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(a) Choke-input filter

(d) Series regulator

(c) Increase the duty cycle

(b) Reverse-biased 

The correct answer is: (b) Zero

(c) Operating in the breakdown region

The correct answer is: (d) 41.7 mV

(c) Increases

(c) Zener resistance

(a) Decreases

The correct answer is: (b) High

The correct answer is: (a) 0

(a) Capture range

factor of 4

The AM system is Double side band (DSB) with full carrier. The expression for total power in such modulation signal is

p_t = \(\cfrac{Ec^2}{2R}\) + \(\cfrac{\mu^2E_{c^2}}{4\,2R}\)

p_t = p_c + \(\cfrac{\mu^2}2\) p_c

p_SB = \(\cfrac{\mu^2}2\) p_c

\(\cfrac{p_{SB}}{p_c}\) = \(\cfrac{\mu^2}2\)

Now if µ (modulation index) is doubled then P_SB/P_C Will be 4 times

(d) Equals fin

The correct answer is: (d) Ground

(a) Remains almost the same

(a) Q point moves up

The answer is: (d) Space

(a) Decreases

(a) Positive feedback

(a) Rectangular wave

Here, selling price of the flat = Rs 88,00,000 

Rate of commission = 2% 

Commission = 2% of selling price

= \(\cfrac{2}{100}\)× 88,00,000 

= 2 × 88,000 

= Rs 1,76,000 

∴ Total commission = Commission from Rajabhau + Commission from Vasantrao

= Rs 1,76,000 + Rs 1,76,000

= Rs 3,52,000 

∴ The agent got a commission of Rs 3,52,000.

(i) Given matrices are \(A=\begin{bmatrix}1\\-4\\3\end{bmatrix},B=\begin{bmatrix}-1&2&1\end{bmatrix}\)

∴ \(A'=\begin{bmatrix}1&-4&3\end{bmatrix},B'=\begin{bmatrix}-1\\2\\1\end{bmatrix}\)

\(AB=\begin{bmatrix}1\\-4\\3\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}-1&2&1\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}-1&2&1\\4&-8&-4\\-3&6&3\end{bmatrix}\)

\(\therefore(AB)'=\begin{bmatrix}-1&4&-3\\2&-8&6\\1&-4&3\end{bmatrix}\)

Now, \(B'A'=\begin{bmatrix}-1\\2\\1\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}1&-4&3\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}-1&-4&-3\\2&-8&6\\1&-4&3\end{bmatrix}\)

Hence, (AB)' = B'A'.

(ii) \(A=\begin{bmatrix}0\\1\\2\end{bmatrix},B=\begin{bmatrix}1&5&7\end{bmatrix}\)

∴ \(A'=\begin{bmatrix}0&1&2\end{bmatrix},B'=\begin{bmatrix}1\\5\\7\end{bmatrix}\)

\(AB=\begin{bmatrix}0\\1\\2\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}1&5&7\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}0&0&0\\1&5&7\\2&10&14\end{bmatrix}\)

\((AB)'=\begin{bmatrix}0&1&2\\0&5&10\\0&7&14\end{bmatrix}\)

 Now, \(B'A'=\begin{bmatrix}1\\5\\7\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}0&1&2\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}0&1&2\\0&5&10\\0&7&14\end{bmatrix}\)

Hence, (AB)' = B'A'.

The poor people benefitted from the spread of print culture in India on account of the availability of low-price books and public libraries. Enlightening essays were written against caste discrimination and its inherent injustices. These were read by people across the country. On the encouragement and support of social reformers, over-worked factory workers set up libraries for self-education, and some of them even published their own works, for example, Kashibaba and his “Chhote Aur Bade Sawal”.

Correct option (B) Srinivas Das

Explanation:

Srinivas Das is the author of the novel “Pariksha Gurus.” 

Salmonella is associated with Typhoid.

Correct option (B) Samuel Richardson

Explanation:

Samuel Richardson‟s Pamela, written in the eighteenth Century, told much of its story through an exchange of letters between two lovers. 

The people who feared the effect of easily available printed books were the ones who held some power, whether in terms of religion, caste, class or politics. The fear was that their power and authority would get eroded if ideas questioning their power and authority gained mass popularity. In Europe, for example, the Roman Catholic Church conveyed its sense of apprehension for the print medium by stating that the promotion of new "printed" readings of faith would lead to blasphemous questionings of faith and encourage heretical ideas. It considered itself to be the sole authority for interpreting religion. Hence, it set up the Index of Prohibited Books in 1558 to repress any published material that it felt corroded this authority.
In India, apart from the colonial government which did its bit in regulating and suppressing newspapers and books that questioned and criticised colonial authority, the religious leaders and the upper castes also displayed their fear of the print medium. They understood that their religious and social superiority was in danger due to the easily accessible "printed" ideas contradicting their systems of beliefs. They knew that the popularisation of such ideas would incite people to rebellion.

AIDS is identified first of all in  United States of America (USA).

Correct option (A) Sambad Kaumudi

Explanation:

Sambad Kaumudi was the weekly newspaper whose publication was started by Raja Ram Mohan Roy.

Correct option (B) A great inventor of Germany

Explanation:

Gutenberg was the son of merchant and grew up on a large agricultural estate. The first book he printed was the Bible.

(a) Britain’s involvement in wars from 1793 and  1815 greatly affected its economy. Factories shut  down and trade also suffered.  

(b) Due to shutdown of factories workers became  jobless. There was no capital formation and  possibility of reinvestment during the war  period.  

(c) Britain had to borrow capital for carrying out its  expenses during war. The prices of commodities  also became very high.  

