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(E) no correct response

1) The acids are -- 

(i) Hydrochloric acid (HCl) 

(ii) Sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄)

2) Exothermic.

3) The gas Z is lighter than air.

(B) may be acidic or basic depending on the buffer present.

(D) more than one correct response 

(B) Two of the three statements are true

Down’s syndrome, Turner’s syndrome, Klinefelter’s syndrome are common examples of Aneuploidy of chromosomes in human beings.

• Down’s syndrome results in the gain of extra copy of chromosome 21- trisomy.
• Turner’s syndrome results due to loss of an X chromosome in human females- X0 monosomy. 
• Klinefelter’s Syndrome is caused due to the presence of an additional copy of X-chromosome resulting into XXY condition.

Down’s Syndrome:

The affected individual is

• short statured with small round head
• furrowed tongue and partially open mouth
• Palm is broad with characteristic palm crease
• Physical, psychomotor and mental development is retarded.

Klinefelter’s Syndrome: The affected individual is

• a male with development of breast, i.e., Gynecomastia
• Such individuals are sterile.

Turner’s Syndrome: The affected individual shows following characters-

• Females are sterile as ovaries are rudimentary.
• lack of other secondary sexual characters.

(d) It smells like vinegar and turns blue litmus to red.

UNDP ( United Nations Development Programme) compares countries on the basis of educational level of people, their health status and per capita income per annum while the criterion used by World Bank is merely that of per capita income or average income for measuring development. 

In short, Human Development criterion is used by UNDP whereas only economic development by the World Bank.

(i) Average Income/Per Captia Income. It is used as a criterion because it gives some idea about the rising standard of living of people.

(ii) Rich Countries. Countries which had per capita income of $10,066 per annum and above in 2004 (According to World Development Report 2006).

(iii) Low-income countries. Countries which have per capita income of $825 or less in 2004 (According to WDR 2006).

(iv) Limitation of this criterion is that average income or per capita income is not the only factor important for development. This factor hides the other important factor—‘Distribution of Income’ which also affects development. Higher average income along with equitable distribution of income is considered favourable for development.

(v) Criterion by UNDP for measuring development: It calculates human Development index which is the simple average of three indices—Longevity, Knowledge/Educational attainment and per capita real GDP. Different countries are rated between 0 to 1.

• Mahatma Gandhi declared that British rule was established in India with the cooperation of Indians and if they had refused to cooperate, British rule in India would have been collapsed within a year.
• He proposed that the movement should unfold in stages.
• It should begin with the surrendering of titles that the government had awarded to the Indians.
• A boycott of civil services, army, police, courts and legislative assemblies, schools and foreign goods would show their non-cooperation to the British Empire.
• Mahatma Gandhi felt that in case the government used suppression, a full civil disobedience campaign would be launched.

Consumers' right to be informed about the particulars of goods and services that they purchase.

Potential Resources.

It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups.

The Import tax is acting as a Trade Barrier.

This is known as double coincidence of wants.

This is known as double coincidence of wants.

1. (a) The monsoons formed the backbone of Indian agriculture. 

(b) Rice, wheat or millets were the crops cultivated frequently. 

(c) Sugarcane and cotton were the commercial crops. 

2. (a) At that time, the state was aware not to indulge in excessive exploitation of the peasants as in case of excessive stress peasants took recourse to more drastic. 

(b) Easy availability of uncultivated land and competition over labour resources. 

3. (a) Khud-khasta 

(b) Pahi-khasta

1. (a) Kashmere Gate, Amjeri Gate 

(b) Turkman Gate 

2. (a) People sought shelter in the countryside whenever towns were attacked at the time of the revolt of 1857. 

(b) Peasants travelled long distances on pilgrimages passing through towns. They flocked to towns during times of famine; seeking alternate mode of employment. 

3. (a) The towns in contrast to rural areas represented specific towns of economic activities and cultures. 

(b) Towns dominated over the rural population thriving on surplus and taxes derived from agriculture. 

(c) Towns and cities were often fortified by walls which symbolised their seperation from the countryside.

(i) The lack of learner‟s motivation.

(ii) The busy schedule of the learners.

(i) Banking can be done anytime i.e. 24x7.

(ii) Its fast and hassle free.

Statistics are used in economic planning for the following purposes:

(i) Statistical data help us in comparing the rate of development of one country with the rate of development of the other country.

