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Seismograph is the instrument which is used to measure and record an earthquake. The tremors produce waves on the surface of the earth. These are called seismic waves. These waves are recorded by the seismograph.

There are a number of ways to measure the magnitude of an earthquake. But, the Richter magnitude scale (often shortened to Richter scale) is the most common standard of measurement for earthquakes.

The Richter scale is used to rate the magnitude of an earthquake, that is the amount of energy released during an earthquake.

1. We know that earthquakes cannot be predicted and that they can be highly destructive. 

2. It is therefore important that we have to take necessary precautions to protect ourselves all the time. 

3. Consult qualified architect and structural engineer to build the buildings. 

4. It is better to fix the cup boards and shelves to the walls, so that they do not fall easily. 

5. Be careful where you hang wall clocks, photoframes, water heaters, etc. so that in the event of an earthquake they do not fall on the people. 

6. Some buildings may catch fire due to an earthquake, it is necessary that all buildings have fire fighting equipment installed.

1. I will protect myself by covering head with helmet or cushion and hide in a safe place, such as under table. 

2. I will not run outside because roof tiles and glass may fall on me. 

3. Major after shocks can come after smallest earthquake so I calmly extinguish any nearby flames. 

4. Earthquake can wrap buildings, especially apartment buildings making it impossible to open doors and escape. So I open doors and windows to secure an escape route. 

5. I will be careful with broken glass. 

6. Once I come outside I will not return to house.

7. I will avoid phone calls.

We should take clean vegetables, fruits, carrot, pomegranate, cereals, seasum seed, pulses, walnut, almond, guava, sweet lime, date plums, resins, fish liver etc.

Saliva makes on chewing the food slowly.

1. Carbohydrate 

2. Proteins 

3. Fats 

4. Vitamins 

5. Minerals 

6. Water.

1. Chikki consisting of carbohydrates (Sugars), dietary fibres, vitamins and minerals. 

2. It is not same as the nutrients present in egg. 

3. Egg consisting of proteins and fats along with Vitamins and minerals.

1. Nutrients present in chikki are 

1) Carbohydrates 

2) Proteins 

3) Fibre 

4) Calcium 

5) iron 

6) Magnesium 

7) Vitamin B 

8) Potassium. 

2. Nutrients present in egg (boiled) are 

1) Proteins 

2) Iron 

3) Vitamin D 

4) Vitamin – A 

5) Vitamin B 

3. Nutrients are not same in chikki and egg. 

4. Both egg and chikki contain protein and iron. 

5. Carbohydrates are not present in the egg. 

6. Vitamin – D is not present in chikki. Fibre is not present in egg.

a) An earthquake is a sudden shaking or trembling of earth lasting for a very short period of time. It is caused by a disturbance deep inside the earth’s crust.

b) When it occurs it can cause damage to human life and property on a huge scale.

c) People living in seismic zones, where the earthquakes are more likely to occur, have to be specially prepared. The buildings in these zones should be designed so that they can with stand major tremors.

Steps to be taken in building construction:

1. In highly seismic areas, the use of mud or timber is better than heavy construction material. 

2. Keep roofs as hieght as possible. In case the structure falls, the damage will not be heavy. 

3. It is better if the cupboards and shelves are fixed to the walls so that they do not fall easily. 

4. Be careful where you hang wall clocks, photoframes, water heaters, etc. so that in the event of earthquake, they do not fall on the people. 

5. Since some buildings may catch fire due to an earthquake, it is necessary that all buildings, especially tall buildings have fire fighting equipment in working order.

Measures to be taken in a house when earthquake occurs.

1. Take shelter under a table and stay there till shaking stops. 

2. Stay away from tall and heavy objects that may fall on you. 

3. If you are on bed, do not get up. Protect your head with a pillow.

Measures to be taken outdoors when earthquake occurs.

1. Find a clear spot, away from buildings, trees and overhead power lines. Drop to the ground. 

2. If you are in a car or a bus, do not come out. Ask the driver to drive slowly to a clear spot. Do not come out till the tremors stop.

The taste of glucose with saliva in our mouth is Sweet.

