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Option : B. Herbivores

The properties of carbon that are responsible form a large number of organic compounds are

(a) Catenation and 

(b) Tetravalency

Option : B. DDT

The correct answer is D. None of the above. 

Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) will not go down through any of those means because it is in your blood. Once you consume alcohol, it is immediately absorbed into your bloodstream by your stomach. Once it is in there, it cannot come out until the liver metabolizes it.

Natural selection and genetic drift both result in a change in the frequency of alleles in a population, so both are mechanisms of evolution. Genetic drift causes evolution by random chance due to sampling error, whereas natural selection causes evolution on the basis of fitness.

Natural selection is the process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change. Through this process of natural selection, favorable traits are transmitted through generations. Natural selection can lead to speciation, where one species gives rise to a new and distinctly different species

The Right option is :(b) Only I

(d) gases released by a volcanic eruption.

(d) All the above

(b) Radioactive contamination or pollution causes severe life- threatening consequences in organisms. Because of the radioactive decay of the contaminants, which emit harmful ionising radiation such as alpha or beta particles, gamma rays or neutrons, genetic mutations occur which are hereditary. Carcinogenic contaminants cause cancers.

(d) Global warming is the increase in the global temperature. It has put many negative impacts on glaciers causing them to start melting, so, rise of sea level. Unpredictable weather conditions prevailing in some geographical areas are some of the other effects of global warming.

Limitations of Controlling

(a) Difficulty in setting Quantitative Standards – It becomes very difficult to compare the actual performance with the predetermined standards, if these standards are not expressed in quantitative terms. This is especially so in areas of job satisfaction, human behavior an employee morale.

(b) No control on External Factors – An organization fails to have control on external factor like technological changes, competition, government policies, and changes in taste of consumers etc. 

(c) Resistance from Employees – Often employees resist the control systems since they consider them as curbs on their freedom. For example surveillance through closed circuit television (CCTV). 

(d) Costly Affair – Controlling involves a lot of expenditure, time and effort, thus a costly affair. Managers are required to ensure that the cost involved in installing and operating a control system should not be more than the benefits expected from it.

The Correct Answer is Vivek Express - Dibrugarh to Kanyakumari.

• On the Indian Railways network, Vivek Express is a series of express trains.
• These trains were announced by the then Railway Minister in the Railway Budget of 2011-12.
• These trains were launched to celebrate Swami Vivekananda's 150th birthday, in 2013.
• It has the longest route on the Indian Railway network in terms of distance and time and is actually the 24th longest in the world.

• The Himsagar Express is a weekly Indian Railway express train that runs from Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu, India's southernmost state, to Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra in Jammu and Kashmir, India's northernmost state. In terms of distance and time, it is the third longest-running train on the Indian Railways at present.
• A weekly train running between Katra and Mangalore Central is the Navyug Express or the "New-Era" Express. The distance of 3,685 km takes around 68 hours and is the fifth-longest distance travelled by any Indian train.

• Internship Training – An internship training program works through a collaboration between an educational institute and business firms. This training method is very popularly used in case of professional like doctors, engineers, lawers etc. It is a method of on the job training.’ 
•  Apprenticeship Training – Apprenticeship training in India, is covered under apprenticeship Act 1961. As per the Provisions of the Act, it is provided to the people etc. Under this method training, the trainee acquires the knowledge and skill related to a particular line of specialization under guidance of a master worker. 
• Induction Training - Induction training is provided to the new employees of an organization so as to familiarizes them with the organizational rules and policies, their superior and subordinate, important places in the organization like, both room, conference room and so on.

Planning is the most important function of management. A good business plan can show you a proper way to define business goals and strategies on how to achieve those goals.

(b) time deposits of banks

The Correct Answer is Jharkhand.

