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Solution:

Numbers divisible by 4 between 1 to 100 are:

Out of these, numbers containing one digits as 4 are:

⇒ 4, 24, 40, 44, 48, 64, and 84.

∴ Total  number is 7.

Given:

Numbers are 16, 24 and 28

Calculation:

Smallest 5 digit number = 10000

Now, we will have to find LCM of 16, 24 and 28 by prime factorization method

16 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2

24 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3

28 = 2 × 2 × 7

LCM = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 7

⇒ 336

Now, after dividing 10000 by 336

10000 = 336 × 29 + 256

Required number = 10000 – 256

⇒ 9744

∴ The required number is 9744

(a) Here multiplication operation has more priority than addition. 

hence a = 5 + 15 = 20 

(b) Here 

9 is an interger 

‘9’ is an character 

“9” is a string

Given:

n is a number where n > 3 and divisible by 3 but not divisible by 6.

Calculation:

Let assume a number which satisfies above condition.

9 is divisible by 3 but not divisible by 6 and greater than 3.

Now, go through options.

Option 1)

⇒ 2 × 9 = 18

Not divisible by 4.

Option 2)

⇒ 3 × 9 = 27

Not divisible by 4.

Option 3)

⇒ 2 × 9 + 4 = 22

Not divisible by 4.

Option 4)

⇒ 3 × 9 + 1 = 28

Divivible by 4.

∴ Option 4) 3n + 1 is divisible by 4.

#include<iostream>

#include<cstring>//for strlen()

using namespace std; 

int main() 

{ 

charstr[20];

cout<<“enter a word(eg.COMPUTER):”; 

cin>>str; 

int ij;

for(i=0;i<strlen(str);i++) 

{

for(j=0;j<=i;j++)

cout<<str[j]<<“\t”;

cout<<endl; 

} 

}

#include<iostream>

#include<cstdio>

using namespace std; 

int main() 

{ 

int i;

charstr[80];

cout<<“Enter a string\n”; 

gets(str); 

if(str[0]!=32) 

cout<<str[0];

for(i=0;str[i]!=’\0′;i++) 

if(str[i]==32 && str[i+1]!=32) 

cout<<str[i+1];

}

x = 5 means the value 5 of the RHs is assigned to the LHS variable x . Here = is the assignment operator. But x ==5, ==this is the relational (comparison) operator. Here it checks whether the value of RHS is equal to the value of LHS and this expression returns a boolean value as a result. It is the equality operation.

Given:

1 liter = 1 kg

Concept used:

1 liter = 0.001 m³ = 1000000 mm³

Calculation:

⇒ 1 liter = 1 kg

⇒ 1 kg = 1000000 mm³

⇒ 1000 g = 1000000 mm³

⇒ 0.1 g = (1000000/10000) mm³

⇒ 0.1 g = 100 mm³

∴ 0.1 gram is equal to 100 cubic millimetres. 

1. Single character functions: This function is used to read or print a character at a time, 

(i) getchar(): 

It reads a character from the keyboard and

tore it in a character variable. 

eg: 

char ch; 

ch=getchar(); 

(ii) putchar(): 

This function is used to print a character on the screen. 

eg: 

char ch; 

ch = getchar(); 

putchar(ch);

2. String functions: This function is used to read or print a string. 

(i) gets(): 

This function is used to read a string from the keyboard and store it in a character variable. 

eg: 

charstr[80]; 

gets(str);

(ii) puts(): 

This function is used to display a string on the screen. 

eg: 

char str[80]; 

gets(str); 

puts(str);

#include<iostream>

#include<cstdio>

using namespace std; 

int main() 

{ 

int i,words=1; 

char str[80];

cout<<“Enter a string\n”; 

gets(str); 

for(i=0;str[i]!=’\0′;i++) 

if(str[i]==32)

words++; 

cout<<“The number of words is “<<words; 

}

cin>>word; 

cout<<word;

It displays “HAPPY” because cin takes characters upto the space. That is space is the delimiter for cin. The string after space is truncated. To resolve this use gets ( ) function. Because gets ( ) function reads character upto the enter key. 

Hence gets (word);

puts (word); 

Displays “HAPPY NEW YEAR”

With the help of type modifiers we can change the sign and range of data with same size. The important modifiers are signed, unsigned, long and short.

Given:

Depth of well is 4.5 meter.

The frog jumps 30 cm but slides down 15 cm.

Formula used:

Total number of terms = (last term – first term)/difference

Calculation:

Let frog takes n jumps to climb the wall.

