Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

The Correct Answer is Ousteri Lake.

• Lake Ousteri is in the Union Territory of Puducherry, Tamil Nadu District.
• This lake is also known as Lake Ossudu, as it is situated in the village of Ossudu. 
• The lake occupies approximately 800 hectares, with 390 hectares in Puducherry and the rest in Tamil Nadu.
• This is Puducherry's largest lake.
• Ousteri Lake is a man-made lake that is considered to be one of the largest wetlands in Asia.
• This lake is home to numerous species of migratory birds throughout the year.

Kaylana Lake:-

• Kaylana Lake is located 8 km west of Jodhpur, Rajasthan.
• It is an artificial lake which was built in 1872 by Pratap Singh.
• The lake stretches over an area of 84 square km.
• This area had palaces and gardens built by two Jodhpur rulers in ancient times - Bhim Singh and Takhat Singh

Ansupa Lake:-

• In Banki, Ansupa Lake is 40 km from the town of Cuttack, which also serves as a shelter for migratory birds during the winter season.
• Situated in the middle of the Saranda Hills, it is a freshwater lake surrounded by the greenery of bamboo trees and mango trees.

Chilika Lake:-

• Chilika Lake is a lagoon of brackish water, spread over the Odisha districts of Puri, Khurda, and Ganjam on the eastern coast of India, at the mouth of the Daya River, flowing into the Bay of Bengal, covering an area of more than 1,100 km.
• It is the largest coastal lagoon in India and after the New Caledonian barrier reef, the second largest brackish water lagoon in the world.
•  It has been listed as a tentative UNESCO World Heritage site.

  http://www.pondytourism.in/iconics-innerpage.php?id=10&district=Puducherry&category=192

Explanation:

• Pollutants are emitted into the air by motor vehicles like cars, trucks, bikes, etc., mainly through the exhaust fumes that escape the tailpipe while the engine is running.
• The motor vehicles release exhaust gas - When natural gas, petrol, diesel fuel, fuel oil, biodiesel blends, or coal are burned, exhaust gas is generated. It is released into the atmosphere through an exhaust pipe or tailpipe along with a number of pollutants hence, polluting the air and causing a number of health risks. 
• The pollutant from the exhaust of automobiles include - 

• PHOSPHORUS TRIOXIDE - It is not present in the exhaust fumes, hence not adding as a pollutant. Thus, phosphorus trioxide is correct. 

GROUND LEVEL OZONE - 

• Ground-level ozone is formed when hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides react with sunlight and warm temperatures.
• This dorms Smog's main component - the ground-level ozone.
• It can cause upper respiratory problems and lung damage.
• Tropospheric ozone, also known as ground-level ozone, is produced by chemical reactions between nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC). When contaminants from automobiles, power plants, industrial boilers, refineries, chemical plants, and other sources react chemically in the presence of sunlight, this occurs.

Correct option (D) I¹³¹

Ireland was a country deeply divided between Catholics and Protestants. The English helped the Protestants of Ireland to impose their dominance over a largely Catholics country. Catholics revolts against British dominance were suppressed. After a failed revolt led by Wolfe Tone and his United Irishmen in 1798, Ireland was forcibly incorporated into the United Kingdom in 1801.

(a) Prime Minister Pitt

Haridwar the Hindu maha sabha established in 1915.

(c) The Home Government of the Company

The correct answer is 2 only.

• There are several ways of removing particulate matter; the most widely used of which is the electrostatic precipitator, which can remove over 99 per cent particulate matter present in the exhaust from a thermal power plant. Hence, Statement 1 is incorrect.
  • It has electrode wires that are maintained at several thousand volts, which produce a corona that releases electrons. Hence statement 2 is correct.
  • These electrons attach to dust particles giving them a net negative charge.
  • The collecting plates are grounded and attract the charged dust particles.
  • The velocity of air between the plates must be low enough to allow the dust to fall. 
• A scrubber can remove gases like sulfur dioxide.
  • In a scrubber, the exhaust is passed through a spray of water or lime.
  • Recently we have realized the dangers of particulate matter that are very very small and are not removed by these precipitators.

The correct answer is 1 and 3 only.