• Sarhul is the regional public of Shukla Tritiya in the eastern Indian state of Jharkhand on Chaitra, the third day of the waxing moon (after the new moon) in the Hindu month of Chaitra.
• The festivities revolve around the sal tree.
• In Jharkhand, the Sal tree (Shorea robusta) is the most important source of timber and its leaves are used to make bowls in which offerings during festivals are made to deities.
• During Sarhul, the Saal flowers are used for the worship of the deity. The Pahan (village priest) fills three fresh clay pots with water on the eve of the feast.
• Sarhul is a significant festival for the tribes of the Oraon, the Munda and the Ho.
• The Santals, another larger Jharkhand tribe, also celebrate the festival as the "festival of flowers"

• Setting objectives.
• The first step in the planning process involves laying down, clear, specific and measurable objective for the organization as a whole and also with respect the each department or unit within the organization. 
• Developing premises. 
• Planning cannot be done without anticipating future events.
•  As future is uncertain the manager are required to make certain assumptions about future in terms of customer preference, competition, interest rates, state of economy, government policy and so on. These assumptions are known as planning premises. 
• The premises so developed set the limit within the planning should be carried out. Thus, accurate forecasting is the essence of successful planning.
• The next logical step that follows after stating the objectives and developing premises, is identifying all the alternative courses of action which are available for consideration. 
• Evaluating alternative courses.
• After listing the various possible alternative, it is important to analyse the relative pros and cons of each alternative in light of their viability and significance.
• This is a very important step in planning as accurate analysis of various alternative is imperative for correct decision making.

The various points which highlights the need of understanding the business environment by the managers and described below: 

•  It enables the firm to identify opportunities and getting the first mover advantages: 
•  Business environment not only provides opportunities for growth but at the same time sometimes it may threaten the very existence of the business firms as well. 
• If a business is able to identify a forth coming opportunity and of use it to the best of its advantage it is said to have made the first mover advantage. 
• It helps the firm to identify threats and early warning signals. 
• In the context of business the term threat to those trends and changes in the business environment which are likely to create an adverst effect on the performance of an organization. 
• Environmental threats may be considered to be an early warning signal which if comprehended on time by the business managers, can help to avert severe consequences. 
• It helps in coping with rapid changes. 
• The present day business environment is market by rampat changes in the various spheres like, day business are more demanding, there are frequent up gradations in technology, globalization of the world economy and so on. 
• It helps in assisting in planning and policy formulation. 
• The various policies of business should be framed by taking into consideration the future state of affairs that a business is likely to encounter in terms of both opportunities and threats. 
• If the business managers posses a complete understanding of various aspects related to their business environment, it will provide the basis for successful planning in the organizations. 

b) Sacrifice 1/8 

Universal Applicability

• all types of organizations, whether economic, social or political 
• to all sizes of organizations whether large scale or medium scale or small scale. 
• However, so as to achieve the desired result. 

General Guidelines 

• The principles of management are considered to be general guidelines to managerial action. 
• They do not provide any readymade or straitjacket solutions to all managerial problems. This is because the real business situations are complex and dynamic in nature, as they are dependent on a large number of factors. 

Formed by Practice and Experimentation. 

• The principles of management are formulated by the management experts through observations and personal experiences. Furthermore, they are tested through repeated experimentations so as to establish their validity.

Flexible 

•  The principles of management are not rigid prescriptions, which have to be followed absolutely. 
• They are flexible in nature and can be modified by the manager in the light of given situation so as so achieve the desired goals.

Correct option is 

A. (i)-(d) (ii)-(c ) (iii) (b) (iv)-(a)

c. Workmen Compensation Reserve A/c Dr 30,000 

To X’ Capital or current A/c 12,000 

To Y’ Capital or current A/c 6,000 

To Z’ Capital or current A/c 12,000 

A. (i)-(b) (ii)-(c ) (iii) (d) (iv)-(a) 

1. Systematic activity 

2. Innovation

K = Knowledge 

A = Attitude 

S = Skills 

H = Habits

Knowledge Attitude Skills and Habits used in sales & motivational training. 

There's a girl by the Tracks, by Deven Kanal describes accidents that take place due to the overcrowded suburban electric trains of Mumbai. Once a girl called Roma Talreja fell off a moving train between two stations. There wasn't anyone around. Baleshwar, who was in another train, saw roma's body and stopped his train by pulling the red chain. This story deals with the important role that Baleshwar plays to save Roma's life.

