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(a) Mediterrian climate have mild, rainy winter and hot, dry summers and Evergreen, Oak trees.

Correct option is C) pack

Correct option is B) dry

b. Customer needs in a given market.

Wood sprit is known as Methanol. 

Given:

The ratio of sprit and water = 2 : 5

Formula used:

If the volume is increased by a%, then the new volume will be [(100 + a)/100] × initial volume

Calculation:

Let an amount of sprit and water be 2 x and 5 x respectively and also let y liter is added to sprit.

Total volume = 2 x + 5 x

⇒ Total volume = 7 x

After adding y liter, new volume = 7 x + y

According to the question, the new volume of a solution is increased by 50% after adding sprit only.

⇒ The new volume of a solution = [(100 + 50)/100] × 7 x

⇒ 7 x + y = [150/100] × 7 x

⇒ 7 x + y = 10.5 x 

⇒ 10.5 x – 7 x = y

⇒ 3.5 x = y

⇒ x/y = 1/3.5 

The resultant ratio of sprit and water = (2 x + y)/5 x

⇒ The resultant ratio of sprit and water = (2 x/5 x) + y/5 x

⇒ The resultant ratio of sprit and water = 2/5 + 3.5/5

⇒ The resultant ratio of sprit and water = (2 + 3.5)/5

⇒ The resultant ratio of sprit and water = 5.5/5

⇒ The resultant ratio of sprit and water = 11/10

∴ The resultant ratio of sprit and water is 11/10

pressure at the bottom p = \(\rho\) g h

= 10³ x 10 x 4 

p = 40000 pa

P₁ = P₂

_{\(\cfrac{F_1}{\pi{r^2}}=\cfrac{F_2}{\pi{r}2}\)}

_{\(\cfrac{25}{(0.04)^2}=\cfrac{F^2}{(0.16)^2}\)}

F₂ = \(\frac{25\times(0.16)^2}{(0.04)^2}\)

F₂ = \(\frac{0.64}{0.0016}\)

F₂ = 400N

• The term chorology traces its origin in the Greek etymology which means the ‘science of places’.
• Chorology stems from the Greek word khoros for “place” or “space” and the suffix -logy for the study of. The term chorology is also known as ‘Areal Differentiation’ is in vogue in the geographical study since the days of Strabo (64 BC to AD 24).
• Ptolemy (AD 87-150) a Roman Geographer believed that geography should concentrate on the study of the earth in a holistic manner considering the earth as a unit.
• According to Ptolemy, the regional analysis is like describing only the certain features of a whole and leaving aside the rest, thus not bringing forth the complete picture.
• He differentiated among geography as the study of universals, topography as the study of localities, and chorography as integrating the two. The author of the seminal book ‘Geographia Generalis’ in 1650, Varenius (1622-1650) started a debate in geographic academic circle regarding the Special/specific Geography and General Geography.
• According to him, specific geography is interested in studying the unique and specific feature or character of the places, whereas general geography is concerned with universal laws.
• This division of geography between special and general later on became the 4 rallying points for propagators of Regional Geography and Systematic Geography, thus providing a renewed thrust in the regional vs. systematic geography dualism or dichotomy.
• Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), contributed significantly to historically shaping up of the evolution of the concept of geography as a chorological science. Kant provided substantial theoretical and conceptual framework for the development of the concept of chorology and was inspirational for the Geographers like Hettner and Hartshorne, who further popularized the concept of geography as a chorological science.
• Kant was of the view that Geography is descriptive while History is analytical. He believed that unlike theoretical sciences History and Geography are concerned only with Empirical and Unique.
• Kant pointed out that there are two ways to classify empirical phenomena, one in synchronization and accordance with the nature while other in accordance with their arrangement or location in time and space. The disciplines like Zoology, Botany, Chemistry, and likes are grouped in the former category whilst History and Geography in the later. The temporal occurrence of events is chronologically studied in History whereas phenomenon lying side by side in the space is chorological and studied in Geography.

The correct sequence is Anaximander, Herodotus, Eratosthenes, Hipparchus.

Surface tension

\(T = \frac Fl\)

\(F = T.l\)

\(= 0.075 \times 2r\)

\(= 0.075 \times 2 \times 0.10\)

\(F = 0.015 \,m N\)

1. Made of hard crystalline rock forms 

2. The oldest division in India. 

3. It has varied topography 

4. Known as the storehouse of minerals. 

5. Fertile black soil forced from the disintegrations of leave rocks.

Do not create deep valleys.

Correct option: ‘b’ and ‘d’ are correct

a. Siwaliks 

b. Himachal 

c. Himadri 

d. Himadri

Given mass of earth M_e = 6 x 10²⁴ kg

Mass of moon M_n = \(\frac{6\times10^{24}}{81}\)

M_n = 7.4 x 10²² kg

r = 3.58 x 10⁵ km

Attraction force = \(\frac{GM_1M_2}{r^2}\) 

 = \(\frac{6.67\times10^{-11}\times6\times10^{24}\times7.4\times10^{22}}{(3.58\times10^8)^2}\) 

 = \(\frac{296\times10^{35}}{12.81\times10^{16}}\)

F = 23.10 x 10¹⁹ N

Total distance travelled = 4m+2m+4m+2m = 12m

Total time taken =21 seconds 

Average Speed =  total distance/total time 

Avg.Speed = 12/21 m/s 

Net displacement= 0 (as the object returnef to its initial postion)

Avg Velocity = 0 m/s

Correct option is B) the rainiest

a – Kaveri 

C – Yamuna 

e – Brahmaputhra 

b – Tungabhadra – Narmada 

f - indus

Option (d). Statement A is related to Peninsular rivers and statement B is related to Himalayan rivers.