• The correct match is as follows-
  • Parivrajaka - Renunciant and Wanderers
  • Shramana - refer to the ascetics and renouncers of ancient India. The shamans included a variety of ascetics, as well as the monks and lay followers of various sects - Buddhist, Jaina, Ajivika, and others,
  • Upasaka - Lay follower of Buddhism

The list of some of the important priests of the Vedic period is as follows- 

• The initial verse of the Ṛigveda identifies Agni, the god of fire, as divine priest and hotṛ, or invoking priest.
• Adhvaryu - was the administrative priest.
• Rtvij - was the sacrificial priest and it covered all different type of priests employed at the sacrifice.
• hotri, potr, nestr, Agnidh, prasastṛ, adhvaryu and brahman- seven priests present in Rtvij.
• The potṛ, neṣṭṛ, and brahman belonged to the ritual of the soma sacrifice

1857 universities established in Calcutta, Madras and Bombay.

Warren Hastings established a madrasa in Calcutta in 1781.

correct answer is  - North - Eastern region.

Concept:

Shifting Cultivation:

• Shifting cultivation is a form of agricultural practice in which farmers clear an area of land by slashing vegetation and burning forests for agricultural purposes.
• This practice is also known as slash-and-burn agriculture or slash-and-burn cultivation.
• Shifting cultivation is called by different names in different parts of India.

Salient features of shifting agriculture -

• Forest land is cleaned and ashes are added to the soil.
• it is also called Jhum agriculture.
• It is also known as fire-fallow cultivation.
• Cultivated spots/areas are usually small.
• Short periods of crop occupation alternate with long fallow periods.
• Field rotation is practised instead of crop rotation.

Explanation:

Shifting Cultivation is a type of subsistence farming in which farmer cultivates on a plot of land temporarily, and when he finds the land infertile to grow due to soil exhaustion, they move on to another plot.

It is largely practised in the north-eastern region of India, including Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, etc. This way of farming is also known as "Jhum Kheti".

Explanation:

About tickets:

• Travelling tickets are used by people to go from one place to another.
• A travel ticket is obtained after booking a reservation.
• It gives various information about our travel, i.e. date, seat number, time of arrival etc.
• The cost of different travelling tickets is different.
• The cost of travelling ticket depends on the type of transport used, i.e. busses, trains, planes etc.
• The cost of a travelling ticket also depends on the distance on travel, i.e. regional, national or international.
• When using public transport we always have to buy tickets.

Thus,

A. The cost of travel by different means is different: Correct

B. The cost of travel depends upon the fuel used by the vehicle: Incorrect

C. We need tickets to travel by public transport from one place to another: Correct

D. Understanding the reservation process: Incorrect

The correct answer is Ethnography.

• Anthropology is the study of humanity, including prehistoric origins and contemporary human diversity.
  • Compared with other disciplines that study humanity (such as history, psychology, economics, political science, and sociology), anthropology is broader in scope.
  • Anthropology covers a much greater span of time than these disciplines, and it encompasses a broader range of topics.

• Cultural relativism refers to not judging a culture to our own standards of what is right or wrong, strange or normal. Instead, we should try to understand the cultural practices of other groups in their own cultural context.
• Ethnobotany is the study of interrelations between humans and plants; however, the current use of the term implies the study of indigenous or traditional knowledge of plants.
  • It involves the indigenous knowledge of plant classification, cultivation, and use as food, medicine and shelter.

1773 a supreme court established for the first time at Calcutta.

(c) Comptroller and Auditor General of India

The correct answer is Jai Ram Thakur.

• Jai Ram Thakur has been sworn in as the 14th Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh along with 11 other ministers at a ceremony in Shimla.

• Name of State	Himachal Pradesh
  Chief Minister of State	Jai Ram Thakur
  Governor of State	Bandaru Dattatreya
  Number of seats in Lok Sabha	4
  Number of Seats in Rajya Sabha	3
  Number of seats in Legislative Assembly	68
  Capital of State	Shimla
  Area	55,673 sq km
  Population	68.65 lakh (census 2011)
  Additional Information	Himachal derives its name from the Himalayas literally means “land of snowy mountains”.

The correct answer is Harish Rawat.

• Harish Rawat’s second tenure as the Chief Minister of Uttarakhand lasted only for a day, the shortest in India’s history.
• Om Prakash Chautala served as Haryana's Chief Minister for six days from July 12 to July 17 in 1990. 
• In November 2019, Devendra Fadnavis held office only for 3 days after he made a comeback for a 2nd term as the CM of Maharashtra. After that, he had to resign due to political reasons. 
• In May 2018, B.S. Yeddyurappa held office only for 3 days as the Chief Minister of Karnataka. He was sworn in as the chief minister of Karnataka on 17 May. He resigned before facing a Supreme Court-mandated floor test on 19 May. 

