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Unsaturated hydrocarbons those are having carbon - carbon double bond are known as alkenes.

The general formula of alkenes is C_n H_2n

Example : Ethylene (CH₂ = CH₂).

We should always add an acid to water, otherwise so much heat is produced during reaction that the container specially that of glass may break. The hot contents may also cause an explosion and spill on our clothes and body resulting serious acid burns. Mixing an acid with water resulting decrease in the concentration of ions per unit volume. It reduces the risk.

The Chipko Movement was triggered by a government decision to allot forest land to a sports goods company. Angered by the move, villagers formed circles around the trees to prevent them from being cut.

A major impact of the Chipko movement was that it prompted the Union government to amend the Indian Forest Act, 1927, and introduced the Forest Conservation Act 1980, which says forest land cannot be used for non-forest purpose.

1. Junagadh: The Nawab of Junagadh declared accession to Pakistan much against the wishes of the people of the state. They were in favour of joining India. After the declaration of accession, they rose in rebellion against the Nawab. As a result, he fled to Pakistan. A Plebiscite was held in which the people voted to accede to Indian Union. Later Junagadh was merged with Saurashtra.

2. Hyderabad: Hyderabad, the largest of the Princely States was surrounded by Indian Territory. Its ruler the ‘Nizam’ wanted an independent status. He made a ‘Standstill Agreement’ with India in November 1947 to maintain the status quo which existed before 1947. But the Indian Government felt that an independent Hyderabad would pose security threat.

In the meantime, there was a movement against the oppressive rule of the nizam. The peasantry and the women joined in large numbers. His paramilitary forces named Razakars, raped, maimed, looted, murdered and targeted the non-Muslims.

To end this anarchy, the Indian army entered into Hyderabad in September 1948. This police action is known as ‘Operation Polo’. The Nizam surrendered and it was followed by complete accession of Hyderabad into Indian Union.

3. Kashmir: Jammu and Kashmir was a Princely State. Its ruler Hari Singh, was a Hindu and the population was largely Muslims (77%). They did not merge with India or Pakistan but wanted an independent status for the state. There was a popular movement led by Sheikh Abdullah. They were against joining Pakistan also. They thought of themselves as Kashmiris.

In October 1947, Kashmir was invaded by tribal infiltrators of Pakistan. This forced the Maharaja to seek Indian military help. India reacted positively after ‘Instrument of Accession’ was signed on 26^th October 1947. To resolve the crisis, the Constituent Assembly of India made a special provision through Art. 370, to provide a separate constitution to the state along with other provisions.

In 1951, the Constituent Assembly met in the state to frame a Constitution. In February 1954, the accession of the state to India was ratified by the constitution, legalising it. In November 1956, it adopted a constitution legalising the status of J & K as a unit of the Indian Union.

• King Hari Singh of Kashmir remained independent after August 1947. 
• Pakistan sent tribal terrorists to invade Kashmir. 
• Pakistan feared Kashmir would join India. 
• India could not help Harisingh as Kashmir was not a part of India. 
• So Harisingh joined India in October 1947, 
• Indian Army were successful in driving away the tribal warriors. 
• North – East Kashmir still remains with Pakistan as Pakistan occupied Kashmir (POK).

(i) Maharaj Sayajirao University - Vadodara

Correct answer is c) John Rawls.

1. It may be said that Voltaire was the founder of modern historiography. 

2. The main office of the National Film Archives of India is located in Pune.  

3. The newspaper Prabhakar was started by Bhau Mahajan.

4. Bhilar near Mahabaleshwar is known as the village of books.

Professional opportunities in the field of arts - 

Points: • journalism 

• assessment of value of artifacts 

• heritage management - museums and archives management 

• research

Applied Arts : • Advertisement 

• Interior design 

• Production of ornamental objects 

• Back stage 

• Art direction for films and television 

• Architecture

• Photography 

• Computer graphics

Points: • repairing old artefacts or monuments 

• cleanliness campaign on forts 

• creating public awareness regarding tampering beauty of historical monuments. 

• communicating with the archaeological department or institutions associated with conservation regarding bad condition of historical site through media like newspaper, letter, etc. 

• conservation of literary sources of history. 

• giving old documents to institutions doing research and conservation. 

• storage of folk stories, traditions in written format.

(a) Let the number be x 

Then 3x/5-2x/5=250 

x = 250 × 5 = 1250

The Emergence 0f Indian Nationalism was written by Anil Seal.

India today was considered as an authoritative Marxist work.

(a) From the given alternatives, 1763 = 43 × 41

Pinjar was written by Amrita pro-am.

Trading corporation  the role of East India Company in India from 1600 to 1757.

The dark dancer, a novel authored by Balachandrarajan.

The Act of 1861 increased the strength of viceroy’s council to 5.

Tantia Tope help did Lakshmibhai capture Gwalior.

Charles grant was a Belgaum,1934 historian.

William Hunter was an administrative historian.

15 number of major rebellions from 1763 to 1856.

A TRAIN TO PAKISTAN novel written by Kushwant Sing.

The governor general council came in to being in the year 1784.

The widow Remarriage Act passed 1856.

The first modern arsenal was established at Dindigal.

Dhondu Pant  the real name of Nana Saheb.

1765 – 1772 the period of the dual system of administration in Bengal.

1772 the system of dual government ended in Bengal.

After return to Britain, Robert Clive died in 1774 due to committed suicide.

Safety valve theory is associated with Indian National Congress.

The important Indian subaltern writers are Gyan Pandey.

The subaltern historians focussed on Subjugated.

Mahatma Gandhi the nationalist leader associated with the paper Harijan.

Lord Dalhousie proposed a railway system for the whole country in 1853.

Permanent settlement destroyed the peasants’ rights over the land cultivated by them.

Clive returned to Bengal as its Governor in 1765.

In 1757 the English start draining Bengal of her wealth on a larger scale.

Macaulay is did not hold the governorship of Bengal.

C. Rajagopalachari is  the first Indian governor general of India.

Quit India resolution was passed on August 8.

Correct option: a) Recce

Patel the home minister of free India.

Lakshmi Bai name did Subhas Bose raise a women detachment of the INA.

Patel the first deputy prime minister of India.