This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 11301. |
Complete the following with connectors.1. After he seems quite intelligent _________ he often gets poor grades. (Nonetheless is used to connect two contrasting ideas.)2. This restaurant has some of the best chefs in the town. _________ their service is excellent.3. I’ve never been to Kerala ________ having friends and relatives there.4. Krishnan is a reckless driver _________ he hasn’t had any accidents.5. My sister works ten hours a day _________ she doesn’t earn much money.6. We went out __________ the cold weather.7. 1 tried to look happy _________ feeling ill8. There is no more food left. _________ there is plenty of snacks.9. Wash the potatoes first, _________ you can boil them.10. I need to work hard _________ I can pass the exam. |
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Answer» 1. nonetheless 2. Moreover 3. in spite of 4. even so 5. however 6. despite 7. ln spite of 8. Howeve 9. After wards 10. so that |
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| 11302. |
Choose the best connector.1. Something must be wrong; ______Anu would go to school. (so that, because of, otherwise)2. ______ he is very rich, he doesn’t help the poor. (Even if, Although, Therefore)3. ______ the weather was windy, we went for a walk. (Therefore, Otherwise, Even though)4. She is always helpful and friendly to mc, 1 like her very much. (therefore, whereas, even though)5. He must be very clever; ______ he wouldn’t have passed such a hard exam. (whereas, otherwise, unless)6. ______ I have a bike. I don’t often ride it. (Therefore, Although, Unless)7. I like horror films _______ my friend prefers comedies. (unless, whereas, therefore)8. ______ 1 learned so much, I didn’t manage to pass my exam. (Even though., So that, Because of)9. You’ll be sick _____ you stop eating so many sweets. (whereas, unless, otherwise)10. ______ we are at the bus station by seven o’clock, we will miss our bus. (Whereas, Unless, Therefore) |
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Answer» 1. otherwise 2. Although 3. Even though 4. therefore 5. otherwise 6. Although 7. he was 8. Een though 9. unless 10. Unless |
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| 11303. |
Madison doesn’t like work. He is ______. A) happy B) poor C) rich D) lazy |
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Answer» Correct option is D) lazy |
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| 11304. |
I opened the door and saw a DECEASED man. A) weak B) sick C) invisible D) new born E) old |
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Answer» Correct option is D) new born |
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| 11305. |
Each ______ of the family had to take it in turns to do the washingup. A) individual B) character C) member D) person |
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Answer» Correct option is C) member |
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| 11306. |
Tom is very LAZY. He doesn’t like to do anything. A) modest B) modern C) clever D) energetic E) nervous |
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Answer» Correct option is D) energetic |
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| 11307. |
Don’t ______ my speech when I am talking. A) cut B) interrupt C) divide D) separate |
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Answer» Correct option is B) interrupt |
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| 11308. |
A: What are you boiling that water for? B: ______ . A) To make tea B) For make tea C) Making tea D) Because of making tea |
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Answer» Correct option is A) To make tea |
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| 11309. |
Tom is an INDUSTRIOUS boy. A) hard working B) gracious C) graceful D) huge E) lazy |
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Answer» Correct option is A) hard working |
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| 11310. |
Answer the following questions according to the text.It is to be expected-that, by the year 2050, people’s eating habits will have changed beyond recognition. With a world-wide growth in population very many new mechanical and scientific methods will come into being, to step up food production. There may well be an end to food as we know it today. In fact, meals, as we know them, may become a thing of the past. Food constituents and vitamins may be taken in the form of capsules, tablets and pills. The thought of these highly artificial food constituents replacing present day foods may not be very relishing, but they may be the answer to food shortage and world famine. 1. It is suggested in the passage that, at a not too distant date, _____. A) the world will face severe famine. B) the rate of growth in the world population will have been slowed down. C) the world’s food production will decline tremendously despite the population growth. D) methods of advertising food products will change drastically. E) our traditional eating habits will have been completely replaced. 2. The author points out that artificial food _____. A) will unfortunately be deficient in vitamins. B) can be economically and easily produced. C) is not practical but it is delicious. D) may provide a solution to the problem of a world food shortage. E) will appeal greatly to the majority of people. 3. The main point emphasized in the passage is that _____. A) present-day eating habits must be preserved. B) in the twenty-first century the wide-spread use of artificial food will be inevitable. C) famine and food shortage in the world can only be overcome by reducing the population growth rate. D) artificial foods need not conflict with traditional eating habits. E) mechanical and scientific methods are indispensable for the production of vitamins. |
