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Multiple entries in various accounts will make a ledger.  Taking all the ledger balances and presenting them in a single worksheet as on a particular date is Trial Balance. To understand a trial balance, we must first understand the following-

• Double entry system – Recording two entries for a single transaction that is equal and opposite in nature
• Journal – All transactions recorded in double entry system of bookkeeping
• Ledger – Summary of all journals of a similar nature.

Following are the limitations of incomplete records: 

(a) As double entry system is not followed, a trial balance cannot be prepared. 

(b) Correct ascertainment and evaluation of financial result of business operations cannot be made.

The bills of exchange as instruments of credit are used frequently in business because of the following advantages:

(a) Framework for relationships: A bill of exchange represents an instrument, which provides a framework for enabling the credit transaction between the seller/creditor and buyer/debtor on an agreed basis.

(b) Certainty of terms and conditions: The creditor knows the time when (s)he would receive the money so also debtor is fully aware of the date by which (s)he has to pay the money. This is due to the fact that terms and conditions of the relationships between debtor and creditor such as amount required to be paid; date of payment; interest to be paid, if any, place of payment are clearly mentioned in the bill of exchange.

(c) Convenient means of credit: A bill of exchange enables the buyer to buy the goods on credit and pay after the period of credit. However, the seller of goods even after extension of credit can get payment immediately either by discounting the bill with the bank or by endorsing it in favour of a third party.

(a) Purchase of a fixed asset 

(b) Construction of building 

(c) Custom duty paid on import of a machinery

(b) A constant

1. If the work done by the force on the body is positive then its kinetic energy increases. 

2. If the work done by the force on the body is negative then its kinetic energy decreases. 

3. If there is no work done by the force on the body then there is no change in its kinetic energy, which means that the body has moved at constant speed provided its mass remains constant. 

4. When a particle moves with constant speed in a circle, there is no change in the kinetic energy of the particle. So according to work energy principle, the work done by centripetal force is zero.

Molar specific heat capacity is defined as heat energy required to increase the temperature of one mole of substance by IK or 1°C

When a heavy nucleus of an unstable atom like uranium -235 breaks up an bombardment with low energy neutrons into smaller atoms. It emits a, p and y radiations with large amount of energy. This process is called nuclear fission.
Advantages:

1. It is used to generate electricity.

2. It is used to treat diseases like cancer.

3. The fuel once filled can be used for a long time.

Disadvantages: It causes health hazards due to emission of harmful radiations like a, p and y radiations,

1. safe disposable of nuclear wastes is a big handicap.

Though the records are incomplete, the trader has to ascertain the profit or loss of his business and the position regarding assets and liabilities. Two methods are adopted for ascertainment of profit or loss. 

They are:

1. Ascertainment of profit or loss by statement of affair method.

2. Preparation of profit and loss account and balance sheet under conversion method.

1. Statement of Affair Method:

Under this method, profit or loss can be ascertained by comparing the capital at the beginning and at the end of the financial period. For this purpose, two statements are prepared.

a. Statement of Affairs:

It is a statement prepared by presenting the assets on one side and liabilities on the other side as in the case of a balance sheet. The difference between the totals of the two sides is known as “owners equity or capital”.

Owner equity or capital = Asset – Liabilities

b. Statement of profit or loss:

The statement prepared to ascertain the profit or loss by comparing the opening capital with closing capital is called statement of profit or loss. If the capital at the end of the year exceeds the capital in the beginning of the year, the difference will be treated as “profit.” On the other hand, If the capital in the beginning of the year is more than that at the end of the year, there is “loss.”

2. Conversion Method:

Under single entry system, nominal accounts and real accounts (other than cash) are not maintained. Hence it is not possible to prepare the profit and loss account and balance sheet under the system. In such a situation, financial statements are to be prepared by converting accounts under single entry to that under double entry. This method of preparing financial statements is called conversion method.

