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• The Major Rock Edicts of Indian Emperor Ashoka refer to 14 separate major Edicts of Ashoka which are significantly detailed and represent some of the earliest dated rock inscriptions of any Indian monarch.For a full English translation of the Edicts.
• Rock Edict I : Prohibits animal slaughter. Bans festive gatherings and killings of animals. Only two peacocks and one deer were killed in Asoka’s kitchen. He wished to discontinue this practice of killing two peacocks and one deer as well.

• Consult Supreme Court: If the president considers a question of law or a matter of public importance has arisen, he can also ask for the advisory opinion of the supreme court per Article 143.
• Article 123 Promulgation of Ordinances : When either of the two Houses of the Parliament of India is not in session, and if the government feels the need for an immediate procedure, the president can promulgate ordinances which have the same force and effect as an act passed by parliament under its legislative powers. These are in the nature of interim or temporary legislation and their continuance is subject to parliamentary approval. Ordinances remain valid for no more than six weeks from the date the parliament is convened unless approved by it earlier.

The criteria to be adopted while taking up digging of wells under MGNREGA are: 

a. Bore wells and tube wells are not considered as a permissible activity.

b. Digging of private wells it not allowed in semi-critical or critical or over-exploited regions as per the assessment of central Government of Water Board's (CGWB) latest assesment. 

c. Only group wells are permitted in CGWB declared semi-critical or crital areas. 

d. Formal agreement on stamp paper for sharing water between a group of farmers and group well beneficiaries would be required . The agreement needs to be verified by the GP concerned. 

e. An individual farmer can be a member in a single group (not in many). 

f. A group well should be registered as group irrigation well in revenue records. 

g. Individual wells are permitted in CGWB declared safe zones subject to the relevant spacing between two such wells. Diameter should be within 8 m (hard areas) and 6 m (soft and alluvial areas).

MGNREGA is demand driven wage employment programme and resource transfer from Centre to States is based on the demand for employment in each State. MGNREGA is bottom-up, peoplecentred, demand-driven, self-selecting and rights-based programme. It provides a legal guarantee for wage employment by providing allowances and compensation both in cases of failure to provide work on demand and delays in payment of wages for work undertaken. Plans and decisions regarding the nature and choice of works to be undertaken, the order in which each worksite selection etc., are all to be made in open assemblies of the Gram Sabha (GS) and ratified by the GP. Social audit is a new feature, which creates accountability of performance, especially towards immediate stakeholders. Thus MGNREGA also marks a break from the relief programmes of the past towards an integrated natural resource management and livelihoods generation perspective.

If the Central Government is satisfied that it is necessary or expedient to do so, it may, by notification, amend Schedule I or Schedule II and thereupon Schedule I or Schedule II, as the case may be, shall be deemed to have been amended (Section 29, of the Act).

The model project should contain the following:

i. The unit cost of the work.

ii. The labour component. 

iii. The material component.

iv. Skilled and semi-skilled component. 

v. The transparency and accountability mechanisms. 

vi. The expected final outcome (asset that will be created). 

vii. The benefit to the livelihood base of the rural poor. 

viii. Any other benefit likely to accrue.

Yes, the Central Government may delegate powers (excluding the power to make rules) to State Governments or subordinate officer by a notification and State Governments can delegate the powers to subordinates (Section 26).

i. Works which are non-tangible, not measurable, non-quantifible repetitive such as, removing grass, pebbles, agricultural operations, shall not be taken up. 

ii. Works like boulder pebble or shrub removal silt application and similar activities are not as a stand-alone activities. However, these can be a part of tasks in projects for converting uncultivable/barren/fallow lands into cultivable lands through one time land development activities. 

iii. Agriculture inputs and agriculture operations are not allowed. Removal of weeds and watering may be considered only for forestry plantation and horticulture limited for a duration of 2-3 years. This shold also be a part of the consolidated project to be assisted under MGNREGA. 

iv. Expenditure incurred to finance non-permissible activities will be recovered from the person responsible for such expenses. 

v. Execution of pilot activity under MGNREGA is discouraged. However, pilots using MGNREGA funds, involving only a few Panchayats could be taken up only upon approval of the Ministry. 

vi. MGNREGS funds cannot be used for land acquisition. 

vii. Specified criteria to be followed while executing dug wells under MGNREGA.

The disabled or differently-abled persons defined under the Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act, 1995 (1 of 1996) as persons with disabilities, the severity of which is 40 per cent and above would be considered as special category of vulnerable persons for the purposes of MGNREGA. The disabled persons as defined in the National Trust for Welfare of Persons with Autism Cerebral Palsy, Mental Retardation and Multiple Disabilities Act, 1999 (44 of 1999) are also to be considered as disabled for the purpose of inclusion in MGNREGA.