The correct answer is Amazon Basin.

• The easternmost coasts of latitudes from 35 ° to 40 ° north and south of the equator receive the highest rainfall.

• The Amazon basin is in the equatorial region. Hence, it receives the highest annual rainfall.
• The average annual rainfall here is 200 cm.
• The coastal areas of the continents have moderate amounts of rainfall.
• The rainfall is 50 to 100 cm in the central part of the tropical region and in the eastern and interior parts of temperate regions.

The object moves in a straight line in one direction without turning back.

The Bay of Bengal branch of south west monsoon advances northward by absorbing more moisture from the Bay of Bengal. On reaching West Bengal, crossing the Sundarban delta, it bifurcates into two branches. One branch reaches the Brahmaputra plains and causes heavy rainfall there. The Khasi- Jaintia hills of Meghalaya obstruct these winds and cause heavy rainfall in these regions. Chirapunji and Mawsynram are in this region.

a. Ganga 

b. Brahmaputra 

c. Indus 

d. Godavari 

e. Krishna 

f. Mahanadi

A. Ganga, B. Kaveri, C. Brahmaputra, D. Tapti

1. Ganga, Brahmaputra – Himalayan rivers 

2. Kaveri, Tapti – Peninsular rivers

• The Lakshadweep islands are situated in the Arabian Sea, There are 36 islands in this island group, of which only 11 are inhabited. 
• Lagoons, sandy beaches and coral reefs are the specialities of the Lakshadweep island group. 
• People depend largely on sea for their sustenance as agriculture is sparse. Fishing and tourism are the major sources of income.

12.11.2020

From 

XXX 

YYY

To 

The Editor 

The Hindu Anna Salai 

Chennai-600 002.

Sir, 

Sub: Frequent felling of Trees

I am the Secretary of the YYY Colony Association. Our locality was surely a haven to us in the past few years. The fruits of labour that we had sown about ten years ago is well nurtured and utilised.

Most of the roads in our locality was filled with greenery because of the Flame of the Forest trees that we had planted and taken care of. The roads had enough shade and was filled with beautiful flowers.

In the recent past, we have encountered the mindless felling of trees by the Corporation staff for various reasons. We kindly request you to publish the same in the newspapers to bring to notice the mindless felling of trees to the public and the authorities concerned.

We hope that such a scenario doesn’t take place in our locality again and looking forward to a positive change in this situation.

Thank you,

The correct answer is Troposphere.

• The air is one of the essential conditions for the existence of life on this planet. The air is a mixture of various gases and it encompasses the earth from all sides. The air surrounding the earth is called the atmosphere.
• Troposphere:
  • It is the lowermost layer of the atmosphere.
  • The layer starts at Earth's surface and extends 8 to 14.5 km high (5 to 9 miles).
  • The troposphere contains dust particles and water vapour.
  • This is the most important layer of the atmosphere because all kinds of weather changes take place only in this layer.
  • The zone dividing troposphere from the stratosphere is known as the tropopause.

• Stratosphere:
  • ​It lies beyond troposphere, up to an altitude of 50 km from the earth’s surface.
  • The temperature in this layer remains constant for some distance but then rises to reach a level of 0°C at 50 km altitude.
  • This rise is due to the presence of ozone.
  • This layer is almost free from clouds and associated weather phenomenon, making conditions most ideal for flying aeroplanes. ​
• Mesosphere: 
  • ​This is an intermediate layer beyond the ozone layer and continues up to an altitude of 80 km from the earth’s surface.
  • The temperature gradually falls to -100°C at 80 km altitude.
  • Meteorites burn up in this layer on entering from the space.
• Thermosphere:
  • ​In the thermosphere, the temperature rises very rapidly with increasing height.
  • The ionosphere is a part of this layer.
  • It extends between 80-400 km. This layer helps in radio transmission.
• Exosphere:​
  • This is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere extending beyond the ionosphere above a height of about 400 km.
  • The air is extremely rarefied and the temperature gradually increases through the layer.
  • Light gases like helium and hydrogen float into space from here.

Water Pollution: Organic and inorganic industrial wastes and affluent that are dumped into water bodies cause water pollution. Some main factories that cause it are paper. chemical. textile etc. Harmful substances include dyes, acids, fly ash etc.

Industries discharge chemical wastes comprising substances called effluents in rivers, lakes, streams etc. Factories sometimes turn waterways into open sewers by dumping oil, toxic chemicals and other harmful liquids called effluents into them.

a) Mahanadi 

b) Deccan plateau 

c) Tuticorin 

d) Aravalli ranges (These features are to be marked and labeled in map)

The correct answer is the Chipko Movement.

• Chipko movement was the uprising against the felling of trees and sustaining the ecological balance started in Uttar Pradesh’s Chamoli district (now Uttarakhand) in 1973.
• The name of the movement ‘chipko’ comes from the word ’embrace’. Hugged the trees and encircled them to prevent being hacked.
• Sundarlal Bahuguna, a famous Gandhian, is said to have started this movement to guard the trees on the Himalayan slopes. Bahuguna is also known for coining the Chipko slogan ‘ecology is the permanent economy’.
• The movement’s biggest victory was making people aware of their rights to forests, and how grassroots activism can influence policy-making regarding ecology and shared natural resources.
• It was a silent, non-violent protest condemning ecological destruction.

Chambal

A north-flowing Peninsular river Chambal.

Godavari – Sabari

a) Siwalik 

b) Desert soil 

c) Coromandel Coast 

d) Indira Point