Principle of working of solar cooker: 

The glass sheet placed in the box alloes the sun heat (rays) to be absorbed by the black surface of box but does not allow the heat so absorbed to leave the box easily. This is because the glass has the peculiar properly to pass through it only such infrared radiations which have wavelength near to visible light. It does not allow infrared radiations of higher wavelength to come out of the solar cooker. Thus the temperature. Now the wavelength of infrared radiations inside the box is higher than those from outside. Hence, heat from the box does not pass out through glass sheet. Further inside black of the cooker absorb maximum heat.

Major Disadvantages:

1. Solar energy is available in highly diffused focus.

2. Proper devices to concentrate and store solar energy are not available as yet.

Semiconductor strain gauges are preferred to metal resistance strain gauges because Semiconductor gauges have higher sensitivities.

As  wheels are couple the radius will be squared 

F₁=F₂ 

mrA²ωA²=mrB²ωB² as the masses are same

 rA²ωA²=rB²ω² 

3r²BωA²=rB²ω² 

9ωA²=ωB² 

ωA÷ωB=1:3

(i) (c) 

(ii) (a) 

(iii) (a) 

(iv) (a) 

(v) (b) 

(vi) (c)

The Correct Answer is Qutub-ud-din Aibak.

• Qutb-ud-din Aibak was enslaved as a boy and sold to Sultan Muhammad Ghori at Ghazni.
• Impressed with his ability and loyalty the Sultan elevated him to the rank of the viceroy of the conquered provinces in India.
• Muhammad Bin Bhakthiyar Khalji, a Turkish general from Afghanistan assisted him in conquering Bihar and Bengal.
• Qutb-ud-din Aibak reigned for four years (1206 to 1210 CE) and died in 1210 in Lahore.

• Ghiyas ud din Balban was the ninth sultan of the Mamluk dynasty of Delhi.
• Ghiyas ud Din was the regent of the last Shamsi sultan, Nasiruddin Mahmud.
• Ikhtiyar al-Din Muḥammad Bakhtiyar was a Turko-Afghan military general who led the Muslim conquests of the eastern Indian regions of Bengal and Bihar and established himself as their ruler.
• Shams-ud-din Iltutmish (1210-36) of Turkish extraction was a slave of Qutbud-din Aibak.
• Many of his elite slaves were also of Turkish and Mongol ancestry.
• They were brought to Delhi by merchants from trade centres like Bukhara, Samarqand, and Baghdad. 

Basically, cow are allowed to wander anywhere and they always wander in search of grass or food to eat and after an exhausting day ,they themselves go to there home without anyone taking them like the cow's owner or someone.

Mara gets two dreams in the course of the play. The first time, it is the dream of the Goddess who urges Mara to get a bank built for river Veda so that she could find a home for herself. The second time, it is the same Goddess, furious that her plaything Veda has been imprisoned in the man-made bank.

Fourteen rupees.

The speaker directly addresses someone else and asks this person to imagine old age, a time of grey hair and general tiredness. The speaker tells the addressee to pick up this book when they're falling asleep by the fire, and to read from it, while dreaming of the soft and shadowed look the addressee's own eyes used to have.

The addressee should also think of how many people loved the addressee's gracefulness and beauty, whether or not these people were sincere in their love. But there was one man who genuinely loved the addressee's emotional and spiritual restlessness. This man also loved the sadness that showed on the addressee's face as it changed over the years.

The speaker imagines the addressee bending down to tend to a fire and muttering sadly about how love ran away to walk restlessly in the mountains and hide among the stars of the night.

Centre of curvature is not a part of spherical mirror rather it lies outside the mirror.

In the case of concave mirror centre of curvature lies in front of the reecting.

 Spherical mirror with reecting surface curved inwards is called concave mirror.

c. both A and B

A. instantaneous velocity

2 types of spherical mirrors.

Correct option (a) 0

Explanation:

Identify an AP which satisfies the given condition. 