• Other Chief Ministers who served for a short tenure:
  • Nitish Kumar: During the year 2000, Janata Dal (United) leader Nitish Kumar served as the Chief Minister of Bihar for 8 days, from March 3 to March 10.
  • Jagdambika Pal: He was the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh in 1998 for three days from 21-23 February. 
  • Nabam Tuki: The Congress leader took oath as the Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh on 13 July 2016, served for four days, and resigned on 17 July, following infighting within the party. 
  • Satish Prasad Singh: The Congress leader held the post of Chief Minister of Bihar for 5 days from 28 January 1968 to February 1.

The correct answer is 3^rd October 1730.

• On 3^rd October 1730 Holkar was announced Supreme Commander of the Malwa region.
  • After the collision of the Mughal dynasty, Holkar attacked Malwa until they got the hegemony of the Malwa region.
  • On 29^th July 1732, Peshwa Bajirav announced the division of Malwa districts in between Holkars and Three Pawar Commanders.
  • These divided areas were Indore, Depalpur, Betma, and other 28 administrative units of the Malwa region.

• On 16^th September 1729 document related to Holkar’s and Pawar was announced.
• On 2^nd November 1731 administration of Malwa was handed over to Holkar and Sindhiya.
• On 14^th January 1761 Maratha force was defeated by Abdali at Panipat.

 Lord Wellesley founded the Fort William College at Calcutta

Dual Citizenship is an important feature in Unitary form of Government?

(d) Advocate General

The correct answer is i, ii, iii, iv.

Bhajan Lal 

• Bhajan Lal Bishnoi (6 October 1930 – 3 June 2011) was a politician and three-time chief minister from the Indian state of Haryana.
• He first became the Chief Minister in 1979, again in 1982, and again in 1991.
• He also served as the Union Agricultural Minister.
• He served for 15 years as chief minister.

Bansi Lal

• Bansi Lal Legha (26 August 1927 – 28 March 2006) was an Indian independence activist, senior Congress leader, former Chief Minister of Haryana, former Defense Minister of India, and considered by many to be the architect of modern Haryana.
• Bansi Lal was part of the famous Lal trio of Haryana which also included 'Tau' Devi Lal and Bhajan Lal, that form the major Political families of Haryana.
• He served three separate terms as Chief Minister of Haryana: 1968–75, 1985–87, and 1996–99.
• He served for 12 years as chief minister.

Bhupinder Singh Hooda

• Bhupinder Singh Hooda (born 15 September 1947) is an Indian National Congress politician who is the current Leader of the Opposition in Haryana Legislative Assembly.
• He also served as the Chief Minister of Haryana from 2005 to 2014.
• He served for 9 years as chief minister.

Devi Lal

• Chaudhary Devi Lal (born Devi Dayal; 25 September 1915 – 6 April 2001) was an Indian politician who served as 6th Deputy Prime Minister of India from 1989 to 1991 in the governments of V. P. Singh and Chandra Shekhar.
• Also popularly known as Tau (uncle), Lal emerged as farmer leader from the state of Haryana, and served as the Chief Minister of Haryana first in 1977-79 and then in 1987-89.
• He served for 4 years as chief minister.

(b) Speaker of the Lok Sabha

(c) Presidential government

The correct answer is George Hamilton.

• The office of Secretary of State for India was created by the Government of India act 1858.
• The Secretary of State for India had full authority and control over the Indian administration.
• The Government of India act, 1858 also created a 15 member council of India to assist the Secretary of State.
• The office of the Secretary of State for India was abolished on 14^th August 1947.

• George Hamilton was the longest-serving Secretary of State for India.
  • He served as the Secretary of State for India from 1895 to 1903.
  • He also served as the First Lord of the Admiralty.

• Edward Henry Stanley served as the first Secretary of State for India.

President of India has been empowered by the Constitution of India to seek the opinion of the Supreme Court on questions of law or fact of public importance.

The correct answer is Mumbai - Thane. 

India’s first rail run on Mumbai – Thane route in 1853.

• It was the first passenger train to run in India.
• It had three locomotives – Sahib, Sultan, and Sindh, and 14 carriages.
• A distance of 34 km was covered by the train.
• Based on the success of this rail, the launch of Eastern railway in 1854 and South railway in 1856.

• Lord Dalhousie is considered as the “Father of Indian Railway”.
• 1^st electric train in India – Feb 03, 1925, between Borivali (Mumbai) and Kurla Harbour (Mumbai) on ex-GIP (Great Indian Peninsular) railway system
• 1^st locomotive to start work in India – THOMSON (December 22, 1851)

• 1^st goods train in India – Between Roorkee and Kaliyar Sharif (Uttarakhand) in 1852; this train remained operational for 9 months after its engine caught fire and the line was shut.
• 1^st locomotive’s name was renamed from THOMSON to JENNY LIND. 