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Answer» 1 E) our traditional eating habits will have been completely replaced. 2 D) may provide a solution to the problem of a world food shortage. 3 B) in the twenty-first century the wide-spread use of artificial food will be inevitable |
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| 11311. |
The students _____ Don’t interrupt them. A) are seeming busy B) seem to be busy C) are seeming busily D) seem busily |
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Answer» Correct option is B) seem to be busy |
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| 11312. |
Answer the following questions according to the text.A new discovery of a dinosaur fossil in Antarctica has confirmed the idea that dinosaurs lived not only in the Northern Hemisphere but in the Southern Hemisphere as well. Up until this discovery, scientists had found dinosaur remains on every continent except Antarctica. This new discovery now confirms the idea that dinosaurs were distributed worldwide. If the dinosaur fossil is shown to be related to other dinosaurs of the same period in South America, it will also support the idea that South America and Antarctica were once linked together. 1. It is only recently that _____. A) important scientific studies about the Southern Hemisphere have been carried out. B) scientists have been seriously interested in fossils. C) a dinosaur fossil has been discovered in Antarctica. D) some new facts about the Northern Hemisphere have come to light. E) Antarctica has been discovered. 2. One can understand from the passage that _____. A) dinosaurs, at one time in the past, lived in both hemispheres. B) dinosaurs were in fact, more commonly found in the Southern Hemisphere. C) scientists had long since realized that dinosaurs had actually lived in Antarctica. D) the dinosaur fossil, discovered in Antarctica, was significantly different from those found in other continents. E) the discovery of the dinosaur fossil in Antarctica was actually of little importance to scientists. 3. It is hoped that the discovery of the dinosaur fossil in Antarctica _____. A) would contribute significantly to our knowledge of the Northern Hemisphere. B) will throw further light on the existence of dinosaurs in the past. C) would lead to further similar discoveries in the Southern Hemisphere. D) could answer the question whether South America and Antarctica were originally connected. E) will attract more scientists to this type of work |
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Answer» 1 C) a dinosaur fossil has been discovered in Antarctica 2 A) dinosaurs, at one time in the past, lived in both hemispheres 3 D) could answer the question whether South America and Antarctica were originally connected |
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| 11313. |
Never ______ a museum with as many paintings as this one. A) they had visited B) they have visited C) had they visited D) they must have visited |
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Answer» Correct option is C) had they visited |
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| 11314. |
Change into a simple sentence1. A person who is industrious is sure to succeed.2. NSS students have civic responsibilities. They must discharge them.3. Anu types quickly. Anu types correctly.4. Faraday was poor and ill. Yet he did scientific experiments with a passion.5. Sneha is very arrogant. She will not apologize. |
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Answer» 1. An industrious person is sure to succeed 2. NSS students having civic responsibilities must discharge them . 3. Besides typing quickly, Anu types correctly. 4. In spite of Faraday being poor and ill he did scientific experiments with a passion. 5. Sneha is too arrogant to apologize. |
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| 11315. |
Answer the following questions according to the text.There can be few more depressing stories in the entire history of man’s exploitation of nature than the wide-spread destruction of whales. Whales have not only suffered untold cruelty but now face total extermination. Already entire populations have been wiped out, and the only reason why no species has yet been finished off is due to the vastness and inaccessibility of the oceans. Hence, a few have always managed to escape, but how much longer can this go on? 1. The author points out that of all the animals in nature it is probably the whales that _____. A) have aroused most sympathy among ordinary people. B) have attracted the least scientific attention. C) alone can survive man’s hunting instincts. D) have suffered most from man’s cruelty. E) can finally avoid total extinction. 2. According to the passage, if whales have so far survived, it is because _____. A) they have taken refuge in the vast expanses of the oceans. B) they breed fast and are difficult to catch. C) modem man has recognized the need to preserve them. D) various measures have been taken to save them from total extermination. E) man has finally realized that nature must not be exploited. 3. In the passage the author expresses his doubts about whether _____. A) many species of whales ought to be preserved. B) the exploitation of nature can be justified. C) whales can actually survive in the future. D) man really is as cruel to whales as some people have claimed. E) there is any point in trying to preserve all species of animals. |
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Answer» 1 D) have suffered most from man’s cruelty 2 A) they have taken refuge in the vast expanses of the oceans. 3 C) whales can actually survive in the future |
