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Nedungadi Bank, Imperial Bank, Indian National , Bank, Chartered Bank

Correct answer is (i) Samkshepa Vedartham 

After attaining political dominance, the British started to interfere in the powers of the kings and the landlords. The interference in the freedom and privileges that the native rulers and chieftains enjoyed for centuries invited antagonism.

The Congress to set up state Congress Committees on linguistic basis. Taking it is into consideration the first Kerala state political conference was held at Ottappalam in 1921 under the presidentship of T. Prakasam. Later Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee came into existence uniting Travancore, Kochi and Malabar regions. The Payyannur Congress conference chaised by Jawaharlal Nehru conceded a resolution demanding the reorganization of Kerala as a distinctive state after independence.

The United Kerala Resolution was passed both in the united Kerala conventions held at Thrissur and Aluva in 1947. Consequently the state of Thirukochi was formed on I July 1949 by joining Travancore and Kochi. E.M.S. Namboodiripad in his book, ‘Onnekalkodi Malayalikal’, placed the idea that the Kerala state was to be formed combining the Malayalam speaking regions. The state of Kerala came into existence on I November 1956 unifying Malabar, Kochi, and Thiruvitamkur as per the recommendation of the state recognization commission.

The British government encouraged cultivation aim-ing their markets. The encouraged coconut cultivation since there was demand for coconut products in foreign markets. In hill areas cash crops like coffee, tea, rubber were cultivated in large volumes. Majority of these plantations belonged to the British. In short, Kerala was made a place of commercial crop cultivation.

Vaikundaswamikal, who gave leadership to the move- menttoputan end to the disabilities of the Channar community in the Travancore region. It was he who provided the Channar sections with strong minds capable of fighting, by making them recognize their social position through making use of the educational opportunities inaugurated by the missionaries. The Channar women created history by staging a struggle for the right to wear upper clothes. The Channar Revolt for gaining this right, begun in 1822, came to a successful end in 1859. It was following this prolonged struggle that the Maharaja had to issue an order allowing Channar women to wear upper clothes.

• The Nagpur Session of Congress in 1920 decided to set up state Congress Committees on linguistic basis. Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee came into existence uniting Malabar, Kochi and Travancore.
• The first Kerala State Political Conference was held at Ottapalam in 1921 under the Chairmanship of T. Prakasam. 
• The Congress Session held at Payyanur in 1928 under the Chairmanship of Jawaharlal Nehru demanded the reorganization of Kerala as a distinctive state after independence. 
• The United Kerala Convention held at Thrissur in 1947 under the leadership of K.Kelappan and the United Kerala Conference held at Aluva after independence passed united kerala resolution.

• The British amended the existing trade laws of Travancore, Kochi and Malabar in their favour. 
• Introduced unified coinage and metrology systems.
• To improve transport facilities for carrying goods, constructed roads, bridges and railways. Developed the ports at Kochi, Kozhikode and Alappuzha for better trade facilities.

Instead of punishing the accused on the basis of his caste, after hearing the accused, unified punishment was given depending on the nature of the guilt. All were considered equal before law.

In Travancore, the land owned by the feudal lords were converted into Pandaravaka land or government land. The government of Travancore issued a famous proclamation in 1865, granting the tenants ownership of the lands they cultivated. This was known as Pandarapatta Proclamation.

There was lack of unity among the provinces in Kerala. The company could therefore easily suppress the resistance of people in Kerala. They also started educational institutions and hospitals. All these helped them to establish domination in Kerala.

• The British encouraged market-driven cultivation in the agricultural sector. 
• Coconut products had great demand in the foreign markets. So large scale cultivation of coconut started instead of paddy. 
• Paddy production declined. It resulted in food shortage. To overcome this situation, tapioca cultivation extended to large areas. 
• Coffee, tea, cardamom and rubber began to be cultivated as plantation crops in the high ranges.

• There was tremendous growth in foreign trade and Kerala has become a part of global market.
• Land relationships changed considerably and agriculture was commercialized.
• Large number of industries were established.
• Commercial crops were cultivated at large in plantations.
• Along with plantation corps, traditional and modern industries also grew up.

Correct answer is (ii) Dr.Palpu 

Payyannur Congress Session

• For evaluating the national, movements in Malabar, Kochi, and Travancore,
• Non-Co-operation movement, Malabar Rebellion, SaltSathyagraha, Quit India Movement.