Baleshwar was a very unhappy schoolboy. In the first and second years he was a good student. From the third standard onwards, he seemed to have lost interest in studies.

Answer: Mainstream market trends were popular with undergraduates.

Marketing is concerned with exchange of goods and services from producers to consumers in such a way that maximises the satisfaction of customers’ needs. 

The various functions of marketing include: 

1. Gathering and Analysing marketing information: One of the important functions of a marker is to gather and analyse market information. This is necessary to identify the needs of the customers and take various decisions for the successful marketing of the product and services. 

2. Marketing planning: Another important area of work of a marketers is to develop appropriate marketing plans so that the marketing.objectives of the organisation can be achieved A complete marketing plan covering aspects like plan for increasing production, promotion of the products etc, and action programmes to achieve these objectives are to be developed. 

3. Product Designing and Development: The design of the product contributes to making the product attractive to the target customers: A good design can improve performance of a product and also give it a competitive advantage in the market. 

4. Standardisation and Grading: Standardisation refers to producing goods of Predetermined specifications, which helps in achieving uniformity and consistency in the output. Standardisation ensures the buyers that goods confirm to the pre-determined standards of quality, price, and packaging. Grading is the process of classification of products into different groups, on the basis of some of the important characteristics such as quality, size, etc., Grading ensures that goods belong to a particular quality and helps in realising higher prices for high quality output. 

5. Packaging and Labeling: Packaging refers to designing and developing the package for the products. Labeling refers to designing and developing the label to be put on the package. Packaging and labeling have become so important in marketing that these are considered as the pillars of marketing. Packaging protects the products and also acts as an effective promotion tool. 

6. Branding: brand name helps in creating product differentiation. It provides basis for distinguishing the product of a firm with that of the competitor. Branding also helps in building customer’s loyalty and promotes sales of a product. 

7. Customer support services: These include after sales services, handing customer complaints, procuring credit services, maintenance services, technical services and consumer information. All these services aim at providing maximum satisfaction to the customers. Which is the key to marketing success in modern days. 

8. Pricing of product: Price of product refers to the amount of money customers have to pay to obtain a product the marketers have to properly analyse the factors determining the price of a product and then take several other decision such as setting the pricing objectives, determining the pricing strategies, determining the price and changing the prices etc. 

9. Promotion: It involves informing the customers about the firms product, its features etc, and persuading them to buy these products. The four important methods of promotion include advertising, personal selling, publicity and sales promotion. Deciding the budget for promotion, promotional tools to be used etc, are important decisions to be taken by a marketer in this area. 

10. Physical Distribution: 

The two major areas under this function include 

1. Decision regarding channels of distribution. 

2. Physical movement of the product from the place of its production to the ultimate consumer’s place. Managing Inventory, storage, and warehousing, transportation, etc, are key areas under this physical distribution function. 

Conclusion: The modern functions of marketing emphasises more on customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction itself leads to survival and growth of an organisations. From the view point of management function, the above activities are referred to as the functions of marketing.

Marketing is concerned with exchange of goods and services from producers to consumers in such a way that maximises the satisfaction of customers’ needs. 

The various functions of marketing include: 

1. Gathering and Analysing marketing information: One of the important functions of a marker is to gather and analyse market information. This is necessary to identify the needs of the customers and take various decisions for the successful marketing of the product and services. 

2. Marketing planning: Another important area of work of marketers is to develop appropriate marketing plans so that the marketing.objectives of the organisation can be achieved A complete marketing plan covering aspects like plan for increasing production, promotion of the products etc, and action programmes to achieve these objectives are to be developed. 

3. Product Designing and Development: The design of the product contributes to making the product attractive to the target customers: A good design can improve performance of a product and also give it a competitive advantage in the market. 

4. Standardisation and Grading: Standardisation refers to producing goods of Predetermined specifications, which helps in achieving uniformity and consistency in the output. Standardisation ensures the buyers that goods confirm to the pre-determined standards of quality, price, and packaging. Grading is the process of classification of products into different groups, on the basis of some of the important characteristics such as quality, size, etc., Grading ensures that goods belong to a particular quality and helps in realising higher prices for high quality output. 

