total profit according to investment ratio.

Calculations:

The total investment of Abhay in 8 months = 30000 × 8

The total investment of Bhawna in 4 months = 28000 × 12

The ratio of equivalent capitals of Abhay and Bhawna = (30000 × 8) ∶ (28000 × 12) = 5 ∶ 7

Thus Abhay’s share = 84000 × (5/12) = Rs. 35,000

∴ The share of Abhay is Rs. 35,000.

Given:

Investment of A = 2 × Investment of B (100% more)

Ratio of time duration for which amount is invested

A : B : C = 2 : 4 : 3

Share of C in profit = Rs 1080.

Concept used:

Profit earned = Amount invested × Time

Calculation:

Let B invests Rs. X

Then, A's investment = Rs. 2X

and C's investment = Rs. (2/5) × 2X  (40% = 2/5)

= 4/5X

ATQ,

Ratio of profit

= (2X × 2) : (X × 4) : (4/5 × X × 3)

= 4X : 4X : 12X/5

= 5 : 5 : 3

Share of C = Rs. 1080

Required Total profit = 1080 × 13/3 = Rs. 4680

Given:

Jay invested = Rs. 65000 for 12 months

Abhay invested = 75% more than Jay for 50% times of Jay

Formula: ­

Ratio of Profit = ratios of product of Amount invested and time

Calculation:

Ratio of profit = 65000 × 12 ∶ 113750 × 6

⇒ 8 ∶ 7

∴ The ratio of their profits is 8 ∶ 7.

Given - 

A : C = 2 : 1, A : B = 3 : 2

Solution - 

Let the amount of B be P_B.

⇒ A : C = 2 : 1, A : B = 3 : 2

⇒ A : B : C = (2 × 3) : (2 × 2) : (1 × 3)

⇒ A : B : C = 6 : 4 : 3

⇒ The amount of B = P_B = (4/13) × 1573 = Rs. 484

∴ the amount received by B = Rs. 484