Answer» Correct Answer - Option 3 : Phosphorus trioxide
Explanation: - Pollutants are emitted into the air by motor vehicles like cars, trucks, bikes, etc., mainly through the exhaust fumes that escape the tailpipe while the engine is running.
- The motor vehicles release exhaust gas - When natural gas, petrol, diesel fuel, fuel oil, biodiesel blends, or coal are burned, exhaust gas is generated. It is released into the atmosphere through an exhaust pipe or tailpipe along with a number of pollutants hence, polluting the air and causing a number of health risks.
- The pollutant from the exhaust of automobiles include -
| HYDROCARBONS | - Hydrocarbons are pollutants that are created when fuel is burned or partially burned.
- Smog is a significant contributor to hydrocarbons, which causes dangerous levels of air quality index, hampering the health of various life forms.
- Asthma, liver disease, lung disease, and cancer are all related to long-term exposure to hydrocarbons.
| | CARBON MONOXIDE | - Carbon monoxide released by running vehicles is fatal for humans.
- Inhaled carbon monoxide, a byproduct of incomplete combustion, limits the blood's capacity to hold oxygen as it has more affinity to bond with the hemoglobin.
- It leaves no space for oxygen to bind with hemoglobin, thus, prevents the various organs from getting oxygen proving to be fatal.
| | NITROGEN OXIDE | - During the working of the engine at its maximum potential, an increased amount of various nitrogen oxides is released in the air by the automobile.
| | PARTICULATE MATTER | - Particles with a diameter of less than a micrometer are released.
- Particulate matter has a number of harmful health consequences, including respiratory illness and cancer, to name a few.
| | VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS | - Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and formaldehyde are examples of organic compounds with a boiling point less than or equal to 250 degrees Celsius, hence called volatile.
- Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a subset of hydrocarbons that are discussed separately due to their public health risks and they are released by automobiles during their engines rapidly working.
| | SULFUR DIOXIDE | - Sulfur oxides are emitted by motor vehicles burning sulfur-containing fuel contributing to the exhaust air.
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- PHOSPHORUS TRIOXIDE - It is not present in the exhaust fumes, hence not adding as a pollutant. Thus, phosphorus trioxide is correct.
GROUND LEVEL OZONE - - Ground-level ozone is formed when hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides react with sunlight and warm temperatures.
- This dorms Smog's main component - the ground-level ozone.
- It can cause upper respiratory problems and lung damage.
- Tropospheric ozone, also known as ground-level ozone, is produced by chemical reactions between nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC). When contaminants from automobiles, power plants, industrial boilers, refineries, chemical plants, and other sources react chemically in the presence of sunlight, this occurs.
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