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Correct answer is Hitopadesha

• Great Bombay Textile strike.
• Calcutta Jute Mill strike. 

• Prolonged working hours.
• Meagre wages.
• Unhealthy accommodation. 

Farmers were the immediate victims of the British rule. It was the land revenue system implemented by the British that destroyed the backbone of the farmers. The aim of the British tax policy was to maximize the income.

Different types of land revenue systems were introduced in various regions under the British rule. When the farmers were unable to pay the high tax in cash before the deadline, they had to take loan from moneylenders at a high rate of interest. The loans were obtained by mortgaging agricultural lands. The agricultural land of the farmers, who could not pay back the loan and interest, was seized by moneylenders.

Weavers gave up their work massively due to the exploitation and torture of the British officials. They forced the weavers to work at meagre wages and to exchange the products to them at cheaper rate. The decline of village industries like pottery, tanning and carpentry led to famine and death due to starvation.

• Plantation industry
• Textile industry 
• Jute industry 
• Steel industry

Kalhana's Rajatarangini is a work on the history of Kashmir.

(a) Pallavas

Sakala was the original name of Euthydemia.

Nyaya Panchayat

Correct Answer is Bijapur

The last great ruling dynasty of Magadha was Gupta.

(a) Menander

The Forest laws implemented by the British made their life miserable. The British imposed restriction on tribals to collect forest products and enter into the protected forest. Imposed high taxes on forest products collected by the tribals.

The coins of Guptas of the reveal their love for music.

118 Rani Bazar
Sikar
21 October 2020
The Headmaster
Govt. Sr. Sec. School
Sikar

Sub: Lack of proper library facilities.

Sir,

Most respectfully I beg to say that we are not getting proper library facilities in the school. The librarian does not come in time. His behaviour with the students is also not proper. The books in the library are old and not of much use. The book issue system is also not proper. You are requested to instruct the librarian to improve the library facilities. Some new and useful books may also please be added to the catalogue of library books.

Thanking you

Yours obediently

Ram Narayan Sinha

Monitor

Class XI

115 Rani Bazar
Bikaner
10 August 2020
The Principal
Govt. Senior Secondary School
Bikaner

Sub: For remitting the fine.

Sir,

Most respectfully I beg to state that I have been fined Rs. 25/- for not attending the school in school uniform. I am a poor boy. I have only one set of uniform. That day, I washed the uniform. So I could not come in uniform.
Kindly remit the fine of Rs. 25/- imposed on me on that account.

Thanking you

Yours obediently

Mukesh

Class-XI D

GOVT SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, JUNAGARH

NOTICE

November 3, 20–

Children’s Day

All the students are informed that we are going to celebrate Children’s Day (Bal Diwas) on 14th November 20– on our school campus. There will be a Children’s Fair. The students who want to install their shops may give their names and types of the shop to the undersigned by November 10, 20–.
Arvind
Secretary
Students Union

25 Bharati Colony
Jaipur
11 February 2020
The Principal
Subodh Senior Sec. School
Jaipur

Sub: Application for the job of a Stenographer

Sir,

This is with reference to your advertisement in ‘The Times of India’ on 4 February, 2020 for the post of a Stenographer.

I am at present working with Surendra and Company in Dausa. My family is stationed at Jaipur. I find it rather difficult to go to Dausa daily and come back. My parents are old. They are sick and require constant care and attention. So I am looking up for a job in Jaipur.

I have one year’s experience. I assure you of my best services if I am given a chance. I am enclosing my Resume for your perusal.

Yours faithfully

Mahendra

Enc. : C.V.

Curriculum Vitae

Name: Mahendra Gupta

Address: 25 Bharati Colony, Jaipur

Date of Birth: December 15, 19

Educational Qualifications : B.A. (Rajasthan University), JAIPUR

Job Experience : Working for last one year with Surendra & Co., Dausa

Expected Salary : Rs. 8,000 P.M.