5. Packaging and Labeling: Packaging refers to designing and developing the package for the products. Labeling refers to designing and developing the label to be put on the package. Packaging and labeling have become so important in marketing that these are considered as the pillars of marketing. Packaging protects the products and also acts as an effective promotion tool. 

6. Branding: brand name helps in creating product differentiation. It provides basis for distinguishing the product of a firm with that of the competitor. Branding also helps in building customer’s loyalty and promotes sales of a product. 

7. Customer support services: These include after sales services, handing customer complaints, procuring credit services, maintenance services, technical services and consumer information. All these services aim at providing maximum satisfaction to the customers. Which is the key to marketing success in modern days. 

8. Pricing of product: Price of product refers to the amount of money customers have to pay to obtain a product the marketers have to properly analyse the factors determining the price of a product and then take several other decision such as setting the pricing objectives, determining the pricing strategies, determining the price and changing the prices etc. 

9. Promotion: It involves informing the customers about the firms product, its features etc, and persuading them to buy these products. The four important methods of promotion include advertising, personal selling, publicity and sales promotion. Deciding the budget for promotion, promotional tools to be used, etc are important decisions to be taken by a marketer in this area. 

10. Physical Distribution: The two major areas under this function include 

• Decision regarding channels of distribution. 
• Physical movement of the product from the place of its production to the ultimate consumer’s place. Managing Inventory, storage, and warehousing, transportation, etc, are key areas under this physical distribution function. 

Conclusion: The modern functions of marketing emphasises more on customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction itself leads to survival and growth of an organisations. From the view point of management function, the above activities are referred to as the functions of marketing.

1. A Consumer 

2. Any Registered Consumer Association

Bangalore

1^st March, 2019

From

xxxx

No. 74, I cross,

M.L. Layout Bangalore – 560 086

To

The Registrar

Karnataka State Consumer Dispute Redressal Commission Cunningham Road

Bangalore

Dear Sir,

Sub: Complaint regarding service of two wheeler-Regarding On 1^st February, 2019, I had bought a kinetic Honda Two wheeler [Model No.] I made this purchase at Mahalakshmi lay out Raveesh showroom on 1^st February, 2019 by paying an amount of Rupees

[Bill Enclosed]

Unfortunately, the two-wheeler is not working properly and the Pick-up is not proper. The brake – systems are also not up to the mark.

To resolve the problem, I approached the show – room authorities who in turn guided me to the authorized service centre. But, the service centre authorities are not ready to do the needful free – of – cost though the warranty period is still on for the vehicle

I look forward to your reply and a resolution to my problem. I am enclosing herewith the receipts, warranty card details, model details of the vehicle bill and other details of the vehicle] Please lodge a complaint against the seller and kindly ensure that timely action is taken in this regard.

Thanking you

Yours faithfully

xxxx

Enclosures: 

1. Bill 

2. Warranty card 

3. Model details

Stock Exchange means any body of individuals, whether incorporated or not, constituted for the purpose of assisting, regulating or controlling the business of buying and selling or dealing in securities. 

The following are the important functions of stock exchange: 

1. Providing liquidity and marketability to existing securities: The basic function of a stock exchange is the creation of a continuous market where securities are bought and sold. It gives investors the chance to disinvest and reinvest. This provides both liquidity and easy marketability to already existing securities in the market. 

2. Pricing of Securities: Share prices on a stock exchange are determined by the forces of demand and supply. A stock exchange is a mechanism of constant valuation through which the prices of securities are determined. Such a valuation provides important instant information to both buyers and sellers in the market. 

3. Safety of Transaction: The membership of a stock exchange is well regulated and its dealings are well defined according to the existing legal framework. This ensures that the investing public gets a safe and fair deal on the market. 

4. Contributes to Economic Growth: A stock exchange is a market in which existing securities are resold or traded. Through this process of disinvestment and reinvestment, savings get channelized into their most productive investment avenues. This leads to capital formation and economic growth. 