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| 11316. |
Answer the following questions according to the text.Many people who have to start the day early find it difficult to wake up properly. For some of them the solutions is very straightforward: they drink two cups of coffee and the feelings of the fatigue disappear. This is the effect of caffeine; one of a family of stimulants found not only in coffee but also in such drinks as tea, cola and cocoa. Taken in reasonable amounts, the stimulating chemical may help some people to work more efficiently. However, excessive quantities can cause several irritating, unhealthy side effects. Studies show, in fact, that more than two cups of coffee a day can cause unpleasant symptoms such as nervousness, irritability, stomach pain and insomnia. 1. The passage suggests that it is inadvisable for one to _____. A) drink any tea, coffee or cocoa at all. B) drink more than two cups of coffee a day. C) start the day without a stimulant of some sort. D) use any other stimulant but caffeine. E) drink less than one cup of coffee. 2. Caffeine and other similar stimulants _____. A) can produce certain unpleasant side effects, if large doses are taken. B) are completely harmless. C) always have a negative effect upon people. D) actually never lead to improved work efficiency. E) are so useful for health. 3. The passage points out that many people begin the day with two cups of coffee _____. A) even when they don’t feel sleepy. B) because by doing so they soon feel wide awake. C) because there is less caffeine in coffee than in tea. D) if they know the day ahead is likely to be an irritating one. E) because alcohol is more harmful |
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Answer» 1 B) drink more than two cups of coffee a day 2 A) can produce certain unpleasant side effects, if large doses are taken. 3 B) because by doing so they soon feel wide awake. |
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| 11317. |
______ but he must also avoid any evidence of partiality. A) If you are a judge, you must be unbiased B) A judge must be unbiased. C) Not only must a judge be unbiased D) Not just be punctual |
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Answer» Correct option is C) Not only must a judge be unbiased |
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| 11318. |
Answer the following questions according to the text.Every summer many people, girls and women as well as boys and men, try to swim from England to France or from France to England. The distance at the nearest points is only about twenty miles, but because of the strong currents the distance that must be swum is usually twice as far. The first man to succeed in swimming across the Channel was Captain Webb, an Englishman. This was in August 1875. He landed in France 21 hours 45 minutes after entering the water at Dover. Since then there have been many successful swims and the time has been shortened. One French swimmer crossed in 11 hours and 5 minutes. 1. Swimming the Channel is not as easy as it might seem _____. A) as the distance between the two counties is far too much. B) and it always takes more or less 20 hours. C) and only two people have managed to do it so far. D) so few people even try to swim it. E) for there are very strong currents. 2. The first time anyone swam across the Channel _____. A) was in the last century. B) was when England and France organized a swimming competition. C) no one really believed him. D) he was helped by favorable currents. E) he reached Dover just before 10 in the evening. 3. The time Captain Webb needed to swim across the Channel _____. A) was unbelievably short. B) has since been nearly reduced to half C) still remains a record. D) was thought to be far too long. E) hasn’t been equaled by any French swimmer. |
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Answer» 1 E) for there are very strong currents. 2 A) was in the last century 3 B) has since been nearly reduced to half |
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| 11319. |
Answer the following questions according to the text.When Queen Victoria died in 1901, the world was entering a new and exciting period of change. For instance, in that year, for the first time, wireless signals had crossed the Atlantic and, in the following year, an airship flew from Europe to America. Already the motor car had come into use and was making life much easier. Telephones, also, were becoming fairly common. Politically and economically, people looked forward to a time of peace, wealth and progress. In fact, nothing seemed to stand in the way of such a future. 1. It is obvious from the passage that the twentieth century _____. A) opened with a decline in industrial and economic activity. B) inherited, from the previous century, very many serious social and political problems. C) began in a spirit of hope and confidence which was more or less world-wide. D) was ushered in by a wave of despair and discontent. E) introduced a period of economic and political unrest. 2. At the beginning of the twentieth century, people _____. A) were still not fully aware of the benefits of the telephone. B) believed that technological and economic progress could not be halted. C) preferred to make their long distance journeys by airship. D) were extremely upset by the death of Queen Victoria. E) felt ill at ease in the face of so much change. 3. From the passage one can conclude that at the turn of the new century _____. A) the drawbacks of industrialization became evident. B) it seemed that nothing more could be invented. C) progress and change were to be seen on every side. D) Technological progress was hampered by an economic crisis. E) The main emphasis was on improved communications. |