Actual distance covered by frog = 30 – 15 = 15 cm

After his last jump frog will climb the wall.

So, no sliding back for last 30 cm.

Now, we will subtract 30 cm from 450 cm to get sliding distance

⇒ n – 1 = (450 – 30)/15 

⇒ n – 1 = (420)/15 

⇒ n – 1 = 28

⇒ n = 29

∴ Frog will take 29 jumps to climb the wall.

#include<iostream>

#include<cstdio>

using namespace std; 

int main() 

{ 

char str[100];

int i,

cout<<“Enter a string:”; 

gets(str); 

for(i=0;str[i]!=\0′;i++)

if(str[i]>=65 && str[i]<=90 || str[i]>= 97 && str[i]<=122) 

switch(str[i])

{ 

case ‘a’:

str[i] = str[i]-32; 

break; 

case ‘e’: 

str[i] = str[i]-32; 

break; 

case ‘i’: 

str[i] = str[i]-32;

break; 

case ‘o’:  

str[i] = str[i]-32; 

break; 

case ‘u’: 

str[i] = str[i]-32; 

} 

cout<<str;

}

#include<iostream>

#include<cstdio>

using namespace std; 

int main() 

{ 

char line[100];

int i,digit=0, Ualpha=0, Lalpha=0, special=0, wspace=0; 

cout<<“Enter a string:”;

gets(str); 

for(i=0;str[i]!=’\0′;i++) 

if(str[i]>>=48 && str[i]<=57)

digit++;

else if(str[i]>65 && str[i]<=90)

Ualpha++; 

else if(str[i]>=97 && str[i]<=122) 

Lalpha++; 

else if(str[i]==’ ‘ || str[i]==’\t’) 

wspace++; 

else

special++; 

cout<<“The number of alphabets is “<<Ualpha+Lalpha<<

” the number of Uppercase letters is“<<Ualpha<< ” the number of Lowercase letters is “<<Lalpha<<” the number of digits is “<<digit<<” the special characters is“<<special<<” and the number of white spaces is “<<wspace; 

}

A string is said to be palindrome if it is the same as the string constituted by reversing the characters of the original string. 

eg: “MALAYALAM”, “MADAM”, “ARORA”, “DAD”, etc

#include<iostream> 

using namespace std;

int main() 

{

char str[40]; 

int len,i,j; 

cout<<“Enter a string:”; 

cin>>str;

for(len=0;str[len]!-\0′;len++); 

for(i=0,j=len-1;<ilen/2;i++,j–)

if(str[i]!=str[j]) 

break; 

if(i==len/2) . 

cout<<str<<” is palindrome”;

else

cout<<str<<” is not palindrome”; 

}

strcpy(); function is used to copy a string to another variable.

There is no problem and it is valid since 9 is a character. Any symbol from the key board is treated as a character.

Given:

Depth of the well = 80 m

In each jump, the frog covered 1.15 m but slipped down by 0.75 m

Calculation:

Net distance covered by the frog in one jump = 1.15 – 0.75 = 0.4 m

So, total number of jumps = 80/0.4 = 200

But here, after 198 jumps, the distance covered = 0.4 × 198 = 79.2 meters

After the 199^th jump, the distance covered = 79.2 + 1.15 = 80.35 meters

Also, the length of the well = 80 meters.

∴ After the 199^th jump, the frog would be out of the well

Candidates often make a mistake by taking the number of jumps required as 200. But we had used that calculation only for reference to get an approximate figure of the number of jumps needed. However practically, the frog would be out of the well after the 199^th jump only. 

The statement is True.

To read a string gets() function is used.

1. GOOD MORNING 

2. GOOD 

3. G 

4. GOOD MORN

To print a string puts() function is used.

(b) cin.getline(str,80)

i – c ; 

ii – b ; 

iii – b ; 

iv – d

(a) int len = strlen(str)

i. c) Both statement 1 and statement 2 is cannot be inferred

ii. b) A bully toasted him into the pool for the sake of fun

iii. c) 2, 3, 5

iv. a) Emulate

Mukesh’s grandmother regards it as their destiny. She says that they were born in the caste of bangle-makers and have seen nothing but bangles in their lives. Mukesh’s family had mutely accepted it as their destiny and had stopped taking any initiative to change their fate.

i – c); 

ii - a); 

iii – d); 

iv – c)

The output is “ADELINE”.

A function calls itself is called recursive function. 

#include <iostream>

using namespace std; 

void convert(int n) 

{ 

if(n>1) 

convert(n/2); 

cout<<n % 2; 

} 

int main() 

{ 

convert(7); 

} 

Here the function convert is a recursive function, that means it calls itself and output of the above program is 111.

