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A commonly used car washer has following main parts: 

a) Electric motor 

b) Reciprocating water pump 

c) Water tank 

d) Spray nozzle 

e) Flexible water pipe 

f) Control valve 

g) Safety valve 

h) V-belt and pulley 

i) Pressure gauge (Any 4)

A positive camber causes the wheels to Toe-out.

Correct option: c. it has smaller sag

Electronic Power Steering System: 

In electronic power steering, a magnet and a magnet torque sensor are mounted at the end of the steering shaft. The torque sensor senses the amount and direction of turning moment the driver is putting on the steering wheel. By the turning effect the magnet moves. The signal, the strength of which depends on the amount of torque applied on the steering shaft, is sent to an electronic control module (ECM). The ECM sends currents in varying magnitude to the electric motor. The rotation of the motor forces the ball nut to move. This produces a force on the rack. The steering effort is then supplied by the electric motor and the driver is relieved.

a. The power steering system reduces the number of turns of steering wheel. 

b. Easy steering while parking, at low speeds or tight turns.

Adjuster is provided in the track rod of Steering Linkage for Vehicle with Rigid Axle Front Suspension to change its length for adjusting wheel alignment.

Correct option: d. All above

Slip Joint adjust the length of the propeller shaft when demanded by the rear axle movements.

Human-Machine Interface (HMI):

• A Human-Machine Interface (HMI) is a user interface that connects a person to a machine, system, or device.
• It also can refer to any screen that allows a user to interact with a device.
• It is most commonly used in the industrial process.
• It is sometimes referred to as Man-Machine Interface (MMI), Operator Interface Terminal (OIT), Local Operator Interface (LOI), or Operator Terminal (OT).
• In industrial settings, HMIs can be used to Visually display data, Track production time, trends, and tags, Oversee KPIs, Monitor machine inputs and outputs, etc

The power steering system is the system employed in automobiles to reduce the effort required to operate the steering wheel. This feature adds to the comfort while driving, as less effort is required to turn the steering by the driver.

There are two types of power steering system 

• Hydraulic Power Steering 
• Electronic Power Steering

Human-Machine Interface (HMI) in SCADA: 

• Human-Machine Interface abbreviated as HMI is a user interface that is a combination of hardware and software that permits easy interaction between human and machine.
• The main purpose of establishing such an interaction between humans and machines is to control and monitor the processes ongoing at remote locations without physically being present at that particular location.
• Its major aim is to ensure effective operation through controlling the system which is being monitored.
• This is done by a human operator that takes the operational decisions and holds the power for manual overriding of automatic control operation in case of emergency.

Functions of HMI:

1. Visualizing data display.
2. Monitoring the inputs and outputs of the machines.
3. Tracking of production time, trends, etc.
4. Performing the required changes when needed.
    

Components of Human-Machine Interface: 

1. Operator Console:

• The operator console is a very important part of HMI as it has various units like visual display units (VDUs), pointer/cursor, keyboard, and communication facilities, etc.
• The VSUs are basically monitoring screens like CRT, LED, LCD, etc. with antiglare screen coating.
• The work of cursor is performed by mouse, trackball, or the touch-screen facility. All the monitors share a keyboard and cursor which moves through all the screens without user intervention.
• In SCADA systems, a single operator handles around 3 to 4 monitors so as to have a display facility with full graphics that facilitates proper planning and monitoring of the system.
• Audible alarms are also present at the operator console that intimates the operator regarding the event occurring in the system and also informs the user whenever there is a need to change the existing event.
   

2. Operator Dialogue:

• Dialogue boxes act as a communication bridge between the operator and the computer.
• It pops up whenever there is any information to be given or in case of any query while operating.
• The engineer must design it in the easiest possible way so that its commands are simple and easily understandable.
• The function keys present in the keyboard are programmed so that any major changes do not require much of the operator’s efforts.
   

3. Mimic Diagram:

• In the large station centre, a mimic diagram is a crucial component through which the operator gets the full view of the processes under control.
• This needs large multiple screen displays like LCDs or LEDs with SCADA operability.
• There is a mosaic map board either of static or dynamic nature which is directly linked to HMI.
• So, this offers upgrades of the map board directly at the time when HMIs are upgraded.

4. Peripheral devices:

• The peripheral devices used in interconnection with HMIs are printers.
• Majorly these are of 3 types, one is used to print the alarms and SOEs.
• A colour printer is used to capture screenshots.
• While the third one is a laser printer which is black and white and prints the latest reports.