(ii) The importance of consumption, production, distribution etc can be known from the available statistical data.

(iii) The success that a plan achieves is measured best by the use of statistical methods.

(iv) Statistical data are used for knowing about the progress in the techniques of production, volume of productions imports, exports, etc.

(v) Planning involves fixation of targets and priorities. Targets which are fixed, have to be achieved within a specific period of time.

Public-Private Partnership refers to the involvement of private sector in the Govt, projects aimed at public benefit in the form of management expertise and monetary contribution.

The following are the main features of Public-Private Partnership(PPP) :

(i) PPPs are related to high priority Govt, planned projects.

(ii) PPP’s main objective is to combine the skills, expertise and experience of both public and private sectors to deliver high quality services.

(iii) PPPs divide the risk between public and private sector.

(iv) The Govt, remains accountable for the quality and costs of the services.

(v) PPPs are used in the Govt, projects aimed at public benefit.

(vi) PPPs projects lead to faster implementation and reduced life cycle.

Commerce includes buying and selling of goods and all auxiliary services like transport, communication, warehousing, advertisement, packaging, etc which are necessary for maintaining a free flow of goods and services.

Commerce removes hindrance of person, place or time in following manner:

(i) Hindrance of person refers to the problem of contact between producers and consumers commerce removes. This hindrance is removed by trade. Trade helps in making goods available to consumers from producers.

(ii) Hindrance of place refers to the problem of distribution of goods at distant places without loss. Commerce removes this hindrance by transportation. Transportation helps in removing hindrance of place by making goods available from place of production to market.

(iii) Hindrance of time refers to the problem of existence of time gap between production and consumption of goods. This hindrance is solved by warehousing or storage. Warehousing and storage facilitate stock holding till time of consumption or sale.

(a) A Thing of Beauty by John Keats

(b) those martyrs who have died bravely for a cause

(c) they will always be remembered for their noble and splendid deeds and creations/They have left behind a legacy for us to enjoy.

(d) Metaphor- Endless fountain is indirectly compared to love/thing of beauty/ Hyperbole. It is an exaggerated statement. An endless fountain of immortal drink…… Heaven’s brink

• Both suffer from physical impairment -not by birth

• Both are lonely

• Derry is pessimistic,draws Lamb’s attention towards his face.

• He tells him that his face is ugly and horrible. Nobody likes him.

• The people show signs of fear when they look at his face and avoid his presence.

• They call him a poor boy because one side of his face is burnt.

• Even his mother kisses him on the right side of his face. And that too out of duty

• Lamb draws his attention towards his garden. He has a positive attitude towards life

• He doesn't mind the children call him ‘Lamey-Lamb’.

• He does not want to shut out the world.

• He loves reading, picking crab apples and making toffees for children.

• He tells Derry that the people have other things to do and see rather than looking at him. The bitterness and hatred he has inside him could be more damaging than the acid that burnt his face or the bomb that blew up his leg. He tells him that he should look at all those people who are in pain but never complain or cry. He should think about hose who are worse off than him

• Lamb teaches Derry the art of discovering beauty and leading a happy life.

• The positive attitude of Lamb, his kindness and his ability to do things himself without any help make him different from Derry.

Welcome/afraid of being arrested/wants him to enjoy at least one day of peace/morally they ought not to turn away a human whom they have invited for Christmas and promised Christmas cheer

• fought tigers with his bare hands

• his refusing permission to a high ranking British officer to hunt tigers in Pratibandhpuram or even be photographed with a dead tiger put his kingdom at stake

• pacified the officer by sending some fifty expensive diamond rings to his wife for which he emptied the royal treasury.

• The tiger population in Pratibandapuram had become extinct so he got married to the daughter of the neighboring kingdom with the largest tiger population

• The search for the 100th tiger proved difficult

• Eventually the Dewan had to procure an old tiger from people’s park

• Even that tiger could not be killed. Instead he fainted out of shock and had to be later killed by the officers of the king 

The king was relieved at having killed hundred tigers. He bought a wooden toytiger as a gift for his son’s third birthday. One day he was playing with that wooden tiger. One of the slivers pierced the Maharaja’s right hand. Infection spread all over the arm. Three surgeons performed an operation but couldn’t save the King. Thus, the hundredth tiger took its revenge upon the King. Ironically the king who strived so hard to disprove the astrologer’s prediction actually became instrumental in fulfilling it.