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Answer» 1 C) began in a spirit of hope and confidence which was more or less world-wide. 2 B) believed that technological and economic progress could not be halted 3 C) progress and change were to be seen on every side |
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| 11320. |
Answer the following questions according to the text.Like so many other materials in Japan, paper too has come in for many hundreds of years of artistic consideration. At one period of the country’s history, the paper on which a poem was written was as important as the, poem itself. A thousand years ago there were whole towns actively engaged in making paper. Such towns still exist, but there were also many farming villages which then, as they do today, made paper to earn extra income during the winter. At present, about half of Japan’s farmers must add to their incomes with winter jobs. Although a large amount of winter employment is provided by construction companies, some farmers continue to work at such cottage industries as paper-making. 1. It is obvious from the passage that the art of a paper-making in Japan _____. A) was such a trivial work. B) has disappeared owing to industrialization. C) was of no economic value at all in the past. D) was only practiced by the peasants in the country. E) has a long history. 2. The passage emphasizes that approximately fifty per cent of the farming population in Japan _____. A) is not satisfied with current farming policies. B) prefers town life to village life. C) engages in a secondary occupation in the winter. D) plans to give up farming and go into construction work. E) were poor people. 3. It is suggested that paper-making _____. A) encouraged the development of poetry in Japan. B) is still one of Japan’s cottage industries. C) has never been a significant commercial interest in Japan. D) has seldom been regarded as an art by the Japanese. E) and construction are the two major areas of employment in Japan. |
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Answer» 1 E) has a long history. 2 C) engages in a secondary occupation in the winter 3 B) is still one of Japan’s cottage industries. |
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| 11321. |
_____ was obvious when she was caught with the stolen diamonds. A) If she was involved in the robbery B) She was involved in the robbery C) Because she was involved in the robbery D) That she was involved in the robbery |
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Answer» Correct option is D) That she was involved in the robbery |
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| 11322. |
Answer the following questions according to the text.Never before in history have people been so aware of what is going on in the world. Television, newspapers and radio keep us continually informed and stimulate our interest. The sociologist’s interest in the world around him is intense, for society is his field of study. Indeed, he needs to know what is happening in society; he wants to know what makes the social world what it is, how it is organized, why it changes in the ways that it does. Such knowledge is valuable not only for those who make great decisions, but also for you, since this is the world in which you live and make your way. 1. The passage emphasizes that whatever goes on in the world today _____. A) is quickly forgotten by the majority. B) only concerns the sociologist. C) first makes the headlines in the press. D) is of great interest to everyone. E) can easily be ignored by people in power. 2. It is pointed out in the passage that, among other things, sociologists are very much interested in _____. A) our reaction to their studies. B) the effect of television on education. C) the reasons for social change. D) how people make a living in the world. E) environmental problems. 3. One may conclude from the passage that the studies made by sociologists _____. A) are extremely useful both to decision makers and to ordinary people. B) are of little general interest. C) receive a lot of attention from the media. D) are primarily intended for students of sociology. E) do not adequately reflect real conditions in the world. |
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Answer» 1 D) is of great interest to everyone. 2 C) the reasons for social change. 3 A) are extremely useful both to decision makers and to ordinary people |
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| 11323. |
Answer the following questions according to the text.The famous Tower of London was built as a fortress by William the Conqueror. Early in the Middle Ages the kings used it as a palace; later on it was turned into a prison, but only distinguished prisoners, including statesmen and princes, were held there. Today the Tower is a national museum, where, among other things, the jewelry of the English kings and queens is on display. 1. It is obvious from the passage that the functions of the Tower of London _____. A) were all established by William the Conqueror. B) have always been controlled by the kings. C) have varied greatly over the centuries. D) are all of a military nature. E) have not changed at all since the Middle Ages. 2. We learn from the passage that the Tower _____. A) was not originally intended to be a fortress. B) was never a prison for ordinary people. C) is still a unique example of medieval architecture. D) was never a residence of English kings. E) functions today only as a jewelers museum. 3. William the Conqueror’s original purpose in building the Tower of London _____. A) was one of defense B) was to exhibit his valuable jewellery. C) was strongly criticized later in the Middle Ages. D) remains unknown even now. E) is still being debated among historians. |