• Ezhava Memorial was a representation submitted to the Maharaja of Travancore under the leadership of Dr.Palpu in 1896, signed by the members of the Ezhava community. 
• The memorial stressed on the problems faced by the Ezhava community.

Correct answer is (iii) Dr. Angelos Francis

Correct answer is (i) Nedungadi Bank 

• The Abstention movement was started by Christian, Muslim and Ezhava Communities in 1932 demanding reservation of the communities in legislature and government jobs in proportion to their population. 
• This struggle for responsible government was ledby N.VJoseph, P.K.KunjuandC.Kesavan. 
• Subsequently they formed ‘Joint Political Congress’ and exhorted the people to abstain from voting. 
• Following the agitation, a Public Service Commission was appointed to ensure the representation of backward classes.

Onnekal Kodi Malayalikal

• Nagpur Congress Session 1920. 
• First Kerala State Political Conference, Ottapalam 1921. 
• Formation of Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee. 
• Payyanur Congress Session 1928. 
• United Kerala Convention at Thrissur 1947. 
• Merger of Travancore – Kochi 1949 
• Formation States Reorganization Commission 1953. 
• State Reorganization Act 1956.

Steps to be followed in the event of earthquake: 

(i) If you are indoors, stand against a wall near the center of the building, stand in a doorway, or crawl under heavy furniture (a desk or a table). Stay away from windows and outside doors. 

(ii) If you are outdoors, stay in the open away from power lines or anything that might fall. Stay away from buildings (stuff might fall off the building or the building could fall on you). 

(iii) Don’t use matches, candles, or any flame. Broken gas lines and fire don’t mix.

(iv) If you are in a car, stop the car and stay inside the car until the earthquake stops.

(v) Don’t use elevators (they may get stuck).

Arguments for and against globalisation: In favour of globalisation: 

(i) Increase in employment opportunities: As globalization increases, more and more companies are setting up businesses in other countries. This, in turn, increases the employment opportunities that people at one place have. People can get better jobs without having to move to other countries in search of better jobs. 

(ii) Education: With the increase in globalization, it has become easier for people to move across borders to different parts of the world to acquire better education. This has resulted in an integration of cultures. People from underdeveloped and developing countries often move to developed countries to get better education. 

(iii) Increase in free trade: An increase in free trade has opened doors for investors in developed countries to invest their money in developing countries. Big companies from developed countries have the freedom to operate in developing countries. 

(iv) Faster flow of Information: Information flows from one part of the world to the other immediately, resulting in the world being tied together. Vital information can be shared between individuals and corporations at a very fast rate. It has also facilitated in increasing the ease of transporting people and goods. 

Argument against globalisation: 

(i) Environmental degradation: Developed countries can take advantage of underdeveloped countries’ weak regulatory laws in terms of environmental protection. 

(ii) Unfair working conditions: Many multinationals have been accused of social injustice by exploiting labour in underdeveloped countries in order to cut costs. Labourers are provided unhealthy working conditions leading to health hazards. Many large companies have also been accused of employing child labour in their factories in underdeveloped countries. 

(iii) Growing disparity among the rich and the poor: 86% of the world’s resources are said to be consumed by the richest 20% of the world population. This means that the poorer 80% population only gets to consume 14% of the world’s resources. This is a direct result of globalization according to some activists who believe that globalization only serves the rich whereas the poor have to face its disadvantages. 

(iv) Rapid spread of deadly diseases: Deadly diseases such as AIDS or other communicable diseases can spread at very fast pace via travelers or due to other means as a direct consequence of globalization. (Any three from Each)

Various levels of commercial centres had functioned in medieval Kerala which can be classified into regional or local trade and markets, long distance overland trade and long distance overseas trade. Proliferation of agriculture necessitated the exchange of products in the market places. This led to the production of several non-agrarian products to be exchanged in the market with the agricultural products. Exchanges might have developed between the various ‘‘tinais’’ very much earlier before the establishment of the kingdom of the Perumals of Mahodayapuram in the 9th century A.D. 

During the medieval period, many markets and centers of trade developed and they give us vestiges of “inter tinai’‘ exchange. During the early centuries of the Christian Era, there were brisk trade contacts between the Roman world and south India. We have ample archaeological, epigraphic and literary evidences to believe this. Hoards of Roman aurei and pottery were discovered from various parts of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, which point to the vigorous Indo- Roman trade in the early centuries of the Christian Era. 

