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The correct answer is Palash.

• Palash is the state flower of Uttar Pradesh.
• Scientific name of Palash is Butea monosperma.
• Other important facts about Uttar Pradesh:
  • State Animal - Barasingha.
  • State Bird - Sarus crane.
  • State Tree - Ashoka tree.

About Uttar Pradesh: 

The correct answer is Masi Magam.

• The festival of Masi Magam is celebrated during the Makam Nakshatra in the month of Masi in Tamil.
  • The festival of Masi Magam or Masi Makam is usually celebrated on the full moon day.
  • The procession of the idols of the temples is taken out on the day of Masi Magam.
  • They are taken to the seashore, pond, or lake for bathing.
  • Worshiping on this day gives a person the blessings of the Magh star. 
  • It is a symbol of consciousness, strength, and vastness.
• The Mopin Festival is the main festival of the Alo District of Arunachal Pradesh and it is celebrated by the Gallo tribe as the new year.

• "Khuado Kut" is one of the major festivals of the Pait community as a thanksgiving ceremony, and it is the festival of Mizoram.
  • After all harvesting from the farm is held "during the full moon night".
  • The people of the village gather for their well-being and wishes for the next good harvest.​

The correct answer is Preparing food.

• 'Dum Pukht' is a popular process of preparing food in Uttar Pradesh.
• Dum Pukht is a popular method of cooking associated in Northern India.
• Dum means to breathe and Pukht means to cook.
• In this method, meat and vegetables are cooked over a low flame with a few spices in a dough sealed container.
• In fact, the process of slow roasting assures that maximum flavour is reached.

About Uttar Pradesh: 

The correct answer is 1855.

• The first jute mill was established at Rishra, on the river Hooghly near Kolkata in the year 1855.
• After Partition in 1947, the jute mills remained in India but three-fourth of the jute producing area went to Bangladesh (erstwhile East Pakistan).
• India is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods and stands in second place as an exporter after Bangladesh.
• Most of the mills are located in West Bengal, mainly along the banks of the Hugli river, in a narrow belt.

• There are about 70 jute mills in the country, of which about 60 are in West Bengal.
• Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibers is also located in West Bengal. 

2. Suitable for large scale cargo transport 

3. Does not cause environmental pollution. 

4. Does not cause environmental pollution. 

5. Most suitable for international trade.

2. Godavari – Krishna and their tributaries. 

3. Buckingham canal of Andhra – Tamilnadu region 

4. Mandovi and Zuari rivers of Goa 

5. Backwaters of Kerala

Axis Powers and Allied Powers. 

Papyrus was used for writing, by the ancient Egyptians.

Fascism was founded by Benito Mussolini in post war Italy. Its ideologies were patriotism, anti-communism and nationalism.

UK, France, USA, Russia and others.

English and French are two of the official languages of U.N.O.

• Traditional economic system of the colonies were destroyed. 
• Administrative and judicial system were replaced. 
• Forced to cultivate cash crops instead of food crops.
• Indigenous art, literature, language, culture and education system were destroyed. 
• Poverty and unemployment increased. 
• Natural resources were exploited.

England, France, U.S.S.R and U.S.A

Napoleon Bonaparte was born at Ajaccio in the island of Corsica on August 15^th 1769.

Imperialist rivalry drove the European countries into several crisis among which the Moroccan crisis and Balkan crisis were considered to be important. When Austria laid its claim over the Balkan region with the support of Germany, Serbia claimed this region with the support of Russia.

During this time, a Serbian youth GaveriloPrinsep, assassinated Francis Ferdinand, the heir to the throne of Austria at the Bosnian capital Sarajevo in July 1914. Austria held Serbia responsible for it and declared war on Serbia on 28 July 1914. The allied nations rushed to help their allies. Almost all the nations of the world directly or indirectly were involved in it. Therefore this war is known as the First World War.

• The European countries had established trade relationship with Asian, African and Latin American countries. 
• Using political power and military forces, European countries economically exploited these nations. 
• Later they became the colonies of European countries. This process is called colonization.

First Non-Alignment conference was held in Belgrade

i)Treaty of Versailles – 1919 

ii) World Economic Depression – 1929 

iii) Formation of UNO – 1945 

iv) Formation of Israel – 1948 

v) Disintegration of Sbviet Union – 1991

a. Adoption of liberal regulations and taxation systems to facilitate import of multinational products to domestic products, 

b. Privatization, 

c. Economic system of country linked to global economy, Competition driven market came into existence, Trans- border flow of products , services,raw materials, capital, latest technology and human resources facilitated.

a. Italy 

b. Japan 

c. England 

d. France

a. 1939 September 1, 

b. 1939 September 3, 

c. United States of America dropped 2 atom bombs in Japan Little boy in Hiroshima on 6th August and Fat man in Nagasakiqn the 9th August,

d. 1945 August 15, 

e. 1945, October 24, 

f. Formation of Israel, 

g. Non- aligned movement was formed, 

h.l 96 l, 

i. 199 l, 

j. Oslo Pact

• Enmity based on ideological conflict and diplomatic confrontation between two power blocs was called the cold war. 
• Ideological conflict and political mistrust. 

The USA and the USSR that formed antifascist alliance during the Second World War parted from each other after the war. The USA floated a new alliance of capitalist countries while the USSR led socialist nations. These two blocs capitalist bloc and socialist bloc that represented contradictory ideas continued their political and diplomatic wars. This enmity based on ideological conflict and diplomatic confrontations was called the cold war.

• Supremacy of imperialist countries was questioned. 
• Freedom movements strengthened in colonies. 
• Super powers like USA and USSR supported freedom movements in colonies. 

The correct answer is Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.

