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No, they are not doing business in partnership because they are not involved in doing sale and purchase of land/ plot on a regular basis/Mere co-ownership of a property does not amount to partnership.

Reserve capital is a part of Uncalled capital.

When the company issues debentures to the lenders as an additonal/secondary security, in addition to other assets already pledged/some primary security. Such issue of debentures is called debentures issued as a collateral security.

In case of issue of debenture as a collateral security for loan from the bank which account will be debited in Debenture Suspense account.

void Addrecord()

{

ofstream ofile;

ofile.open("STUDENT.dat", ios ::out);

STU S;

char ch='Y';

while (Ch=='Y' || Ch = = 'y')

{

S.Enter();

ofile.write (Char*) & S, sizeof(s));

cout << "more (Y/N)";

cin>>ch;

}

ofile.close(); 

} 

void Addrecord()

{

ofstream ofile;

ofile.open("STUDENT.dat", ios ::out);

STU S;

char ch='Y';

while (Ch=='Y' || Ch = = 'y')

{

S.Enter();

ofile.write (Char*) & S, sizeof(s));

cout << "more (Y/N)";

cin>>ch;

}

ofile.close();

}

(c) To increase money supply

(a) Aggregate demand increases

Revenue deficit refers to the excess of revenue expenditure of the government over its revenue receipts. Revenue Deficit = Revenue Expenditure- Revenue Receipts.

Subsidies are treated as revenue expenditure because they create neither any asset nor cause a reduction in any liability of the government.

It reduces the liabilities of the government.

Receipts from taxes are categorised as revenue receipts because they create neither any liability nor cause a reduction in the assets of the government.

Interest received is a revenue receipt because it does not create any liability nor it leads to reduction in assets. 

Repayment of loan is treated as a capital expenditure because it reduces the liabilities of the Government. 

Recovery of loans is treated as a capital receipt because it leads to decline in financial assets of the Government. 

Student should be able to discuss following five points During the process of Adaptation: 

i. A new narrative is formed. 

ii. The new narrative in formed another medium. 

iii. Script-writer and Director is the new authors of this narrative. 

iv. Historical and cultural context of the original may change.

v. The new narrative is an interpretation of the original.

(i) Sale of goods and/or Service (ii) Interest Received (iii) commission received 

The function PMT is used to compute the loan repayment schedule.

It helps in detecting, if there is any error in recording the transactions and ascertaining the correct bank balance on a particular date. 

Hence following purposes are solved: 

(i) Error of rectification- Errors that have been committed on part of bank or business is disclosed in BRS. 

(ii) Reduction in chances of embezzlement- Regular Cheque on office staff can be done by periodical comparison. 

(iii) Completion of Cash Book- Information about bank charges, direct payment, direct 

Data validation is a feature to define restrictions on type of data entered into a cell. We can configure data validation rules for cells data that will not allow users to enter invalid data.

(b) Price of the good falls, expenditure on it falls

Demand for goods is termed inelastic through the expenditure approach when if the price of the goods falls and expenditure on it falls.

Hence, the correct options is (b).

Deficit financing is the process of printing new currency notes by the Central Bank in exchange of security bills or gold obtained from Central Government.

The transactions recorded in BOP account are classified as autonomous transactions and accommodating transactions. Autonomous Transactions refer to the international economic transactions taken with the motive of profit. Deficit in the BOP occurs when autonomous foreign exchange receipts fall short of autonomous foreign exchange payments. Autonomous transactions, the transaction not influenced by other transactions in the BOP

The demand of a commodity, when measured through the expenditure approach, is inelastic. A fall in its price will result in decrease in expenditure on it.

Reason : In case of inelastic demand total expenditure shares a positive relationship with price. Therefore, a fall in price leads to a corresponding decline in expenditure.

Hence, the correct answer is option (c).

(a) Net National Product at market price = Rent and interest + Wages and salaries + Social security contribution by employers + Undistributed profit + Corporation tax + Dividends + Mixed income + Net indirect taxes – Net factor income to abroad 

= 6,000 + 1,800 + 200 + 400 + 120 + 80 + 1,000 + 100 – 70 

= 9,700 – 70 

= ₹ 9,630 Crores 

(b) Gross Domestic Product at factor cost = Net national product at market price + Consumption of fixed capital + Net factor income to abroad – Net indirect taxes 

= 9,630 + 50 + 70- 100

= 9,750 – 100 

= ₹ 9,650 Crores

Alternatively : 

Gross Domestic Product at factor cost = Rent and interest + Wages and salaries + Social security contribution by employers + Undistributed profit + Corporation tax + Dividends + Mixed income + Consumption of fixed capital 

= 6,000 + 1,800 + 200 + 400 + 120 + 80 + 1,000 + 50 

= ₹ 9,650 Crores

NVAfc = sales + change in stock – Intermediate 

consumption – depreciation – NIT

= 400 + (-20) – 200 – 30 – 40 

NVAfc = 110

Compensation of Employees => (ii) + (x)

= 1800 + 200

= 2,000

Operating Surplus = (i) + (iii) + (vi) + (viii)

=> 6,000 + 400 + 120 + 80 = 6,600

Mixed Incom. = (xi) =1,000

Now, NDP_FC = Compensation of Employees +Operating surplus + Mixed Income

NDP_FC =2000 + 6600 + 1000

= 9600

NNP_MP = NDP_FC - (vii) + (iv)

= 9,600 -70 + 100

=9630

GDP_FC=NDP_FC+(ix)

:=9600 + 50

= 9,650

GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is a commonly used calculator of national income and measures the economic activity in a country. Essentially, the GDP is a figure which measures the value of the goods and services produced in a country in a given time period (usually one year). 