It can be solved by writing function with default values.

eg: int add (int n1, int n2, int n3 = 0, int n4 = 0) 

{

return (n1 + n2 + n3 + n4); 

}

This function can be invoked by the following function calling 

1. add (5,2);

2. add (5,2,7); 

3. add (5,2,7,10); 

The 1. Call returns 5 + 2 = 7 

2. Call returns 5 + 2 + 7 = 14 

3. Call returns 5 + 2 + 7 + 10 = 24

1. A. Output 

value = 40 

B. output 

value = 0 

2. In the first case (A) the argument x is passed by reference method. So the changes made in the function reflects in main() 

In the second case (B) the argument x is passed by value method. So the changes made in the function will not reflect in main()

Garbage is gold to the ragpickers of Seemapuri because it provides them items which can be sold for cash, which can buy them food and is a means of survival. Moreover, it is gold also because the ragpickers can find stray coins and currency notes in it.

The header file stdlib.h is used for conversion functions.

Following are the important conversion functions 

1. itoa(): 

It is used to convert an integer into a string. 

eg: 

int n = 100; 

charstr[20]; 

itoa(n,str,10);

2. Itoa(): 

It is used to convert an long into a string. 

eg: 

long n = 1002345L 

char str[20]; 

ltoa(n,str,10); 

3. atoi(): 

It is used to convert a string into integer

eg: 

int n; 

str[] = “123” 

n = atoi(str); 

4. atoll(): 

It is used to convert a string into long 

eg:

long n; 

str[] = “123456” 

n = atol(str);

(a) iostream

Mukesh has the courage to dream big in spite of all adversity, whereas the other bangle makers of Firozabad have resigned to their fate, and have suppressed all their hopes and desires. Mukesh refuses to follow the ‘God-given lineage’ of bangle making and wants to be a motor mechanic when he grows up.

Mukesh’s dream is to become a motor-mechanic. It is no doubt difficult for Mukesh to achieve his dream, as he is torn between his desires and his family tradition, which he cannot escape. Besides, he has to face a number of obstacles in the form of sahukars, middlemen, bureaucrats, law makers, politicians etc. However, his will to work hard, and his strong determination could make him achieve his dream.

B. (2) explains a reason for (1)

b) If Statement 1 is the effect, Statement 2 is the cause. 

The glass bangle industry offers a very unhealthy and hazardous environment to the people working in it. They have to work in the glass furnaces with high temperature in dingy cells without air and light. Workers, including child labourers, lose their eyesight at an early age. Slogging for long, relentless hours also has adverse effects on their bodies.

Saheb is not happy working at the tea stall. He is paid a fixed wage of Rs 800, and also receives all his meals free. But the author notices that his face has lost its carefree look, which makes it evident that he is not happy. He has lost his independence, and is no longer his own master.

1. setw() – iomanip.h

2. cout – iostream 

3. toupper() – cstring 

4. exit() – process 

5. strcpy() – cstring

A header file is a prestored file that helps to use some operators and functions. To write C++ pro-grams the header files are must. Following are the header files alloc 

iostream

iomanip 

cstdio 

cctype 

cmath 

cstring 

The syntax for including a header file is as follows

#include<name of the header file>

eg: #include<iostream>

Anees Jung blames the middlemen, the policemen, the lawmakers, the bureaucrats and the politicians for the sorry plight of the bangle makers. These people conspire against and exploit the poor bangle makers. They pay them meagre wages, do not let them form co-operatives, and compel their children to join the same trade at an early age.

The bangle makers in Firozabad are exploited at the hands of the Sahukars, middlemen, policemen, law makers, bureaucrats and politicians. They toil day and night, but are not paid appropriate wages and are steeped in poverty. They cannot form cooperatives for their betterment. Moreover, their children are also compelled to join the same trade at an early age and cannot dare to take up any other profession.

cstring is used for header file

a) ‘They’ refers to the tigers that Aunt Jennifer has knit on the panel. 

They are prancing in the forest (across a screen).

b) The tigers are not afraid of men because they are gallant and fearless creatures who are not afraid of anyone.

c) The meaning of ‘sleek’ is ‘elegant’.

d) The name of the poet is Adrienne Rich.

Although Aunt Jennifer tried her best to conquer her fear, she continued to be traumatised and oppressed by her husband. Her act of embroidaring fearless, prancing tigers could only give her a temporary release to her pent up feelings of liberation.