Suppose we are talking about the second and third terms of the AP. 

Then an AP with second term 3 and third term 2 satisfies the condition. 

 A times the a^th term = b times the b^th term. 

 In this case the value of a = 2 and b = 3. 

Hence, for the (a + b^)th term, we have to find the 5^th term.

It is clear that the 5^th term of the AP must be zero. 

Check the other three options to see whether any option gives 0 when a = 2 and b = 3. 

Since none of the options b, c or d gives zero for this particular value,

Two factors on which thermo e.m.f. produced in thermocuple depends-

 (i) It depends upon the nature of metals consisting the thermocouple.

(ii) It depends  upon the temperature difference between the hot and cold junctions.

According to the theory of spontaneous generation, life originated from disintegrable and detritus husk and mud. This theory was acceptable for many years but later on discarded 

Diseases or infections which are transmitted through sexual intercourse are collectively called sexually transmitted disease (STD) or veneral disease (V.D.) or reproductive tract infections (RTI)

e.g. Gonorrhoea, HIV/AIDS, syphilis, genital herpes. 

Tubectomy is a sterilization process of women. In this process, a small part of the fallopian tube is removed or tied up through a small incision in the abdomen or through vagina of female. 

Biotechnology has been applied at several levels for the benefit of plant, animals and human beings, which includes production of hygienic food by genetic manipulation. Biotechnology is being used in many industries as alcohol formation, bakery, medical field (such as formation of medicines, genetic consultations, pre-parturition diagnosis, gene therapy etc.) agriculture as in the preparation of high yielding and disease resistance crops and in DNA finger-printings. 

Bee keeping to be useful in agriculture yield / honey/bee wax/pollination

Correct option: (3) 

Explanation: 

In lac operon

i gene - Repressor

z gene - β-galactosidase

y gene - Permease

a gene -  Transacetylase

Correct option: (1) Auxin and Ethylene

Explanation: 

Plant hormone auxin induces flowering in pineapple. Ethylene also helps in synchronization of flowering and fruit set up in pineapple.

Correct option: (3) Inbreeding selects harmful recessive genes that reduce fertility and productivity

Explanation: 

Inbreeding exposes harmful recessive genes that are eliminated by selection. It also helps in accumulation of superior genes and elimination of less desirable genes. Therefore this is selection at each step, increase the productivity of inbred population. Close and continued inbreeding usually reduces fertility and even productivity.

Correct option: (2) 

Explanation: 

Microbes are used in production of several household and industrial products –

Lactobacillus – Production of curd

Saccharomyces cerevisiae – Bread making

Aspergillus niger – Citric acid production

Acetobacter aceti – Acetic acid

Correct option: (4) Bi-directional

Explanation: 

The direction of movement of sugar in phloem is bi-directional as it depends on source-sink relationship which is variable in plants.

Correct option: (4) Parthenogenesis

Explanation: 

The phenomenon in which female gamete develops into embryo without getting fused with male gamete (fertilisation) is called parthenogenesis.

The correct answer is 2967.

• The count of tigers in India has risen to 2967, in 2018 as per the fourth cycle of All India Tiger Estimation – 2018.
• Madhya Pradesh saw the highest number of tigers at 526, closely followed by Karnataka at 524 with Uttarakhand at number 3 with 442 tigers.
• The data was collected over nearly 15 months involving a survey of 381,400 sq. km. of forested habitats, 522,996 km of walk by State Forest officials, laying of 317,958 habitat plots, totaling a human investment of 5, 93,882 man-days.
• Cameras were placed in 26760 locations which gave a total of 35 million images of wildlife including 76523 images of tigers.
• Segregation of the images as possible in a short time because of the use of artificial intelligence software.

The correct option is (c) black holes

A body is said to be a black body if it perfectly absorbs and radiates the energy but does not reflect it.  A pin hole box is an ideal black body. Black board and kajal although black in colour need not to be black body.