GDP = Private Consumption + Gross Investment + Government Investment + Government Spending + (Exports – Imports)

GNP (Gross National Product) is also a calculator of economic activity. However, GNP also encompasses the value of net income made abroad. Moreover, when calculating GNP, the value of what foreign countries earn in the given country is subtracted from the value.

GNP = GDP + (Net income earned by domestic residents/businesses from overseas investments) – (Net income earned by foreign residents/businesses from domestic investments)

NNPfc = ii + vi + iv + vii + viii - v 

 = 800 + 100 + 300 + 500 + 400 + (- 50) 

NNPfc = 2050 

GNPmp = NNPfc + ix + x 

 = 2050 + 200 + 250 

 = 2500 GNDI = GNPmp – iii 

 = 2500 – (-30 ) 

GNDI = 2530 

(a) NDP_FC = Private Final Consumption Expendiiure + Government final consumption expenditure + Gross domestic fixed capital formation + Change in Stock +Exports - Imports - Consumption of Fixed Capital - (Indirect Taxes - Subsidies)

= 8,000 + 1,000 + 500 + 100 + 70 -120 -60- (700-S0)

= Rs. 8,840 crores

(b) Gross National Disposable Income : NDP_FC +Net Indirect Taxes - Net current transfer to abroad + Factor income from abroad - Factor income to abroad

= 8,840 + (700 - 50) - (- 30) + 90 - 40

= Rs. 9,570 crores

d. All of above

d. National wealth

The problem of double counting arises when the value of certain goods and services are counted more than once while estimating National Income by Value Added Method. This happens when the value of intermediate goods is counted in the estimation of National Income alongwith the final value of goods and services. Two methods to avoid the problem of double counting: 

i. To consider only the final value of output produced. 

ii. To consider only the value added of the output produced.

Gross domestic product at market price.

(d) All of the above 

SMC curve always intersect the AVC curve at its minimum point. This is because to the left of the minimum point of AVC, SMC is below AVC. SMC and AVC both fall but the former falls at a faster rate. At the minimum point K, AVC is equal to SMC. Beyond K, AVC and SMC both rise but the latter rises at a faster rate than the former and also SMC lies above AVC. Therefore, the only point where SMC and AVC are equal is where SMC intersects AVC, i.e., at the minimum point of the AVC curve.

(a) Q = 2L²K² .....(1)

L = 5 units of labour
K = 2 units of capital
Putting these values in equation (1)

Q = 2(5)²(2)²

= 2 (25) (4)
Q = 200 units
(b) If L = 0 units and K = 100 units

Putting these values in equation (1)
Q = 2(0)²(100)²
Q = 0 units

Q = 5L^1/2K^1/2 ....Equation (1)

L = 100 units of labour
K = 100 units of capital
Putting these values in equation (1)

Q = (100)^1/2(100)^1/2

= 5(10)(10)

=500 units

Thus, the maximum possible output that he firm can produce is 500 units.

Q = 5L + 2K …………………. (1)
If L = 0 and K = 10, then putting these values in equation (1)
Q = 5(0) + 2(10)
= 20 units of output

The following three conditions must hold if a profit maximizing firm produces positive level of output (say equilibrium output Q*) in a competitive market:

(i) MR must be equal to MC at Q*.

(ii) MC should be upward sloping or rising at Q*.

(iii) In short run - Price must be greater than or equal to AVC. i.e.P ≥ AVC  at Q*.

In long run - Price must be greater than or equal to LAC.

Average Revenue is defined as the revenue per unit of the output sold. It is expressed as the ratio between total revenue and the output sold.

AR = TR/Q

We know that,
TR = P × Q

AR = (P x Q)/Q
AR = P
Thus, the market price and the average revenue are the same for a perfect competitive firm.

Elasticity of Supply, e_s = 0.5
Initial Price, P₁ = Rs 5
Final price, P₂ = Rs 20

ΔP = P₂ - P₁

= 20 - 5

ΔP = 15

ΔQ = 15

e_s = ΔQ/ΔP x P₁/Q₁

0.5 = 15/15 x 5/Q₁

0.5 = 5/Q₁

Q₁ = 5/0.5

= 10units

Initial quantity = 10 units
Final quantity,Q₂ = ΔQ + Q₁
= 15 + 10
Therefore, Q₂  = 25 units

At Price, P₁ = Rs 10
Total Revenue, TR₁ = P₁ x Q₁ = 50

= TR₁/P₁ = Q₁

= 50/10 = Q₁

= Q₁ = 5units

At Price, = Rs 15
Total Revenue, TR₂ = P₂ x Q₂ =150

= Q₂ = TR₂/P₂

= Q₂ = 150/15

= Q₂ = 10 units

Elasticity of supply,e_s = ΔQ/ΔP x P/Q

ΔQ = Q₂ - Q₁ = 10 - 5 = 5

P = P₁ - P₂ = 15 - 10 = 5

e_s = 5/5 x 10/5

e_s = 2.

Initial Price, P₁ = Rs 10
Initial Output, Q₁ = 4 units
Final Price, P₂ = Rs 30

ΔP = P₂ - P₁

= Rs 30 - 10 = Rs 20
Elasticity of supply,e_s = 1.25

e_s =ΔQ/ΔP x P₁/Q₁

1.25 = ΔQ/20 x 10/4

= 1.25 x 8 = ΔQ

= ΔQ = 10 units

Thus final output supplied,  Q₂ = ΔQ + Q₁

Q₂ = 10 + 4 = 14 units

Profit maximising output is where the difference between TR and TC is the maximum. This exists at 5 units of output, where firm is earning profit of Rs 12.