a) An earthquake is a sudden shaking or trembling of earth lasting for a very short period of time. It is caused by a disturbance deep inside the earth’s crust.

b) When it occurs it can cause damage to human life and property on a huge scale.

c) People living in seismic zones, where the earthquakes are more likely to occur, have to be specially prepared. The buildings in these zones should be designed so that they can with stand major tremors.

Steps to be taken in building construction:

1. In highly seismic areas, the use of mud or timber is better than heavy construction material. 

2. Keep roofs as hieght as possible. In case the structure falls, the damage will not be heavy. 

3. It is better if the cupboards and shelves are fixed to the walls so that they do not fall easily. 

4. Be careful where you hang wall clocks, photoframes, water heaters, etc. so that in the event of earthquake, they do not fall on the people. 

5. Since some buildings may catch fire due to an earthquake, it is necessary that all buildings, especially tall buildings have fire fighting equipment in working order.

Measures to be taken in a house when earthquake occurs.

1. Take shelter under a table and stay there till shaking stops. 

2. Stay away from tall and heavy objects that may fall on you. 

3. If you are on bed, do not get up. Protect your head with a pillow.

Measures to be taken outdoors when earthquake occurs.

1. Find a clear spot, away from buildings, trees and overhead power lines. Drop to the ground. 

2. If you are in a car or a bus, do not come out. Ask the driver to drive slowly to a clear spot. Do not come out till the tremors stop.