References: Mr. Nair Head Sales Division, Surendra & Co., Dausa

To check economic drain, the early national leaders pleaded with the people to boycott foreign goods and strengthen Indian industry by consuming Indian products. As a part of the agitation, foreign goods were collected and burnt publicly. The extensive use of indigenous products by discarding foreign items rejuvenated Indian industry.

As a result, a number of textile mills, soap factories, match box companies, national banks and insurance companies were established. It was during the Swadeshi movement that the Bengal chemical store in Bengal, The Tata steel plant in Maharashtra and the Swadeshi steam Navigation company in Tamil Nadu were established.

Import of British goods to India steadily went down during this period.Massive participation of women, laborers, and students were another remarkable feature of this movement. Washer men look a vow that they would not wash foreign clothes.

The priests swore that they would not perform rituals and prayer using foreign items. Women boycotted foreign bangles and utensils. Students quit schools to take part in the movement. Indian nationalism attained further strength from Swadeshi movement.

Answer :-

To reduce the drain of Indian wealth, the Bengali scholars advocated that the citizens should boycott foreign goods and use only Indian goods and services. We know that this was a mass movement because:

1. Foreign goods were collected and burnt publicly, and several such bonfires were reported in the city during those days.

2. The years after 1905 saw the rise and rejuvenation of Indian industries and home-made textiles, soaps, matchboxes and insurances entered the market again.

3. It also saw the rise of Indian banks and large industry like Tata Iron and Steel Plant and Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company, which were signs of a healthy economy.

4. Numbers also show that foreign imports went down drastically in this period.

5. Women, labourers and priests participated en-masse. Notably, washer men refused to wash foreign cloth and women threw away foreign bangles and goods.

The organised nature of Swadeshi movement and economic crippling of the British were significant forces in Indian nationalism that ultimately led to freedom from foreign rule.

158 Vaishali Nagar
Jaipur
8 March 2020
The Principal
Govt. Sr. Sec. School
Jaipur

Sub: To issue a railway concession certificate.

Sir,

Most respectfully I beg to say that I am a student of class XI of your school. My parents, live at Delhi. So, I shall go there during the summer vacation. Please issue me a railway-concession certificate from Jaipur to Delhi and back.

Thanking you

Yours obediently

Ravi

Class XI B

Delhi : Bahadur Shah Zafar and Bakht Khan. 

Jhansi : RaniLaxmiBai. 

Bihar : Kunwar Singh. 

Mathura : Devi Singh. 

Meerut : Kadam Singh. 

Faizabad : Muhammad Ullah. 

Kanpur : Nana sahib, Tantya Tope and  Azimullah Khan. 

Allahabad : Liaqat Ali.

31 November 2019 

Tumakuru 

Dear Prerana 

Hearty congratulations. Heard that you got the first place in mono-acting in the inter-school competition. Acting has always been your forte. Hope you will earn more and more accolades. We had a lovely children’s day celebration. Unlike the earlier celebrations, this time we went to children’s orphanages. We conducted games, organized competitions and distributed sweets. It was such an enriching experience with the small children around us. Their laughter still echoes in my ears. 

Next time when you come to Tumakuru, I will certainly take you to these orphanages. Do plan a trip. See you soon. 

Love 

Preethi

10th Standard, B Section

Government High School

Sagar

March 25, 2019

Dear Suresh, 

It is a long time since I have written to you. You are one of those who have given rise to the saying that a friend in need is a friend indeed. I’m a little confused about my future and I thought I would share my thoughts with you.

I know that the job opportunities for the present generation are many. But that has only added to the confusion. Gone are the days when people thought of only medical and engineering. Now corporates attract youngsters. They are financially very attractive too. For this, MBA would be the best option. But I do not want to get into some monotonous existence. My interest is in Human Rights and I feel this would give me satisfaction. The Loyola College in Bangalore is rated the best for studying human rights. With my academic performance thus far, I am confident I can get admission in the college. Could you give me your opinion? What have you thought about your future after S.S.L.C Do let me know.