• Evans decided to appear for O-level Examination in German
• Governor sought permission from the Board
• Mc Leery the parson from St. Mary Mags came to invigilate.
• In reality he was an accomplice of Evans and had imprisoned the real parson.
• In the cell the two exchange places/ made possible because Evans had covered himself in a blanket. 
• At the end of the exam Evans walks out a free man disguised as the parson

• After he has killed 99 tigers, no more tigers are left.
• After some time there are indications of the presence of a tiger in the forests of a village.
• He goes there but does not find the tiger.
• Then he asks the Chief Minister to find the tiger or he would remove him from his job.
• The Diwan had hidden in his house an old tiger which had been brought from the People’s Park in Madras. 
• He takes that 100th tiger to the forest to be killed by the king. 

• The team members are not working in a systematic way and they are not saving the versions of their work. Changes made in one part of the software can be incompatible with those made by another developer working at the same time. 
• Version control exists to solve these problems, and it’s within easy reach for every developer. Version control helps teams solve these kinds of problems, tracking every individual change by each contributor and helping prevent concurrent work from conflicting.
• Further, in all software development, any change can introduce new bugs on its own and new software can't be trusted until it's tested. So testing and development proceed together until a new version is ready. 

• In spite of all the sufferings, a beautiful thing helps us to remove the cover of gloom or darkness from our lives.
• The things of beauty are the sun, the moon, old and new trees, daffodils, clear rills, musk roses that bloom among the thick forest ferns.

New York

18 March, 20××

Jenkins had asked me to write a real ghost story on supernatural. It may give people the ‘horrors they want’. I had chased inspiration in vain for months! So I went home and sat down before my desk waiting for the inspiration. I heard a voice at the other end. It was Helen’s ghost. She told me that she had come from ‘The Writer’s Bureau’. She told me that I would not get any help in future from her. The spirits have gone on strike. The reason was the trouble created for the ghosts or spirits by Ouija board fanatics. She warned that she would not help me till my friends and acquaintances stop using the Ouija board.

A shocking incident in the Ouija board party brought my relation with my wife on the verge of breaking. My wife asked me to become a partner of Miss Laura Hinkle. I was reluctant but the flirtatious lady took my hands and started operating the Ouija board. Shockingly the board spelled ‘t-r-a-i-t-o-r’ and pointed an accusing finger towards me. The ghost disclosed her identity as ‘Helen’. Soon all the five boards were calling my name. There were rumours going around among ladies that I was flirting with Helen on the Ouija board. Next morning, Lavinia left a note for me. She wrote that she was going back to her grandmother. Her lawyer would communicate with me later. That seemed to be the end of my married life. However, the shocking situation turned into a comic ending. She smelled that I was trying to hide someone behind my back. She accused me of flirting with Helen. Then appeared Helen’s ghost before her. But my wife didn’t faint. She saw the owl-faced unattractive ghost of Helen. She smiled with satisfaction and Helen’s ghost disappeared. I got my loving wife back. She fell in my arms and I kissed her passionately twice. I was finally relieved. I was not be plagued by Helen’s ghost anymore. And in the bargain I got an excellent plot for a ghost story.

John wants Helen, the ghost to disappear before his wife appears on the scene. Seeing Helen with the author, his wife could create troubles for him. His wife Lavinia was subject to hysterics. She would start laughing and crying loudly on seeing the ghost with her husband. These words tell that Lavinia was a dominating wife. She could burst into hysterics if things don’t happen to her liking.

Helen, the ghost undermines the narrator’s faith in his ability to write ghost stories. She threatens going on strike with other ghosts. He will not get any help from The Writer’s Inspiration Bureau to get another plot for writing a ghost story. Helen thinks that the narrator can’t write without their help and inspiration. 

Miss Laura Hinkle asked, “Ouija, dear, won’t you tell us something?” In an instant the Ouija-board spelled: “T-r-a-i-t-o-r”. Miss Laura asked what that meant and it pointed out towards John. Then Laura asked who was talking on the board. The answer came “H-e-l-e-n. Helen!” Helen had been calling for John on all the five Ouija boards. John was suspected of flirting with a woman on the Ouija board.

