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Bus topology

They are, peer to peer or client-server. 

1. Peer to peer: 

In this configuration all the computers have equal priority. That means each computer can function as both a workstation and a server. There is no dedicated server. 

2. Client-Server: 

In this configuration a computer is powerful which acts as a dedicated server and all others are clients (work stations). Server is the master and others are slaves.

Star is that topology.

Yes, there are different types of servers, dedicated and non dedicated servers. 

1. Dedicated Server:

In large networks, a computer is reserved only for doing server function like sharing software and hardware resources and it is unavailable for running user applications and therefore increases system cost. eg: File server, Printer server etc.

2. Non dedicated Server: 

In smaller networks, a computer is doing the function of a server as well as it also act as a workstation.

Mesh topology

Mesh topology

A Hub is a device that receives data from a PC and transmit it to all other PC’s on the network. If two or more PC’s transmit data at the same time, there is a chance for collision.

Hub is a cheap device and data transfer through a Hub is slow. A switch is also a device and it transmits data to the right recipient. Therefore collision rate is low. A switch is faster but it is expensive.

A gate is an electronic circuit that operates on one or more signals and always produces an output signal.

Copying the signals from the earth to satellite is called Uplink.

Correct option- (D) O (n lg n) 

Explanation:-

n!=n(n-1)(n-2)-----3X2X1

≥(n/2)^n/2

log n!≥ n/2logn/2

≥ n/2(logn-log2)

≥ n/2 (log n-1)

≤ n log n

= O(n log n)

Downlink, Mesh topology

SQL ORDER BY - clause is used in a SELECT statement to sort results either in ascending or descending order.

The syntax for using SQL ORDER BY clause to sort data is:
> SELECT column-list FROM table_name ORDER BY column1, column2,.. column [DESC]];
For Example: If you want to sort the employee table by salary of the employee, the SQL query would be.
> SELECT name, salary FROM employee ORDER BY salary;
By default, the. ORDER BY Clause sorts data in ascending order. If data to be sorted in descending order, the command would be as given- below
> SELECT name, salary FROM employee ORDER BY name, salary DESC;
SQL GROUP BY Clause -
The SQL GROUP BY Clause is used with the group functions to retrieve data grouped according to one or more columns.
The basic syntax of GROUP BY clause is given below. The GROUP BY clause must follow the conditions in the WHERE clause and must precede the ORDER BY clause if one is used.
> SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_name WHERE [ conditions ]
GROUP BY column1, column2
ORDER BY column1, column2
For Example: If you want to know the total amount of salary spent on each department, the query would be:
> SELECT dept, SUM (salary) FROM employee GROUP BY dept;
The group by clause should contain all the columns in the select list expect those used along with the group functions.
> SELECT location, dept, SUM (salary) FROM employee GROUP BY location, dept;

The northbridge is an integrated circuit (1C ) is responsible for communication between the CPU interface, AGP, and the RAM memory.

The different measures for preventing virus are:

1. Always use licensed software.

2. Password protect your PC to prevent unattended modification.

3. Install quality antivirus:
The users should install professional, business-grade antivirus software on their PCs. Pro-grade antivirus programs update more frequently throughout the, protect against a wider range of threats (such as rootkits), and enable additional protective features (such as custom scans).

4. Install real-time anti-spyware protection. Use of professional (or fully paid and licensed) anti-spyware programs are required to prevent infections and fully remove those infections already present.

5. Disable autorun:
Many viruses work by attaching themselves to a drive and automatically installing themselves. As a result, connecting any network drives, external hard disks, or even thumb drives to a system can result in the automatic propagation of such threats. The users can disable the Windows autorun feature to avoid.

6. Don’t click on email links or attachments:
Users should never click on email attachments without at. least first scanning them for viruses using a business-class anti-malware application. As for clicking on links, users should access Web sites by opening a browser and manually navigating to the sites.

1. Modem: 

A Modem is a two in one device. That is it performs two functions. It is used to convert Digital signals to Analog, the process is Modulation (DAM) and the reverse process is converting Analog to Digital known as Demodulation (ADD).

2. Multiplexer(Many to One): 

A multiplexer is a device that combines the inputs from different sources and produces one output. A demultiplexer does the reverse process. 

3. Bridge:

It is a device used to link two same type of networks. 

4. Router: 

It is a device used to link two networks with different protocols. 

5. Gateway: 

It is a device used to link two networks of different types. It can convert a message from one code to another.

Twisted pair cables or coaxial cables.

Data Defintion Language commands create database objects such as tables, views, etc., The various Data definition language commands are Create Table, Alter Table, Create View, Drop Table, etc.,

1. Select Command:
It is used to view tuple/records from the tables. It is a read only command.

Usage:
> select columns from table_name where condition;

For example:
> select * from tablename;
> select columnname1, columnname2,…. From tablename;
> select * from tablename where columnname = value

2. UPDATE command:

The update command is used to change row values from a table. The SET key word takes the column in which values needs to be changed or updated.
Syntax:
update tablename set columnname = value where condition;
Example:
> update marks set total = marks 1 + marks 2 + marks 3 where class =”IIPUC”;

1. Install quality antivirus:
The users should install professional, business-grade antivirus software on their PCs. Pro-grade antivirus programs update more frequently throughout the, protect against a wider range of threats (such as rootkits), and enable additional protective features (such as custom scans).

2. Install real-time anti-spyware protection:
Use of professional (or fully paid and licensed) anti-spyware programs are required to prevent infections and fully remove those infections already present.