The correct answer is  a. b. c and d.

• All of the above-given statements are included in the transfer of wealth to Britain during colonial time.
• In the first few decades of the twentieth century, 8000 British officers earned £13,930,554, while 130,000 Indians in government service were collectively paid a total of £3,284,163.
• The amount of Indian government debt on the London markets rose from £1.49m in 1800 to £272m in 1938.

• India had 25 percent of world industrial output in 1750, and this dwindled to two percent in 1900.
• Dadabhai Naroji gave Drain of Wealth theory which described how Britishers transfer wealth from India in a strategic manner. 

(a) Indian Councils Act, 1909

(c) either in the Supreme Court or in the High Court

The correct option: (b) 2 only

The National Human Rights Commission stands for the protection of Human Rights. It has the power to prevent Human Rights violations and if there are violations to give ways to solve the problem and take legal action against the violators.

The correct option: (d) 1, 2 and 3

10 December observed as a human  right day.

(a) There was no mention of duties of citizens in the basic constitution.
These were included in the Indian constitution by the 42nd constitutional amendment in 1976.

(b) The following are the fundamental duties of Indian citizens :

• To abide by the constitution and respect its ideals, National Flag and National Anthem.
• To Cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom.
• To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
• To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
• To develop the feelings of interalion among citizens for religion, language and territory.
• To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite nature. –
• To protect the nation’s environment and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures.
• To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
• To safeguard public property and abjure violence.

The 4^th section of the Indian Constitution deals with the DPSP. These were borrowed from the Irish Constitution. They do not have legal backing. The DP’s can be divided into 3 – Gandhian Ideas, Socialist Principles, and Liberal principles. 

Gandhian Ideas: 

• formation of grama panchayats 
• Development of rural industries 
• Prohibition (of alcohol) 
• Modem methods of agriculture and animal husbandry
• Protecting the interests of the Backward classes especially Scheduled Castes and Tribes 

Socialist Principles: 

• A just social order 
• Right to livelihood 
• Equal pay for equal work 
• Avoid inequality 
• Fair distribution of wealth 
• Freedom from exploitation 
• Fair and humane conditions at workplaces 
• Prevention of the accumulation of wealth in a few private hands.

Liberal Principles: 

• Formation of a Common Civil Code for the nation. Compulsory free education to all children below 14.
• Protect the national monuments of historical importance. 
• Separate the Executive from the Judiciary. 
• Help in the growth of international peace and security.

Right to Property is not a fundamental right.

In the 4^th Chapter, Article 51-A, we have the Fundamental Duties of Indian citizens. These were borrowed from the Russian Constitution. Fundamental Duties of Indian citizens:- 

• Obey the Constitution and respect its principles and institutions, the national flag and the national anthem. 
• Respect and obey the great principles that energized our independence struggle. 
• Protect and maintain the sovereignty, unity and indivisibility of India. 
• Defend the nation. When needed, give national service. 
• Over and above the differences of religion, language, and region, grow a sense of unity and fraternity among people. Don’t do things that will injure the dignity of women.
• Protect our diverse culture and rich heredity. Protect and improve our environment – its forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife. Be sympathetic to all creatures. 
• Develop a sense of science and humanity and a zeal for research and renewal. 
• Protect public property and avoid violence. 
• Work hard to prove yourself in personal and social spheres. Thus make the nation reach greater heights. 
• It is the duty of the father or the guardian to ensure

Correct option is C) speak

Correct option is A) Do you want

In 1927, the British Government appointed the Simon Commission to make a report for the Constitutional reforms to be implemented in India. All the members of this Commission were British. Therefore all the parties, including Congress, boycotted the Commission. When the protest against the Commission became very strong, the British challenged Indian leaders to make a Constitution that will be acceptable to all. The leaders accepted this challenge and appointed a sub-committee to draft the Constitution. Motilal Nehru was its chairman. In 1928, the Nehru Committee submitted its report. This is called the Nehru Report.

There are mainly three things in them: 

1. Suggestions regarding the goals of the nation. 

2. Suggestions for the formulation of the national policies. 

3. Rights that are not defendable in Courts.

Fundamental Rights

• Freedom to make organizations 
• No forced labor 
• Remedy by Courts

Directive Principles: 

• Equal pay for equal work 
• Free legal help 
• Compulsory education for children

 Fundamental Duties 

• Respect for the national flag and the national anthem 
• Protecting public property 
• Common feeling of fraternity

Correct answer is c) 25 to 28