The State Government shall be responsible for identifying various processes to be completed between the time muster is closed and wage payment if made and notifying the (a) process (b) functionary/agency responsible for completing the process and the (c) period for completing the process. These details are to be uploaded in NREGASoft so that the IT system automatically calculates the liability of each functionary/agency in case of a delayed payment. 

It shall be the duty of such designated DPC or PO to (a) identify step-wise processes and subprocesses leading to determination and payment of wages (b) fix activity-wise maximum time limits and (c) allocate responsibilities to the functionary/agency in the discharge of their specific function as identified/fixed under the system.

The proposal for introducing new category of work should contain the following:

a. Justification for the work. 

b. Areas where the work will be undertaken. 

c. Number of wage seekers to be employed (employment potential). 

d. Nature of durable asset to be created. 

e. Expectations from the work to strengthen the livelihood base of the rural poor. 

f. Other benefits that may accrue such as continued employment opportunities, strengthening of the local economy and improving the quality of lives of people.

Exclusive senior citizen groups may be formed and special works which require lesser physical effort identified and allotted to these groups.

The cost of material component of projects including the wages of the skilled and semi-skilled workers taken up under scheme shall not exceed 40 per cent. 60:40 ratio for wage and material cost should be maintained at GP level for works executed by GP and for works executed by agencies other than GP, it should be maintained at block/intermediate panchayat level.

The specific interventions are: 

- At least one work which is suitable for Particularly Vulnerable Groups especially the aged and the disabled shall be kept open at all times to provide work as per demand 

- Special drive through existing and exclusively identified resource persons to identify the vulnerable groups 

- State Government should designate one officer as Coordinator (Vulnerable Groups) to exclusively look after the needs and requirements of these groups

- Dissemination of information among Vulnerable Groups 

- Specific works identified for these groups 

- Provision within the MIS for tracking their coverage 

- If the job seeker is a single woman or disabled person or aged person or released bonded labour or belonging to Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group, they must be given a special job card of a distinct colour which will ensure them a special protection in providing work, work evaluation and worksite facilitates, as the case may be.

two applications of JavaScript are : 

1. Create Pages Dynamically: based on the user’s choice, JavaScript can generate pages that are customized by the user. 

2. Interact with the user: JavaScript can do some processing of forms and can validate user input when the user submits the form.

The two types of insurance provided under social security exclusively for MGNREGS workers are: (i) Janashree Bima Yojana (JBY) and (ii) Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY). 

i) JBY provides life coverage and disability benefits to rural people. 

ii) RSBY has been extended to all Mahatma Gandhi NREGA workers/ beneficiaries who have worked for more than 15 days in the preceding financial year.

State Government. The strategy has to be different for different special categories. Volunteers may be identified and engaged for handholding support. These volunteers could also handhold the vulnerable persons during the initial period to remove problems.

Widowed, deserted and destitute women are highly vulnerable and require special attention. GP should initiate special measures to ensure 100 days employment for them. Special works which require less physical effort and are close to their house should be identified and implemented for them. If the job seeker is a single woman or disabled or aged person or released bonded labour or belonging to Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group, she must be given a special job card of a distinct colour which will ensure them a special protection in providing work, work evaluation and worksite facilitates.

The special category of workers are from: 

i) Persons with disabilities 

ii) Primitive Tribal Groups 

iii) Nomadic Tribal Groups 

iv) De-notified Tribes 

v) Women in special circumstances 

vi) Senior citizens above 65 years of age 

vii) HIV positive persons 

viii) Internally displaced persons 

ix) Rehabilitated bonded labour

there are two kind of comments in JavaScript: 

Single line and Multi line comments. 

1. single line comment begins with two forward slashes // this is a single line comment 

2. Multiline comments begin with /* and ends with */ 

e.g., /* this is a multiline comment and may continue across multiple lines */ comments are ignored by the interpreter and are not executed.

a) Contiguous: To select a contiguous area of color strokes. 

b) Interactive refinement: To handle settings for the brush.

c) Smoothing : To control the smoothness of selection.

Correct answer is Crop tool.

Green is not a primary colour.  

Interior decoration is an expression of ability.

An economy is called Green economy when it is based on the principles of sustainable development.

A. Content that is keyword smart

Online owners depend on a website writer for issues Content that is keyword smart.