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Answer» 1 C) have varied greatly over the centuries 2 B) was never a prison for ordinary people. 3 A) was one of defense |
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| 11324. |
Answer the following questions according to the textIn an interview yesterday Mr. Wilson was questioned about the harmful effects of horror movies on teenagers. He argued that such effects were often exaggerated and claimed that other types of films were far more dangerous for young people. When asked to prove this, he pointed out that horror films were often set in unreal situations and were clearly not to be taken seriously. In contrast, he claimed that films showing violent crime were often set in everyday life, and were therefore more damaging. 1. In Mr. Wilson’s opinion, horror films _____. A) cost more than other kinds of films. B) are more popular among the elderly than among the young. C) should be banned altogether. D) are less damaging to young people that films of violent crime. E) have recently ceased to appeal to the young. 2. For Mr. Wilson the main difference between a horror film and one showing violent crime is that the former _____. A) is mainly concerned with everyday situations. B) is liked by the young, and the latter by the old. C) is unrelated to real life, whereas the latter is. D) is less expensive to produce than the latter. E) rarely receives any attention from the young. 3. The interviewer wanted to find out whether _____. A) young people were being harmed by horror films. B) Mr. Wilson had himself been affected by horror films. C) Mr. Wilson preferred horror films to films of violence. D) people were seriously objecting to horror films. E) the effects of crime films were being exaggerated. |
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Answer» 1 D) are less damaging to young people that films of violent crime 2 C) is unrelated to real life, whereas the latter is. 3 A) young people were being harmed by horror films. |
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| 11325. |
Three girls K, L, M and three boys N, Z and P are sitting around a table facing inwards playing cards. K and L do not sit next to each other. Z and P are opposite each other. M is sitting to the immediate right of P. If K is not between Z and M, then N is not next to P. Which of the following is not an arrangement (in clockwise direction) satisfying the conditions given above?1. NK Z LMP2. PKN Z LM3. LN Z KMP4. KMPNL Z |
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Answer» Correct Answer - Option 1 : NK Z LMP The correct answer is NKZLMP. Let us interpret all the options as per the given conditions:
Hence, the correct answer is NK Z LMP.
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| 11326. |
Five theatres PVR, DT, Chanakya, Regal and Maratha Mandir screen two out of ten films based on Romance, Thriller, Horror, Adventure, Children, Drama, Documentary, History, Religion and Cartoon. Each theatre exhibits only two films and allots two different slots for them, wherein slot I is before slot II. Chanakya screens a Horror film in the first slot, while Maratha Mandir exhibits a Historical film in the second slot. DT exhibits a thriller film in the second slot and Regal exhibits a documentary film. Drama must be exhibited only in the second slot. The children’s film and the Cartoon film are exhibited in the same theatre while the religious film is not in the first slot. If Chanakya screens a Religious film in its second slot, then which of the films can be screened by theatre Regal?1. Cartoon and History2. Documentary and Drama3. Documentary and History4. Horror and Documentary |
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Answer» Correct Answer - Option 2 : Documentary and Drama The correct answer is Documentary and Drama. Based on the given information, we get the following table:
Hence, the correct answer is Documentary and Drama.
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| 11327. |
Which R.K. Narayan classic opens with the line: His Mother, Who Died delivering him, and his father, who was killed in Mesopotamia, might have been figures in a legend as far as Sriram was concerned? |
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Answer» Waiting for Mahatma |
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| 11328. |
The half-life of a chemical reaction does not change by either increasing or decreasing the initial concentration of reactant. What is the order of the reaction?A. ZeroB. FirstC. SecondD. Fractional |
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Answer» Correct Answer - B For first order reaction, the half-life time is given as : `t_(1//2)=(0.693)/(K)` `therefore` The half-life is independent of the concentration of reactant. |
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| 11329. |
Which Vikram Seth book of poetry has an important recreation of a fragment that pays tribute to the Babarnama? |
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Answer» The Humble Administrator's Garden |
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| 11330. |
This unique 10 acre sanctuary, the only of its kind in the world currently has 65 of the species. Called as Punnathurkotta facility, the place now has veterinary doctors and attendants. What does this palace near Thrissur specialise in? |
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Answer» Correct answer is Elephants |
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| 11331. |