3. Keep anti-malware applications current:
Antivirus and anti-spyware programs require regular signature and database updates. Without these critical updates, anti-malware programs are unable to protect PCs from the latest threats. Computer users must keep their antivirus and anti-spyware applications up to date.

4. Perform daily scans:
Enabling complete, daily scans of a system’s on hard drive gives protection. These daily scans can be invaluable in detecting, isolating, and removing infections that initially escape security software’s attention.

5. Disable autorun:
Many viruses work by attaching themselves to a drive and automatically installing themselves. As a result, connecting any network drives, external hard disks, or even thumb drives to a system can result in the automatic propagation of such threats. The users can disable the Windows autorun feature to avoid.

6. Don’t click on email links or attachments:
Users should never click on email attachments without at least first scanning them for viruses using a business-class anti-malware application. As for clicking on links, users should access Web sites by opening a browser and manually navigating to the sites.

7. Use a hardware-based firewall:
The software-based firewall included with Windows isn’t sufficient to protect systems. For this reason, all PCs connected to the Internet should be secured behind a capable hardware-based firewall.

Correct answer is (b) Application software

Fiber To The Home

(d) Microwave is used for connectivity

Wi Fi(Wireless Fidelity) uses radio waves to transmit information across a network in a range 2.4 GHz to 5 GHz in short distance. Nowadays this technology is used to access internet in Laptops, Desktops, Tablets, Mobile phones etc. But Wi MAX(Wireless Microwave Access) uses microwaves to transmit information across a network in a range 2 GHz to 11 GHz over very long distance.

(C) Limited Liability

An IP address consists  32 bits long.

Wi-Fi means Wireless Fidelity. It is a wireless technology. Some organisation offers Wi-Fi facility. Here we can connect internet wirelessly over short distance, using Wi-Fi enabled devices.

(a) QR code – (iii) – 3 

(b) USB flash drives – (i) – 4 

(c) Bridge – (V) – 1 

(d) FTTH – (ii) – 6

(D) Partnership Firm 

A mobile computer is lightweight and portable.

A mobile computer has a built-in keyboard and display/desktop has external keyboard and display.

In a mobile computer, the motherboard and HDD/SSD resides underneath the keyboard/desktop has a system unit where motherboard and HDD/SSD resides or with all-in-one resides behind the display.

SSD is smaller and lighter which contributes to mobility and weight of laptop, and uses less electricity.

Wi-Fi mouse receives power from batteries which require replacement.

Wi-Fi mouse requires receiver (dongle) which, when damaged or lost renders the mouse unusable.

(C) Cash or Bank Account

(A) Increase in Creditors

a. Monitor (1) VGA, or HDMI, DVI, DisplayPort, USB-C, Thunderbolt

b. Printer (1) USB.

Special features of accounts from incomplete records are: 

1. Both the aspect of each and every transactions are not recorded. 

2. Under this system all kinds of accounts are maintained. 

3. It is simple and easy method of book keeping. 

4. It is less costly.

5. It is not very supportive to find out exact profit of the business concern. 

6. Not possible to find out correct profit or loss of a concern.

Microwave signals can travel only in straight line. It cannot bend when the obstacles in between. Therefore it uses tall towers instead of short one. The dish like antenna mounted on the top of the tower. Hence the two antennas must be in a straight line, able to look at each other without any obstacle in between.

Document is a Bill of Exchange. 

Features: 

1. It contains an order to pay money. 

2. The order shortly be unconditional 

3. The drawer must sign the bill 

4. The drawee must be a certain person. 

5. The order must be for the payment of money only. 

6. It should be properly stamped.

Radio Ads have the following main advantages: 

They deliver the messages immediately and with very high frequency even within a single day. It has a captive audience and the one that will share information locally with each other. It also has a low cost of production. Can reach traveling audience too due to transistors, car radios and mobile phones. Radio is one of the media which covers huge population. Radio channels varies from region to region, hence you can listen radio in your regional language. Like other entertainment media. Radio is also favourite of large number of population. Important information or news can be easily spread on radio. For local market radio is one of the powerful medium of communication.

B) Indirect channel

You are a manufacturer of a shampoo, but your organization is not financially sound. In this situation Indirect channel of Distribution is suitable for you.

B) Non-Verbal

Aura or vibe signals are used to communicate. Non-Verbal type of communication through Aura signal.

C) Inverse

Inverse are the price and quantity demanded of a product related to each other.

The correct option is: (d) 185

In ΔABC, AB = AC and <BAC = 50° then the value of < ABC will be  65° 

The value of sin 59°/cos 31° will be  1 

infinite no of triangles

The ordinate of any point situated upon x-axis is 0.

The value of cosec² θ – 1 is cot² θ.

The number of edges in a cuboid is 12.

Given a = 7, a₁₃ = 35

We find to find d

We know that

a_n = a + (n - 1)d

Putting a = 7, n = 13 and a_n = 35

35 = 7 + (13 - 1) x d

35 = 7 + 12d

35 - 7 = 12d

28 = 12 d

\(\frac{28}{12}=d\)

\(\frac73=d\)

d =  \(\frac73\) 

Now we need to find S₁₃

We can use formula

S_n = \(\frac n2(a+l)\)

Putting n = 13, a = 7, a₁₃ = 35

 = \(\frac{13}2\)(7 + 35)

 = \(\frac{13}2\) x 42

 = 13 x 21

 = 273

(1) Go for a daily walk for 30 minutes. 

(2) Taking low salt food.