• The August offer was a proposal by the British government offering dominion status and freedom to frame a constitution based on representative nature.
• The August offer was declared on 8^th August 1940.
• It expanded the members of the Governor's General council from 8 to 12.
• It accepted that framing of a new constitution would be the responsibility of Indians.
• The August offer also aimed at bringing the congress into the ongoing world war.
• The August offer was rejected by the then INC President Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad.
• Congress refused to accept the offer and demanded immediate self-government.
• Gandhiji launched individual satyagraha due to the dissatisfaction with the August offer.

• Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad was the longest-serving president of INC before independence.
• J B Kripalani was the president of INC at the time of independence.
• Pattabhi Sitaramayya was the first president of INC after independence.

The European nations resorted to various strategies to succeed in their imperialistic competitions. Aggressive nationalism was one among them. The European nations used aggressive nationalism to invade other countries. Aggressive nationalists considered their own nations as the supreme and justified whatever be the actions of their nations. Various movements in Europe were an offshoot of aggressive nationalism.

The First World War devastated both the allies. Many European governments lost their power. People were in misery. Unemployment, poverty and inflation gnawed their entire system. Fascism in Italy and Nazism in Germany rose to power, capitalizing on the political and economic chaos prevailing then. Economic destruction, rivalry against the victors, aimlessness etc. facilitated these forces to grab power.

a. Moroccan crisis, Balkan crisis. 

b. France and Germany were responsible for Moroccan crisis. 

Turkey, Serbia, Austria and Russia were responsible for Balkan crisis.

New York, United States of America

First world war that began so as to protect democracy brought it towards destruction. The victorious nations suffered from unemployment, poverty and inflation. But the failed ones suffered severely. As a result, the treaties which stopped the war created enmity. Fascism in Italy, Nazism in Germany and Communism in Russia were the result.

The UNO is strictly under powerful nations. It failed in protecting the small countries when subjected to powerful dangers. The UNO could not bring any control over the use of nuclear weapons.

• It could not withdraw the Soviet forces from Hungary. 
• It was forced to surrender before, America in Afghanistan and Iraq. 

• To protect international treaties and laws.
• To foster social and economic development of countries. 
• Ensure human rights and protect the rights of nations. 
• To co-operate for world peace and security.

1 – b,

2 – c, 

3 – a.

Ryotwari system.

Mahalwari system.

Poverty and Un British rule in India.

The 1^st war of Independence was a failure but it helped in generating nationalism. The suppression of rulers brought hatred among the Indians. It was able to motivate and create a sense of cooperation for the succeeding revolts.

The financial exploitation of British created hatred among the Indians. Dadabhai Naoroji published the facts on the deterioration of Indian economy under British rule. He established the fact that a huge amount of money was flowing to the British every year. He proved that the drain of wealth was the root cause of poverty and starvation in India. His findings were known as ‘Drain Theory.’

The sources of drain of wealth from India to British were of different types.

• Export of Indian raw materials.
• Pension and salary given for British employees.
• Profit gained after selling British products.
• Tax collected from India.

The drain of wealth to foreign countries was just a part of exploitation in India. The British used the methods of heavy taxes, unfavorable marketing etc. They gained more through these means.

• A number of textile mills, soap factories, match box companies, national banks and insurance companies were started. 
• The Bengal Chemical Store in Bengal, the Tata Iron and Steel Plant in Maharashtra, and the Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company in Tamil Nadu were started during the Swadeshi movement. 
• Import of British goods to India steadily went down during this period.

• High rate of tax 
• Tax had to be paid in cash before the cut – off date. 
• To meet this situation, they cultivated products having higher market price.

Permanent land revenue settlement system was mainly implemented among the farmers by the British. This land revenue settlement was implemented in Bengal, Bihar and Odisha region. The permanent settlement was introduced by Lord Cornwallis, the Governor General of British India. This system is also known as Zamindari system. In this system the Zamindars collected tax from the farmers. They received 1/11^th of the total tax collected as commission.

Various features of permanent land revenue settlement :

Zamindars were the owners of the entire land where they had the right to collect tax. While zamindars became the owners of the land, the actual farmers became tenants. Farmers were to pay up to 60% of the yield as tax. Tax was to be paid even at the time of poor yield. The tax was to be paid in cash strictly before the cut-off date.

• Pottery – Import of aluminium vessels. 
• Tannery – Export of raw leather to Europe. 
• Carpentry- Use of machines made of metals.

(MELVIN) CALVIN

• Textile industry : Machine made textiles imported from Britain sold at low price 
• Pottery : Import of aluminium vessels 
• Tanning : Export of raw leather to Europe 
• Carpentry : Use of machine made of metals

• Poor salary of the sepoys
• Abuse by the British officers Rumours connected with newly introduced rifle and cartridges. 
• The religious sentiments of the Hindu and Muslim soldiers were wounded. 
• Severe punishment given to sepoys who were unwilling to use the cartridges. 
• Mangal Pandey, an Indian sepoy was hanged, as he shot a British official.

BACTRIAN  that has two humps.

• Large scale import of machine made textiles in India. 
• Low price of machine made textiles. 
• Expansion of railway. 
• Imported textiles could reach the villages. 
• Traditional weavers lost their village markets. 
• Due to high export tax, textiles exported to Britain lost its market. 
• Seizing of agricultural land for non payment of tax.

(a) Phototropisn 

(b) Geotropism

(c) Chemotropism

Neck has a pivot joint, which is a freely movable joint that allows only rotary movement around a single axis. A knee cannot move as a neck because it has a hinge joint, which allows movement along one direction only.

(a) C indicates male gamete or sperm while D indicates female gamete or ovum. 

(b) Phase I reduces the chromosome number to half. 

(c) Yes. In male, 4 sperms are formed from a single germinal cell while in a female, one ovum and three polar bodies are produced from a single germinal cell.