Game theory is the study of the ways in which interacting choices of economic agents produce outcomes with respect to the preferences (or utilities) of those agents, where the outcomes in question might have been intended by none of the agents. The meaning of this statement will not be clear to the non-expert until each of the italicized words and phrases has been explained and featured in some examples. Doing this will be the main business of this article. First, however, we provide some historical and philosophical context in order to motivate the reader for the technical work ahead.

The role of human resource development is very important in the area of developing a business, this helps to improve the quality of the workers that are involved in the business. It involves developing the learning, knowledge skills and ability of the worker. It increases the inter-personal relationship between an organization and its employees. Any organization that develops comfortability among the employees will see an increase in their profit phase and development.

Human beings interact with nature through technology and create institutions to accelerate the pace of economic development. Human beings are essential components of resources as they transform materials in the environment into resources and use them.

Economic benefits of rivers:

1. Rivers have been a source of food since pre-history, almost all the civilizations developed along the river banks.

2. Rivers are also used for irrigation, hydro-power generation.

3. Rivers are used for navigation. They provide the cheapest inland means of transport.

4. Water from the river is the basic natural resource essential for various day-to-day activities of human beings.

5. It is also a rich source of fresh water fish.

Benefits of a Lake:

1. A lake helps in preventing flood by regulating the flow of river.

2. During dry seasons, a lake helps to maintain an even flow of the river.

3. Lakes can also be used for generating hydel power.

4. Tourism development.

5. Maintain aquatic ecosystem.

Khilafat movement was launched with the purpose of pressurizing the British government to preserve the authority of the Ottoman Sultan as Caliph of Islam following the breakup of the Ottoman Empire at the end of the war. All India Khilafat Committee was created at Lucknow by leaders like Muhammad Ali, Shaukat Ali, Maulana Azad, Hasrat Mohani and many others. It was also a period of Hindu-Muslim unity due to overlapping of Non-Cooperation and Khilafat movement.

The leaders of the Khilafat Movement joined hands with Indian National Congress for the upcoming Non-cooperation Movement. March 19, 1920, was observed as Khilafat Day and following that there was an all-party conference in June 1920 at Allahabad. The agenda of the Non-cooperation Movement was finalized.

Reasons for Khilafat agitation:

a.  The caliph of Turkey was the temporal and spiritual leader of the Muslims all over the World. During the I world War the British had promised the the caliph would not be deprived of his powers and that the Turkey would not be partitioned. But after the war, the caliph was deprived of his powers.

b. The Khilafat Movement was launched as a measure of protest by the Muslims against the treatment meted out to Ottoman Turkey by the imperial powers. 

c. The First World War had resulted in the defeat and disintegration of the Ottoman Empire. 

d. There were rumours that a harsh peace treaty was to be imposed on the Ottoman emperor or the caliph who was also the spiritual head of the Muslims. 

e. The Khilafat Committee was formed in Bombay in March 1919 to defend the powers of the caliph Muslim leaders Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali were at the forefront of this agitation that was eventually incorporated with the non-cooperation movement by Gandhi.

Metal should form volatile complex that should be dissociated to give pure metal on further heating.

Graphite acts as cathode as well as anode in the extraction of aluminium dining Hall Heroult process.

Iron scrap, due to its lower cost.

(a) that he had a terrible toothache. 

(b) he needed to examine his teeth. 

(c) to open his mouth wide. 

(d) from the doctor if there was any serious problem.

(a) if he hadn’t got a car of his own. 

(b) he didn’t have a car of his own. 

(c) why he didn’t buy one. 

(d) he couldn’t afford that.

(a) if he could hear that noise. 

(b) enquired what he thought it was. 

(c) she thought it was someone. 

(d) he would go and see himself.

Error                    Correction 

(a) for                    of 

(b) was                  is 

(c) extra                excess 

(d) physically        physical

Wind pollinated flowers have light-weight, non-sticky, dry and winged pollens. The well-exposed stamens help in easy dispersal of pollen grains. The stigma is sticky, large and feathery to trap pollen grains floating in the air. Numerous flowers are packed together to form inflorescence.

Insect pollinated flowers are large, sticky and brightly coloured with honey and nectar glands to attract insects. They are highly fragrant and the stigma is sticky.

Both Yucca plant and the moth cannot complete their life cycles without each other. The moth deposits its eggs in the locule of the ovary and the flower in turn, gets pollinated by the moth. The larvae of the moth come out of the eggs as the seeds start developing.