5. Spreading of Equity Cult: The stock exchange can play a vital role in ensuring wider share ownership by regulating new issues, better trading practices and taking effective steps in educating the public about investments. 

6. Providing scope for speculation: The stock exchange provides sufficient scope within the provisions of law for speculative activity in a restricted and controlled manner. It is generally accepted that a certain degree of healthy speculation is necessary to ensure liquidity and price continuity in the stock market. 

7. Regulates company management: Listed companies have to comply with rules and regulations of concerned stock exchange authorities. Thus, stock exchanges put the burden on the company to have healthy practices. 

8. Price Stability: There are many operators who buy from a stock exchange where securities are cheaper and sell in other stock exchanges where the prices for the same securities are higher. This process is known as arbitrage. These operators bring about stability in the prices of securities among various stock markets. 

9. Capital Mobility: The trading of various securities enables an investor to move his funds from one sector to another or from one industry to another. Investors can divert their investments from less profitable enterprises to more profitable enterprises. 

10. Serves as economic barometer: A Stock Exchange is not only an indicator of the state of health of individual companies but also of the overall situation and economy as a whole. Even a small change in the internal environment of any company or in the political, economic and social environment of the country gets reflected in the prices of securities on the stock exchange.

Answer is : (b) Both Assertion (A) and Reasoning (R) are true, but Reasoning (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

Perfect and complete communication does not take place many times due to certain obstacles which are known as barriers to communication. 

Following are the barriers to effective communication: 

1. Physical barriers: Internal structure of the organization and layout of office machines and equipments creates physicala barriers in communication. 

Physical barriers include: 

• Distance 
• Noise 
• Physical arrangement. 

2. Semantic barriers: The use of difficult and multiple uses of languages, words, figures, and symbols create semantic barriers. 

Some semantic barriers are: 

• Language 
• Jargons. 

3. Organisational barriers: These arise from the organizational goals, regulations, structure, and culture. Organisational barriers include: 

• Poor planning 
• Structure complexities 
• Status differences 
• Organisational distance 
• Information overload 
• Timing 

4. Psychological barriers: These are the barriers to effective communication created due to lack of interest in the people for whom the communication is meant. People do not pay attention to the communication in which they are not interested. 

Examples for psychological barriers are: 

• Perception 
• Filtering 
• Distrust 
• Emotions 

Viewpoint Following are the ways to overcome barriers to effective communication: 

1. Clarity of ideas: The problem to be communicated to subordinates should be clear in all aspects. The entire problem should be studied in-depth, analysed and stated in such a manner that is clearly conveyed to subordinates. 

2. Communicate according to the needs of receiver: The level of understanding of receiver should be crystal clear to the communicator. Manager should adjust his communication according to the education and understanding levels of subordinates. 

3. Consult others before communicating: Before actually communicating the message, it is better to involve others in developing a plan for communication. Participation and involvement of subordinates may help to gain ready acceptance and willing cooperation of subordinates. 

4. Be aware of languages, tone, and content of message: The contents of the message, tone, and language used, manner in which the message is to be communicated are the important aspects of effective communication. The language used should be understandable to the receiver and should not offend the sentiments of listeners. 

5. Convey things of help and value to listeners: While conveying message to others, it is better to know the interests and needs of the people with whom you are communicating. If the message relates directly or indirectly to such interests and needs it certainly evokes a response from communicate. 

6. Ensure proper feedback: The communicator may ensure the success of communication by asking questions regarding the message conveyed. The receiver of communication may also be encouraged to respond to communication. The communication process may be improved by the feedback received to make it more responsive. 

7. Communicate for present as well as future: Generally, communication is needed to meet the existing commitments to maintain consistency; the communication should aim at future goals of the enterprise also. 

8. Follow up communications: There should be regular follow up and review on the instructions given to subordinates. Such follow up measures help in removing hurdles if any in implementing the instructions. 

9. Be a good listener: The manager should be a good listener. Patient and attentive listening solves half of the problems. Managers should also give indications of their interest in listening to their subordinates.

Answer is : (d) Only 1, 2 and 4 are correct.