Website security issues include unauthorized access to the several aspects of one's Website. Security measures should include all aspects of the system such as the network, operating level, database, and Web server. Regular monitoring and security testing by a company should help to avoid intrusion into one's system.

Types of networks: 

The networks are classified into the following based upon the amount of geographical area that covers. 

1. Personal Area Network(PAN): 

It is used to connect devices situated in a small radius by using guided media or unguided media

2. Local Area Network (LAN): 

This is used to connect computers in a single room, rooms within a building or buildings of one location by using twisted pair wire or coaxial cable. Here the computers can share Hardware and software. Data transfer rate is high and error rate is less, 

eg:

The computers connected in a school lab.

3. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): 

A Metropolitan Area Network is a network spread over a city. For example a Cable TV network. MAN have lesser speed than LAN and the error rate is less. Here optical fiber cable is used.

4. Wide Area Network (WAN): This is used to connect computers over a large geographical area. It is a network of networks. Here the computers are connected using telephone lines or Micro Wave station or Satellites.

4. Wide Area Network (WAN): 

This is used to connect computers over a large geographical area. It is a network of networks. Here the computers are connected using telephone lines or Micro Wave station or Satellites.

Internet is an example for this. LAN and MAN are owned by a single organization but WAN is owned by multiple organization. The error rate in data transmission is high. In short

The networks are classified into the following. 

1. Local Area Network (LAN): 

This is used to connect computers in a single room, rooms within a building or buildings of one location by using twisted pair wire or coaxial cable. Here the computers can share Hardware and software. Data transfer rate is high and error rate is less, 

eg: The computers connected in a school lab.

2. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): 

A Metropolitan Area Network is a network spread over a city. For example a Cable TV network. MAN have lesser speed than LAN and the error rate is less. Here optical fiber cable is used.

3. Wide Area Network (WAN): 

This is used to connect computers over a large geographical area. It is a network of networks. Here the computers are connected using telephone lines or Micro Wave station or Satellites. Internet is an example for this. LAN and MAN are owned by a single organisation but WAN is owned by multiple organisation. The error rate in data transmission is high

The advantages of Networks are given below: 

1. Resource sharing: 

All the computers in a network can share software (programs, data) and hardware (printer, scanner, CD drive etc.). 

2. Reliability: 

If one computer fails, the other computer can perform the work without any delay. This is very important for banking air traffic control and other application.

3. Price Vs Performance: 

A main frame computer can be 10 times faster than a PC but it costs thousand times a PC. Therefore instead of a main frame 10 personal computers are used with less cost and same performance.

4. Communication Medium: 

It is a powerful communication medium. We can exchange information between computers in a network. 

5. Scalable: 

This means, System performance can be increased by adding computers to a network.

Two or more computers connected through a communication media that allows exchange of information between computers is called a Computer Network. 

eg: LAN, MAN, WAN

microwave station, satellites, etc.

(c) Multiprocessing

An operating system that allows several processors to perform computation as the same time is call Multiprocessing.

(c) A system designed to prevent unauthorized access

A system designed to prevent unauthorized access is a Firewall in Computer Network.

Correct option- (A) Create a node when free space pool is empty.

Network Interface Card (NIC)

The LAN is defined as a computer network covering a small physical area like a home, office, or small group of buildings such as a school or an airport.

Correct option- (B) binary search 

The built-in functions associated with GROUP functions in SQL are

1. COUNT function- returns the count of records that satisfies the condition for each group of records.
Example:
SELECT department, COUNT(*)FROM employees WHERE salary > 25000 GROUP BY department;

2. MAX function- returns the maximum values from the column for each group of records.
Example:
SELECT department, MAX(salary) FROM employees GROUP BY department;

3. MIN function – returns the lowest values from the column for each group of records.
Example:

SELECT department, MIN(salary)FROM employees GROUP BY department;

4. AVG function – returns the average values from the column for each group of records.
Example:
SELECT AVG(cost) FROM products WHERE category = ‘Clothing’;

5. SUM function- returns the total values from the column for each group of records.
Example:
SELECT department, SUM(sales)FROM order_details GROUP BY department;

The way in which data is transmitted from one place to another is called data transmission mode. It does indicates the direction of flow of information.

The expansion of IPR is Intellectual Property Rights

Allocation of memory at the time of execution (run time) is known as dynamic memory allocation.

(b) link layer

This layer is a host to Internet layer and is responsible for adding the header containing the sender and receiver physical address to the packets link layer.

(b) Mesh

All nodes are connected with every other node in this network topology is Mesh.

The member function can be defined inside the class definition and outside the class definition.

Satellite link

Node or Work station or Client or Terminal