Concerning safety limits and indices used in ultrasound: a. The time-averaged ultrasound intensity should nowhere exceed 100 mW cm-2 b. The total sound energy (intensity dwell time) should nowhere exceed 100 J cm-2 c. The thermal index (TI) is the ratio of the power emitted to the power required to increase the whole body temperature by 1°C d. The mechanical index (MI) is the peak rarefaction pressure divided by the square root of the ultrasound frequency e. Both TI and MI must always be displayed on the ultrasound control panel |
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Answer» a. True. This is approximately 1000 times greater than the typical intensity in the focal region. b. False. It should not exceed 50 J cm-2 . c. False. TI applies to the temperature rise in the insonated tissue, not the whole body. d. True. e. False. They need to be displayed if the equipment is capable of exceeding a TI or MI of 1.0 in the selected scanning mode (B-mode, spectral Doppler, etc.). In such cases, the indices must be displayed regardless of their value (i.e. even if they are below 1.0). |
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| 11332. |
A one litre vessel contains 3 moles each of gases A, B, C and D at equilibrium. If one mole each of A and B are removed `K_(C)` for `A(g)+B(g)hArrC(g)+D(g)` will beA. 2.5B. 4C. 1D. `1//4` |
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Answer» Correct Answer - C The vlaue of `K_(C)` does not change either by adding or removing reactants or products from the equilibrium mixture. |
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| 11333. |
Amongst the top six individual score in a follow-on effort, are the exploits of three Indians in Test cricket. They were V.V.S Laxman (2000-01) with 281, Rahul Dravid (2000-01) with 180 and who against New Zealand for a heroic innings at Mumbai in 1964-65, where he scored 200 not out? |
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Answer» Dilip Sardesai |
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| 11334. |
Regarding dual-energy subtraction: a. A high kV image displays a high contrast between bone and soft tissues b. At low kV, the image contrast is influenced by tissue density rather than atomic number c. Subtraction of the low kV from the high kV image improves the soft tissue contrast d. Subtraction of the high kV from the low kV image displays bony details e. This technique involves taking three images: mask, low kV and high kV in rapid succession |
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Answer» a. False. A low kV image displays a high contrast between bone and soft tissues. b. False. At high kV, the contrast of bone is significantly reduced, and image contrast is influenced by tissue density rather than atomic number. c. True. d. True. e. False. No mask image is needed. |
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| 11335. |
Concerning the reflection of ultrasound waves: a. Specular reflection occurs when the size of the reflector is much larger than the ultrasound wavelength b. The angle of specular reflection depends on the differences in acoustic impedance of tissues forming the boundary and is described by Snell’s law c. For a normal angle of incidence, approximately 30–40% of ultrasound is transmitted at an interface between bone and soft tissue d. The degree of ultrasound reflection at an interface between different soft tissues (for example, fat–muscle interface) is up to 10% e. The echo texture of the liver parenchyma is due to scattering |
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Answer» a. True. b. False. The angle of specular reflection is, by definition, equal to the angle of incidence. Snell’s law governs the process of refraction. c. False. Approximately 30–40% is reflected, and 60–70% is transmitted. d. False. Only up to 1–2% is reflected. e. True. Hence, the echo texture of the liver is independent of the sonication angle. |
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| 11336. |
Concerning the non-thermal effects of ultrasound: a. In general, non-inertial cavitation is not a big problem in ultrasound b. The risk of cavitation is increased in the presence of micro bubble contrast media c. In the presence of micro bubbles, there is a risk of cavitation while scanning with a mechanical index (MI) in excess of 1.0 d. Organs at risk of cavitation-related damage in the absence of contrast media include the intestine and lungs both in the prenatal and postnatal period e. Acoustic streaming has the potential to cause tissue damage with an MI above 2.0 |
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Answer» a. True. Non-inertial (stable) cavitation is an oscillation of a pre-existing bubble subject to a pressure wave. It develops over several cycles and would require insonation with a continuous ultrasound wave held in one position, which rarely happens in practice. Inertial (transient) cavitation (growth and collapse of a bubble within a few cycles creating shock waves and an extreme local temperature rise) has more potential for damage. b. True. c. False. Such a risk exists at an MI above 0.7. d. False. In an aerated lung, there is indeed a risk of cavitation-induced haemorhage (e.g. during transoesophageal scanning). As the fetal lung is not aerated, it is not prone to such damage. e. False. Acoustic streaming (movement of fluid along an ultrasound beam, or ‘quartz wind’) is unlikely to cause adverse effects. |
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| 11337. |
Two solids AB and `CB_2` are simultaneously heated in a closed vessel to attain equilibrium. `AB(s)hArrA(g)+B(g)`..(1) `CB_2(s)hArrC(s)+2B(g)`….(2) `K_P` for (1) and (2) reaction are `4.8xx10^(-6)` and `5.76xx10^(-6)`.If partial pressure of A at equilibrium is `2xx10^(-x)`, find x. |