The benefits of training and development to an organization are as follows: 

1. Training is a systematic learning. It is always better than hit and trial methods which lead to wastage of efforts and money. 

2. Training enhances employee productivity both in terms of quantity and quality, leading to higher profits. 

3. Training equips the future manager who can take over in case of emergency. 

4. Training increases employee morale and reduces absenteeism and employee turnover. 

5. It helps in obtaining effective response to fast changing environment – technological and economic. 

The benefits of training and development activity to the employees are as follows: 

1. Improved skills and knowledge due to training lead to better career of the individual. 

2. Increased performance by the individual helps him to earn more. 

3. Training makes the employee more efficient to handle machines. Thus, less prone to accidents. 

4. Training increases the satisfaction and morale of the employees.

Correct option is: (d) Only 1, 2 and 4 are correct

The history of nationalism in Britain was unlike that in the rest of Europe in the sense that it was forced down upon the masses. There was no concept of a British nation prior to the eighteenth century. The region was in fact inhabited by different ethnic groups (English, Welsh, Scot, Irish). Each group had its own cultural and political tradition. However, as the English state grew in terms of wealth, importance and power, it was able to extend its influence over the other states of the islands. The English parliament, which had seized power from the monarchy, played a crucial role in doing away with the ethnic distinctions and uniting the different groups into a British nation-state, with England at its centre. The ethnic nationalities were, directly or indirectly, forced to join the English state to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain. The symbols of new Britain—the British flag, the national anthem and the English language were widely popularised, while the distinctive identities of the other joining states were systematically suppressed. English culture dominated the British nation, while the other states became mere subsidiaries in the Union. Thus, nationalism in Britain did not come about as a result of the people’s desire to unite or countrywide movements for the same, but from the decisions of the people in power.

The history of nationalism in Britain unlike the rest of Europe because:

• In Britain the formation of the nation-state was not the result of a sudden upheaval or revolution.
• The primary identities of the people who inhabited the British Isles were ethnic ones - such as English, Welsh, Scot or Irish.
• The Act of Union (1707) between England and Scotland resulted in the formation of the 'United Kingdom of Great Britain' meant that England was able to impose its influence on Scotland. Scotland's distinctive culture and political institutions were systematically suppressed.
• The Scottish Highlanders were forbidden to speak their Gaelic language or wear their national dress and large numbers were forcibly driven out of their homeland.
• The English helped the Protestants of Ireland to establish their dominance over a largely Catholic country. Catholic revolts against British dominance were suppressed. Ireland was forcibly incorporated into the United Kingdom in 1801.
• The symbols of the new Britain - the British flag, the national anthem, the English language were actively promoted and the older nations survived only as subordinate partners in this union.

The ideas behind the Tonkin Free School were predominantly based on policies of westernisation. Students were taught science, hygiene and French, and were encouraged to adopt Western styles of dressing.
This school was a typical example of colonial ideas in Vietnam on account of the aforementioned. It rejected traditional Vietnamese education and lifestyle, and promoted western ideals and living.

Nationalist tensions emerged in the Balkans because of the spread of ideas of romantic nationalism as also the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire that had previously ruled over this area. The different Slavic communities in the Balkans began to strive for independent rule. They were jealous of each other and every state wanted more territory, even at the expense of others. Also, the hold of imperial power over the Balkans made the situation worse. Russia, Germany, England, Austro-Hungary all wanted more control over this area. These conflicts ultimately led to the First World War in 1914.

D. Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.

D. a computer science graduate who works at a call centre

A. Physical capital can be sold but human capital cannot be sold. 

A) Higher

Higher price will be fixed for a product having more features and attributes.

C) Maximizes

Maximizes availability of quality goods at a competitive price affect social welfare in society.

A ten rupee note has "Reserve Bank of India" written at the top, along with a statement "guaranteed by the central government", following it. It is a promissory note and can only be issued by the Reserve Bank of India which supervises all money-related functions in the formal sector, in India. The statement on the ten rupee bank note relates to this idea that the RBI is the central organ in the working of money-related activities.