Kokasandesam (14th century AD) tells us about the making of balks in paddy field during rainy reason and ploughing and gliding the fields for sowing seeds. Unnichirutevicaritham (14th century AD) describes the punchanilam of Valluvanadu. The same describes the cultivation of pepper vines sugarcane, coconut and arecanut trees, places with mango trees, jack trees, beautiful paddy fields etc.

Occupational groups of medieval Kerala: 

By the end of the 19th century, a number of plantations, which was completely a new venture, was started in Malabar. For this, planters obtained large areas for long term. This provided employment to many, and in return, wages in cash. The receipt of cash, the realization of importance of cash, thoroughly affected the thinking of the people. The colonial notion of economy started percolating to all levels. Malabar also began to produce for the world market. Plantations and cultivation of cash crops expanded. Colonial ideas and perceptions brought forth conspicuous changes. The complete shattering of caste–wise occupation was the result of new trends of industry, commerce and plantations. A group of ryots was becoming the rightful owners of landed property by purchase. A gradual process was bringing forth at least a few Nairs to the position of landlords. By 19th century, this small section who paid rent to the Janmi and at the same time received rent from cultivators emerged as a socio-economic force since they extracted a higher rent from the actual cultivators than what they paid to Janmi.

Choose the items related to Column A from Column B.

Correct answer is (iii) Pazhassi Raja

i) Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam 

ii) Pandit K.P. Karuppan 

iii) Thiruvithamcore Muslim Mahajana Sabha 

iv) Nair Service Society

The uncontrolled intervention of the British in the internal affairs of Travancore and Kochi made the Dewan of Travancore Veluthampi and of Kochi Paliyath Achan the enemies of the British.

Correct answer is (ii) 1792 

The three ways in which political parties shape the public opinion:

(i) They raise and highlight issues.

(ii) Parties have lakhs of members and activists spread all over the country. Many of the pressure groups are the extensions of political parties among different sections of the society.

(iii) Parties sometimes also launch movements for the resolution of problems faced by people.

iii. The Dutch defeated the Portuguese.

i. Marthandavarma defeated the Dutch in the battle of Colachel.

ii. The British defeated the French in Carnatic Wars.

Bi - party system is a party system where two major political parties dominate the government. One of the two parties typically holds a majority in the legislature and is usually referred to as the majority or governing party while the other is the minority or opposition party.

Merits:

 Government becomes more stable: The Government is more stable in a bi-party system, because the party which has a majority in the legislature forms the Government and the other party acts as opposition. Coalition Governments are not formed in a bi-party system. If the ruling party loses the majority in the legislature, the Cabinet tenders its resignation. In such an eventuality, the opposition party forms the Government. It becomes the ruling party and the party which was hitherto for the ruling party, becomes the opposition party.

Demerits:

 Dictatorship of the Cabinet: In a bi-party system the dictatorship of the cabinet is established as in the case in England, because it has the majority support in the Parliament. In such a situation, the ruling party does not care much for the opposition.

Correct answer is (iii) Vaikunda Swamikal

Correct answer is (i) E.M.S.Namboodiripad 

It is said that democracy is a rule of majority, but not always this happens it seems to happen but it doe not happens just like it appears. Here we know that majority of people are poor, but actually the democracy is not in hands of the poor people, one of the major reason is brainwash to the poor and illiterate people, who fall in clutches of the clever leaders and ultimately end up with little good results.

Modern industries were started in Travancore and Kochi. 

                                ↓

Technical and economic helps needed for the industries were given by the British.

                                ↓

Setting up of Pallivasal power Project speeded up the growth of modern industries.

                                ↓

Industries joint venture were initiated by the rich Banks were started for raising capital.

Correct answer is (ii) Sree Narayana Guru 

Sahastra Seema Bal

Nivarthana Prakshobham (Agitation) was an agitation launched by the Christian, Muslim and Ezhava communities in 1932 in Travancore, seek¬ing reservation in the legislature and government jobs in proportion to their population. 

Its leaders were N.V.Joseph, P.K.Kunju and C.Kesavan

In Kochi, a popular movement began as an agitation against the decision of Dewan Shanmugam Shetty to give the distribution of electricity in Thrissur to a private company. This movement was known as electricity agitation.

Correct answer is (i) Vaikom Satyagraha