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Answer» Correct Answer - 3 `{:(AB(s)hArr,A(g)+,B(g),),(,y,2x+y,K_P=4.8xx10^(-6)),(CB_2(s)hArr,C(s)+,2B(g),),(,,2x+y,K_P=5.76xx10^(-6)):}` `(2x+y)^2=5.76xx10^(-6)` `(2x+u)=2.4xx10^(-3)` `implies " " 2.4xx10^(-3)xxy=4.8xx10^(-6)` `y=2xx10^(-3)` |
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| 11338. |
Regarding dual-energy radiography: a. It exploits spectral differences in X-ray attenuation by various tissues b. It may be used to produce selective tissue images c. It always requires two separate exposures d. In dual-exposure systems for chest radiography, tube potentials of 60 and 120 kV are usually used e. Dual-exposure systems are prone to misregistration artefacts |
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Answer» a. True. It is based on differences in the degree to which different tissues attenuate high- and low-energy photons. b. True. By subtracting images obtained at high and low peak kV (kVp), selective bone and soft tissue images can be obtained. c. False. This is true for dual-exposure systems that obtain two radio graphs sequentially at different kVp. There are also single-exposure systems where two image plates divided by a copper filter (‘sandwiched detectors’) are simultaneously exposed, with the back detector receiving filtered, higher energy photons. d. True. e. True. This is due to a slight (200 ms) time delay between the two exposures. |
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| 11339. |
Regarding ultrasound refraction: a. The angle of refraction depends on the velocities of ultrasound in the media on both sides of the boundary b. Ultrasound traversing an interface between muscle and bone will bend towards the normal c. The critical angle is the angle of incidence at which the refracted beam travels parallel to the boundary d. Refraction plays an important role in the phenomenon of acoustic enhancement behind a fluid-filled structure e. Refraction is one of the principal causes of artefacts in ultrasound imaging |
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Answer» a. True. The ratio of sines of the angles of incidence and refraction is equal to the ratio of velocities in the two tissues forming the boundary. This is known as Snell’s law. b. False. The velocity of ultrasound in bone is higher, so the angle of refraction will be larger than the angle of incidence. The beam will bend away from normal (line perpendicular to the boundary). c. True. The angle of refraction in this case equals 90°. d. False. Acoustic enhancement is an attenuation artefact. Refraction does not play a role here. e. True. It may change the apparent position of objects (misregistration) and cause critical angle shadowing at interfaces that are at steep angles to the direction of the ultrasound beam (such as the lateral margins of well-defined structures). |
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| 11340. |
For the reaction at equilibrium: `A(g)+2B(g)hArrC(g)` Equilibrium constants as function of temperature are K at `300^(@)C 4xx10^(-4)` K at `450^(@)C 4.5xx10^(-5)` K at `600^(@)C 6xx10^(-7)`A. Reaction is exothermic.B. On adding D(g) at constant volume reaction will move towards right. D(g) is non reactive gasC. Yield of reaction will increase on increasing temperature.D. Both 1 and 3 |
| Answer» Only decreasing temperature, `k_(eq)` increasing so reaction is exotehrmic in forward direction | |
| 11341. |
Which of the following are true regarding the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC)? a. The photoelectric LAC is directly proportional to photon energy b. The total LAC is dependent on the physical density of the material c. The Compton LAC is dependent on atomic number d. The photoelectric LAC increases as the atomic number increases e. The Compton LAC is dependent on the electron density |
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Answer» a. False. The probability that photoelectric absorption will occur decreases as the photon energy is reduced. b. True. Total LAC = Compton LAC + photoelectric LAC. The density of the material influences both types of attenuation. c. False. It is independent of the atomic number as it only involves interaction with free electrons. d. True. e. True. The probability that the Compton effect will occur is proportional to the physical density of the material, as well as to the electron density. |
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| 11342. |
Concerning the attenuation of ultrasound: a. In contrast to the attenuation of X-rays, it is not an exponential process b. It is mostly due to loss of energy from the primary beam due to scattering and reflection c. In a particular medium, it depends on the frequency of the ultrasound d. The attenuation coefficient of water is similar to that of non-clotted blood e. A thickness of tissue equal to the half-value layer (HVL) attenuates the ultrasound beam by 3 dB |
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Answer» a. False. The attenuation of ultrasound is also exponential. b. False. Attenuation is mostly caused by energy absorption by frictional and viscous forces in the medium, with some contribution from scattering and partial reflection. c. True. The attenuation coefficient of most tissues increases linearly with the frequency, and for soft tissues is typically in the range of 0.3–0.6 dB cm-1 MHz=-1 . d. False. Water attenuates ultrasound waves to a lesser degree than blood. e. True. In the logarithmic scale, log 0.5 = 0.3 Bel = 3 dB. |
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| 11343. |
Which of the following is strongest base?A. `H_(3)C-CH_(3)-NH_(2)`B. `H_(3)C-CH=NH`C. `H_(3)C-C=N`D. `H_(2)C-CH_(2)-overset(o+)NH` |