(d) Moreover, Napoleon Bonaparte’s continental  policy made the Britain to face the economic  crisis. He blocked the trade market for Britain  as a result of which goods from Britain could  not reach the markets of other countries.  

(e) There was an acute shortage of supply of  commodities.

Correct option (A) The Buddhist Diamond Sutra

Explanation:

The oldest Japanese book, printed in A.D. 868, is the Buddhist Diamond Sutra, Containing 6 sheets of the text and wood cut illustrations. 

The correct answer is Bhanpura.

• Prehistoric painted rock shelters at Chaturbhuj Nala are located in Bhanpura.
• Bhanpura is a small town in the Mandsaur district of Madhya Pradesh that has a wealth of heritage and natural beauty away from the hustle and bustle of city life.
• About 30 km from the town, Chaturbhujnath Nala or Chaturbhuj Nala are located.
• Thousands of ancient rock paintings are made over the 5 km long trail.
• It belongs to the pre-pastoral (over 6,000-12,000 years old) to the early medieval age (10th century), the Chaturbhuj Nala rock shelters are often compared to the UNESCO approved Bhimbetka rock shelters.
• It is named after a nearby Chaturbhujnath temple, the site was discovered in 1977 by a local school teacher Ramesh Kumar Pancholi and his friends.
• The town has a number of historic places such as Daraki-Chattan, Hinglajgarh Fort, Hinglaj Mata Temple, etc.

(a) Guiseppe Mazzini: He was an Italian revolutionary who played a significant role in promoting the idea of a unified Italian state. He believed that nations were the natural units of mankind, and so Italy (which was then divided into a number of small states and kingdoms) had to be forged into a single unified republic. During the 1830s, he strived to put together a coherent programme for such a unitary Italian Republic. He also set up two secret societies, namely Young Italy and Young Europe. These societies helped in the dissemination of his ideas.

 (b) Count Camillo de Cavour: Of the seven states of Italy, only Sardinia-Piedmont was ruled by an Italian princely house. When the revolutionary uprisings of 1831 and 1848 failed to unite Italy, the responsibility to establish a unified Italy fell upon this Italian state. King Victor Emmanuel II was its ruler and Cavour was the Chief Minister. Cavour led the movement to unite the separate states of nineteenth-century Italy. He engineered a careful diplomatic alliance with France, which helped Sardinia-Piedmont defeat the Austrian forces in 1859, and thereby free the northern part of Italy from the Austrian Habsburgs.

 (c) The Greek war of independence: This was a successful war of independence waged by Greek revolutionaries between 1821 and 1829 against the Ottoman Empire. The Greeks were supported by the West European countries, while poets and artists hailed Greece as the cradle of European civilisation. Finally, the Treaty of Constantinople of 1832 recognised Greece as an independent nation.

 (d) Frankfurt parliament: It was an all-German National Assembly formed by the middle-class professionals, businessmen and prosperous artisans belonging to the different German regions. It was convened on 18 May, 1848 in the Church of St. Paul, in the city of Frankfurt. This assembly drafted a constitution for a German nation to be headed by a monarchy subject to a parliament. However, it faced opposition from the aristocracy and military. Also, as it was dominated by the middle classes, it lost its mass support base. In the end, it was forced to disband on 31 May, 1849.

(e) The role of women in nationalist struggles: Artistic representations of the French Revolution show men and women participating equally in the movement. Liberty is personified as a woman; also, liberal nationalism propounded the idea of universal suffrage, leading to women’s active participation in nationalist movements in Europe. Although women had actively participated in nationalist struggles, they were given little or no political rights; an example being the Frankfurt parliament where women were admitted only as observers to stand in the visitors’ gallery.

Organising is the process of identifying and grouping the work to be performed. defining and delegating authority and responsibility and establishing relationships for the purpose of enabling people to work most selectively together in accomplishing objectives.

The following points highlight the importance of organizing:

a. Benefits of specialization: Organizing leads to a systematic allocation of obs amongst the work force. This reduces the workload as well as enhances productivity. Right man is placed for the right job. Repetitive performance of a specific job on regular basis helps worker to gain experience and leads to specialization.

b. Clarity in working relationships: The establishment of working relationships and clarifies lines of communication and specifies who is to report to whom. This further helps in fixation of responsibility and also specifies the dimensions of authority which an individual can exercise.

c. Optimum utilization of resources: Organising leads to the proper usage of all material, financial and human resources. The proper assignment of jobs avoids overlapping of work and also makes possible the best use of resources. Avoiding duplication of work prevents confusion and minimizing the wastage of resources.

d. Adaptation to change: The process of organizing allows a business enterprise to accommodate changes in the business environment. It allows the organization structure to be suitably modified. It provides stability to the organization.

e. Effective administration: Organising provides clear description of jobs and related duties. This helps to avoid conftision and duplication. Clarity in work relationship enables proper execution of work. Thus, it provides effective administration in the enterprise.

f. Development of personnel: organizing stimulates creativity amongst the managers. Effective delegation allows the managers to reduce their workload by assigning routine jobs to their subordinates. This reduction in the work load allows the manager to develop new methods and ways of performing tasks for the growth of an organization. It also develops ability among the subordinates to deal effectively with the challenges.

g. Expansion and growth: Organising helps in the growth and diversification of an enterprise by enabling it to deviate from existing norms and taking up new challenges.

Conclusion: Thus, organizing is a process by which the manager brings order out of confusion, removes conflict among people over work or responsibility sharing and creates an environment suitable for team work.

• The demand for speciality products is limited as relatively small number of people buy these products. 
• These products are generally costly and their unit price is very high. 
• After sales services are very important for many of the speciality products. 
• These products are available for sale at few places as the number of customers is small.