Yours affectionately

Nithin 

To Suresh Angadi 

25, Devaraj Urs Road 

Mysore – 570 001

Nitasha

10th std A Section

Govt. High School

Sagar 

11 February 2019 

The Headmaster 

Govt. High School 

Sagar 

Respected sir,

Sub : Request for exemption from attending special classes.

With due respect I, Nitasha, a student of Class 10 A Section, wish to state that I will not be able to attend the special classes arranged by our Mathematics and Science teachers during this weekend as I have to write the Kannada Ratna exam being conducted by Kannada Sahitya Parishat. 

Therefore I request you to exempt me from attending the special classes. 

Yours faithfully, 

Nitasha

To 

The Headmaster, 

ABC High School, 

Patna

Sub. :- Application to grant permission to participate in the state level quiz programme. 

I am a student of class-X of your school. Last week I had participated in a Quiz Programme and I got first position. 

A state level quiz programme is going to be held at Delhi on 20th of January, 2018. Please grant me permission to participate in it and represent my school in this programme. I shall be obliged. 

Thanking you. 

Yours obediently 

Raman Sinha 

Class-X 

Boring Road 

PATNA 

16 December, 2018

Dear Rajiv,

The coming Sunday is of great significance to me and my family. It was the day when you saved me from being drowned ten years ago. My family remembered the incident last night. They decided to celebrate the day as a 'Lucky Day'. Since you are the centre of the show, I on behalf of my family, invite you to join us in the celebration. We shall have fun together. There is special programme for lunch and tea. We shall sing and dance in the memory of the old days. I will wait eagerly for your arrival. 

Your's best friend 

 Akash 

To 

The Headmaster 

ABC Senior Secondary School 

Patna 

Sub. :- Application to provide book from book bank. 

R/Sir,

I am student of class X of your school. My father is a poor farmer. He is unable to buy me text books. I have no other means to get the books for my studies. I have secured good marks in all the subjects in the previous examinations. 

I, therefore, request you to provide me all the subject text books from the Book Bank of the school. For this I shall ever remain grateful to you. 

Yours faithfully 

 Arjun Singh 

 Class-X

i) Kurichiya Revolt (1812) 

ii) First War of Indian Independence (1857) 

iii) Partition of Bengal (1905)

i) Kurichiya Revolt (1812) 

ii) Santhal Rebellion (1855-56)

iii) First War of Independence (1857) 

iv) Partition of Bengal (1905) 

v) Swadeshi Movement (1906)

A tribe inhabiting the valleys of Rajmahal Hills, stretching across Bengal, Jharkhand and Bihar.

During the British rule, the farmers were forced to cultivate crops according to market needs. Commercial crops were cultivated largely instead of food crops. This transformation is termed as commercialization of agriculture.

Unfair land revenue system of the British.

Bahadur Shah II

• Kol Rebellion 
• Pahariya Rebellion 
• Bhil Rebellion
• Munda Rebellion 
• Khasi Rebellion

• PahariyaRebellion. 
• Kol Rebellion. 
• Khasi Rebellion. 
• Munda Rebellion. 
• Bhil Rebellion. 

• Gathering forest produce 
• Cattle rearing 
• Shifting cultivation 
• Hunting

Farmers were one of the immediate victims of the British rule. It was the land revenue system implemented by the British that destroyed the backbone of the farmers.

The aim of their tax policy was to maximize the income. The land revenue system implemented in the various regions under the British rule was different. The Land Revenue systems introduced by the British were. Permanent land revenue settlement, Ryotwari system, Mahalwari system.

Permanent Land Settlement : 

The permanent settlement was introduced by lord Cornwallis, the governor general of British India. This system is also known as the zamindari system. In this system, the zamindars collected tax from farmers. They received 1/11^th of the total tax collected as commission.

Features of permanent land revenue settlement :

• In the permanent land revenue settlement the tax was collected by zamindars.
• Zamindar was the owner of the entire land where he had the jurisdiction to collect tax. While the zamindars became the owners of the land, the actual farmers became tenants. 
• Farmers were to pay up to 60% of the yield as tax.
• Tax was to be paid even at the time of poor yield.
• The tax was to be paid in cash strictly before the cutoff date.