Stub axle is an inter-mediatory small shaft between the road wheel and the front (dead) axle.

a. Mechanical linkage type steering system 

b. Power steering system

The functions of the final drive are to provide a permanent speed reduction and also to turn the drive round through 90°.

Non - verbal communication is the use of body language, gestures and facial expressions to convey information to others.

 Correct answer is c. Num lock

(c) Simple

Simple is not an example of Communication Style.

Correct answer is b. Non-Verbal

Water boils at 100°C or 212 F at one atmosphere of pressure. Liquids boil when the pressure of the atmosphere is equal to the pressure of the liquid. When the pressure of the atmosphere is reduced a liquid boils at a lower temperature. This is what happens when you climb a mountain. When pressure cooker is used steam is trapped in the pot and it increases the pressure above the water. this causes the water to boil at a temperature more than 100°C. when you pull back on the plunger, the pressure in the syringe is reduced and the liquid boils t a lower temperature. You can boil water at about 50°C in this system.

The applied negative feedback can improve its performance (gain stability, linearity, frequency response, step response) and reduces sensitivity to parameter variations due to manufacturing or environment. Because of these advantages, many amplifiers and control systems use negative feedback.

Advantages of Negative Feedback to an Amplifier:

• Bandwidth of amplifier increases.

• Noise gets reduced.

• Stability of amplifier increases.

• Decreases frequency distortion.

Negative feedback has several aspects to is. First, it reduces the gain of the circuit. Typical amplifier circuits have very high gain, and then a negative feedback loop is placed around the circuit that lowers the gain to a desired level. 

The major changes that are introduced by negative feedback are:

• Reduced sensitivity to changes in open-loop gain.
• Increases the bandwidth - While open-loop amplifier have high gain, they generally have low bandwidth.
• Increase input impedance and decreases output impedance - Basically makes the amplifier closer to an ideal amplifier
• It Decreases the output noise 

Let the intensities be I_o 

The resultant intensity is, I = 4I_o  cos² (φ/2) 

Resultant intensity when, ϕ = π/ 3, is I = 4I_o cos² (π / 6) I 

= 4I_o (√3 / 2)² =3I_o

L = 40 x 10^-3 H; i = 0.1 sin (200 t – 40°); X_L = ωL = 200 x 40 x 10^-3 = 8 Ω 

V_m = I_m X_L = 0.3 x 8 = 2.4 V 

In an inductive circuit, the voltage leads the current by 90° Therefore, 

\(v\)= V_m sin (ωt + 90°) 

\(v\) = 2.4 sin (200f – 40°+ 90°) 

\(v\)= 2.4 sin (200f +50°)volt

Given, 

R₁ = 20 cm

R₂ = 100 cm

Then focal length 

\(f_1 = \frac {R_1}2\)

\(f_1 = \frac {20}2\)

f₁ = 10 cm

So power of 20cm curvature radius lens 

\(p_1= \frac{100} {f_1}\) 

\(p_1= \frac{100} {10}\) 

p₁ =  10 D

For R₂ = 100 cm

The focal length 

\(f_2 = \frac {R_2}2\)

\(f_2 = \frac {100}2\)

f₂ = 50 cm

Then power will be  

\( p_2=\frac{100}{f_2}\) 

\( p_2=\frac{100}{50}\)

p₂ = 2 D

A bimolecular reaction becomes rst order reaction when one of the reactants is
in excess

First order reaction.

[Hint : Al is stronger reducing agent than carbon.]

Molecularity of a reaction means the number of molecules of the reactants taking
place in an elementary reaction. Since at least one molecule must be present, so
that molecularity will be atleast one.

Molecularity of a reaction means the number of molecules of the reactants taking place in an elementary reaction. Since at least one molecule must be present, so that molecularity will be atleast one. 

Mass of solute = 1.5 

Mass of solvent = 15 

solubility of the solute = Mass of solute/Mass of solvent.

 solubility of solute = 1.5/15×100 = 10g

(a) Chlorine when reacts with dry slaked lime bleaching powder is obtained.

Ca (OH)₂ + Cl₂ → Ca (OCl) Cl + H₂O 

(b) When chlorine reacts with hot and conc. Solution of NaOH, a mixture of sodium chloride and sodium chlorate is obtained.

6 NaOH + 3Cl₂ → 5NaCl + NaClO₃ + 3H₂O