| Answer» Due to negative charge (localised) and +1 effect of `CH_(3)-CH_(2)` | |
| 11344. |
Concerning factors influencing attenuation: a. In material with a low atomic number, the photoelectric effect results in complete absorption b. The energy of the incident photon must be greater than the binding energy of the electron in photoelectric absorption c. An increase in the incident photon energy results in recoil electrons with lower penetration d. Reducing the tube voltage (kV) results in less scatter reaching the film e. The kinetic energy of the photo electron ejected as a result of the photoelectric effect is not dependent on the atomic number of the material |
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Answer» a. True. Characteristic radiation produced as a result of the photoelectric effect, in material with a low atomic number, has low photon energy and is absorbed almost immediately by the material. b. True. Incident photon energy must be greater than the binding energy of the electron to eject it from its shell. c. False. An increase in photon energy results in recoil electrons with higher energy and penetration. d. True. Reducing the tube voltage causes a reduction in photon energy, having a two-fold effect: i. There is more sideways scatter and less forward scatter towards the film ii. The scatter rays are less penetrating. e. False. The energy of the incident photon, in the photoelectric effect, is taken up in removing the electron (binding energy) and the rest becomes the kinetic energy of that electron. Kinetic energy of photo electron = photon energy – binding energy (Ek or EL). Hence, a higher atomic number results in a higher binding energy and therefore a photo electron with a lower energy. |
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| 11345. |
Regarding the photoelectric effect: a. It results in the production of Bremsstrahlung radiation b. It results in the production of scattered photons, the energy of which is dependent on the initial photon energy (keV) c. X-rays passing through barium cause greater scatter than those passing through human tissues d. Ejection of a K-shell electron by an incident photon results in the production of an Auger electron e. Auger electrons are produced as an indirect result of photoelectric radiation |
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Answer» a. False. The photoelectric effect involves an incident photon removing a bound electron from its shell, resulting in the hole created being filled by electrons from outer shells, causing the emission of characteristic radiation. b. False. Unlike the Compton effect, the energy of the incident photon is completely absorbed after colliding with the electron and the photon disappears, resulting in no scatter photons. c. True. Barium has a higher atomic number than human tissue and therefore produces characteristic radiation as a result of the photoelectric effect, with sufficient energy to exit the patient and act as scatter. d. False. Ejection of the electron results in the production of characteristic radiation and an ejected electron (called a photo electron). e. True. The characteristic radiation produced as a result of the photoelectric effect is absorbed almost immediately in material with a low atomic number, resulting in the ejection of a further low-energy electron (Auger electron). |
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| 11346. |
In which of the following compounds there is absence of secondary carbon.A. 2,3,3,4-Tetra methyl PentaneB. 2,2,3,4-Tetramethyl PentaneC. 3-Ethyl-2,4-dimethyl pentaneD. 3-Ethyl pentane |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 11347. |
Baby Rahul has taken birth in this place and has acquired Nosocomial infections that have been potentially caused by organisms that are resistant to antibiotics. In which place has he taken birth? a) Homeb) School c) Hospital d) Laboratory |
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Answer» Correct option: c) Hospital |
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| 11348. |
The polar as well as planar compound isA. `ClF_(3)`B. `H_(2)O_(2)`C. `BF_(3)`D. `SF_(4)` |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 11349. |
IUPAC name of given compound isA. 3-Bromo 4-chlorhept-1-en-6 -yneB. 5-Bromo 4-chlorohept -1-en-6-yneC. 3-Bromo 4-chlorohetp-6-en-1-yneD. 5-Bromo 4-chlorohept -6 -en -1 -yne |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 11350. |
Concerning Bremsstrahlung radiation: a. It results mainly from filament electrons colliding with the nucleus b. It can result in photons that are equivalent in energy to the tube voltage c. It results in X-ray photons of the same energy, which are dependent on the target material d. An increase in atomic number of the target material results in an increase in the energy of photons e. A reduction in atomic number results in reduced photon production |
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Answer» a. False. Bremsstrahlung radiation mainly results from filament electrons penetrating the K-shell and being deflected by the nucleus, resulting in a loss of some of its energy in the form of a single photon. b. True. Rarely, an electron can collide with the nucleus, which completely stops it, resulting in a photon with the same energy as the applied tube voltage. c. False. This is true for characteristic radiation. However, Bremsstrahlung radiation produces photons with varying energies, resulting in a continuous spectrum. d. False. Increasing the atomic number of the target material results in an increase in the number of photons, but does not affect the photon energy, which is dependent on the energy of the electrons (keV). e. True. |
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