Ryotwari System : 

In the ryotwari system introduced in South India the land revenue was collected directly from the farmers (Ryots). Though ownership of land was vested with farmers, excessive tax impoverished them. Furthermore, the tax rates were frequently increased.

Mahalwari System : 

The village headman was assigned the responsibility to collect tax. The tax rate was excessive in this system too. The entire village (Mahal) was considered as a single unit for tax collection.

        A                                      B 

Santhal rebellion           Rajmahal Hills 

Mappila rebellion            Malabar 

Kurichya rebellion          Wayanad

Drain Theory                Dadabhai Naoroji 

With the industrial revolution in the 18th century in England textile industry gathered much momentum and the demand for indigo further increased.Import of indigo from Britain nearly doubled by 1810 against 1780. It was necessary for the British industrialists to get indigo plantation spread to more regions in India.

They gave the farmers a good amount as advance for the cultivation of indigo.The farmers succumbed to the temptation of the British and widely planted indigo as they were in trouble with no other means to pay the heavy land tax.

Due to the interference of the British agents in the harvesting seasons, the farmers received only a lower price for indigo. Later when artificial colors were invented, the indigo became obsolete. This made the plight of the farmers more miserable.

The Indigo farmers Revolt : 

According to D. G. Tendulkar “not a chest of indigo reached England without being stained with human blood.” This quote reveals the sufferings of the indigo farmers. The indigo farmers resorted to revolt owing to the severe exploitation and endless miseries. In 1859 the farmers of Bengal organised themselves and declared that they were giving up indigo cultivation.

They attacked indigo factories with bows, arrows, swords and spears. Several women also participated in the revolt. The rioters excommunicated the British supporters and those who worked for the British. The Government appointed a commission to study the problem of the indigo farmers. The commission found that the indigo farming was uneconomic and proposed to stop it.

The stranglehold of revenue system heightened its grip on other articles of daily use besides taxes on land, salt, tobacco, etc. Houses, shops, cattle, ferry, fishing net, looms, toddy, arrack, knives, etc. were important among them. In effect, nothing was spared from the grip of the Government. About fifty more different faxes were imposed.

The British tried to collect huge amounts through petty taxes. Let us have a look at the sufferings of the people on account of them. Women who earned their livelihood by collecting firewood from the forests were not permitted to take home the same without paying the tax. Those who had to cross rivers had to pay a tax. Many who tried to swim across to evade tax were drowned in the river.

• Peasant Revolt,
• Tribal Revolt,
• Tribal Revolt. 

• The land revenue system introduced by the British in North West regions was known as Mahalwari System. 
• The village headmen was assigned the responsibility to collect tax. 
• The tax rate was excessive. 
• The entire village was considered as a single unit for tax collection.

• The statement is correct. 
• Railway helped the British to carry the imported fabrics from port towns to interior villages and the cotton collected from villages to the ports for exporting to Britain. Thus Indian weavers lost their business in village market.

• Unfair land revenue system.
• Exploitation of Land Lords.
• Eriction of Tenants. 

During the time of Marthanda Varma, state-owned * land (Pandaravaka) was leased out to Christian and Muslims on rent. Later, Ezhavas and other backward communities were also given land. The purpose of it all was to increase the revenue of the State treasury by expanding agriculture. Resources to maintain the British army and to pay tributes to the British had to be raised. This was the inspiration behind the proclamation. The rich agriculturists tried to graduate their possession right into right of ownership. Clamors were made to this end. Finally, the Government of Travancore conceded this right. Through the Pandarapattam proclamation, those who possessed state-owned land got rights of ownership and inheritance.

• The Company’s declaration that both the rulers and their subjects should be under their control.
• Increase in tax 
• Exploitation policy of the Company

Correct option: b) Mappila uprisings

The reasons of peasant revolts were the heavy tax imposed by them and the suppression in the British rule. Most of the peasant revolts were for the people.