(i) Ghee 

(ii) oil 

(iii) sweets.

(i) Milk 

(ii) curd 

(iii) butter milk.

A balanced diet is a diet which contains an adequate amount of all the necessary nutrients like carbohydrate fat protein minerals and vitamins required for healthy growth and activity.

1. A small cup of green gram seeds, Water and thin cloth.

2. Soak the green gram seeds in water over night. Take out the seeds and strain the water. Wrap the seeds in wet thin cloth. Keep it for a day or two. Sprinkle some water whenever it is dry.

3. You can see white sprouts coming out of the seeds.

4. Green gram sprouts are low in calories, have fibre and Vitamin B. It has comparatively high amount of vitamin C and vitamin K.

1. Egg white, Copper sulphate solution, Sodium hydroxide, Test tube and Bunsen burner.

2. Take a small amount of the food sample (egg white) and put in the test tube. Add some water to the test tube and shake it. Next, heat the test tube for about one minute. After the test tube has cooled down, add two drops each of Copper sulphate solution and Sodium hydroxide to it.

3. The food sample turns purple or violet.

4. Change in colour of the given food sample turns purple or violet confirms the presence of Protein.

(c) They are rich in minerals and vitamins.

Each nutrient plays an important role in the growth and well being of our body.

Correct answer is  (a) Fats

(i) Dahlia 

(ii) Poha 

(iii) Pulses

Nimbupaani (lemon juice).

We should eat food slowly by chewing.

Rickets : It is a skeletal disorder caused by lack of vitamin – D, cab cium, or phosphate.

Anaemia : It is a medical condition in which the red blood ceil count or the heamoglobin is less than normal.

Glucose taken by player for instant energy.

the digestion of food starts From mouth.

To control the worms in the stomach.

SHP : School Health Programme, a initiation of government of India under Ayushman Bharat to strengthen health promotion and disease prevention intervention.

Scurvy : A disease caused by lack of vitamin – C (Ascorbic acid) in the diet.

Goitre : A swelling in the neck resulting from an enlarged thyroid gland caused due to Iodine deficiency.

The food items made of fruits and vegetables grown under organic farming are called Organic foods.

Meat, fish, eggs, milk, pulses, soya beans etc. are some of the protein rich foods.

The food in the mouth after reaching the stomach, goes to the small intestine and then to the large intestine. In the stomach and the intestine, the food is digested with the help of digestive juices and it gives us energy to work.

Packaging of DNA 

Packaging of DNA in eukaryotes 

• The proteins associated with DNA are of two types—basic proteins (histone and protamine) and acidic non-histone chromosomal (NHC) proteins. 

• The negatively charged DNA molecule wraps around the positively charged histone proteins to form a structure called nucleosome. 

• The nucleosome core is made up of four types of histone proteins—H₂A, H₂B, H3 and H₄— occurring in pairs. 

• 200 bp of DNA helix wrap around the nucleosome by 1¾ turns, plugged by H₁ histone protein. 

• Repeating units of nucleosomes form the chromatin in nucleus, which is a thread-like structure. 

• The chromatin is packed to form a solenoid structure of 30 nm diametre.

If we take a diet that lacks some nutrients, it leads to deficiency diseases.

National Institute of Nutrition.

1. Water is also a component of blood. 

2. But water does not contain any nutrients. So it cannot be considered as a nutritive component, water constitutes nearly 2/3 of our body weight. 

3. It regulates and maintains the temperature of our body. 

4. It helps in excretion of wastes from our body as urine and sweat. 

5. Water is essential for many metabolic activities. 

6. Water helps in easy movement of the food through the digestive track. 

7. It helps in digestion of food also.

Water constitutes nearly 2/3 of our body weight.

Proteins are needed for the growth and maintenance of our body.

Carbohydrates are usually present the form of starch and sugars in the food.

Minerals and vitamins are required in yery less quantity. So, they are called Micronutrients.

Delay in clotting of blood.

Correct answer is (b) DNA gyrase

Balanced diet provides all the nutrients that our body needs, in right quantities, along with adequate amount of roughage and water.

Balanced diet : Balanced diet is the food which contains all the required nutrients in required quantity.