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Gauri Shankar Ojha’s view that Rajputs were the descendants of the ancient Kshatriyas, is the most acceptable and popular.

Many Chittor rulers as Ratan Singh, Gora Badal and thousands of Rajput warriors became martyrs while fighting against Alauddin Khilji forces. It is known as the first Saka of Chittor.

Two achievements of the Bairat Civilization: 

1. Beejak Dungari, Bheem Dungari, Moti Dungari etc. are famous as the archaeological hills of this Civilization. 

2. Captain Burt had discovered Ashoka’s Bhabru archives from the Beejak Dungari.

1. The Chauhan rulers of Ranthambor: 

The Chauhan dynasty was founded by Govind Raj . The most renowned Chauhan ruler was Hammir. Jalaluddin Khilji of Delhi made an unsuccessful attack on Ranthambore during the reign of Hammir. In 1301, Alauddin Khilji invadèd Ranthambore. Hammir faced bravely the enemy forces but he became a martyr. With Hammir came an end to the Chauhan dynasty rule in Ranthambore. 

2. The Chauhan rulers of Jalore: 

The founder of the Jalore Chauhans was Kirtipal and the famous ruler was Kaanharadey Chauhan. In 1308 Alauddin Khilji invaded Sivana, before capturing Jalore. At that time one of the Chauhan sardars, Saataldev was Rakshak (guard) of the fort. He lost the fort to Alauddin. After this victory, in 1913 Jalore saw its decline and Kaanharade became a martyr.

Diverse views regarding the origin of the Rajputs: 

1. As given in the Chand Bardai’s Prithviraj Raso, four dynasties of the Rajputs, i.e. Parmar, Chalukya, Pratihar and Chauhan emerged from the flames of Rishi Vashisht’s sacrificial fire, to destroy the demons or devils. 

2. According to Gauri Shankar Hirachand Ojha they were the descendants of the Surya (solar) and Chandra (lunar) dynasties. Thus, he traced their origin to the ancient Kshatriyas.

 3. As per the great historian of Rajputana, Col James Tod, the Rajputs were the Shakas and the Seethians. 

4. Dr. D.R. Bhandarkar has compared them with white Himes who were from the foreign dynasty. As the Rajputs were Guijars, they too were the descendants of the foreign race. 

Besides, Bhandarkar has, somewhere, recorded that some of the Rajput dynasties emerged from the Brahmans. 

However it is Dr. Ojha’s view which is the most acceptable and populous.

1. Ajmer has Saint Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti’s Dargah. 

2. Nagaur has Sufi Saint Hamiduddin Nagaur’s Dargah.

Four main buildings of Amber: 

1. Amber fort 

2. Jagat Shiromani temple 

3. Diwan-e-Aam and Dewan-e-Khas 

4. Shila Devi Temple

Maharaja Raj Singh of Mewar got built the Rajsamand lake in order to reach help of the people of Mewar in times of crisis and to promote the artistic trends.

Maharana Kumbha’s achievements: 

1. In 1437 Rana Kumbha had defeated Mahmud Khilji, the sultan of Malwa (Mandu) in the battle of Sarangpur. In honour of this victory he got built the Kirti Stambh (Vijay Stambh) in Chittorgarh. 

2. Kumbha had got built 32 forts for the defence of Mewar. Famous among these forts were Basanti fort, Machan fort, Achalgarh fort and Kumbhalgarh fort. The highest part of Kumbhalgarh fort is known as Katargarh. 

3. Kumbha was a great lover of architecting temples. The main temples of the Kumbha period are Kumbhswami and Shringar Chauri temples (Chittor), Meera temple (Eklingji) and Ranakpur temple. 

4. Kumbha was, at the same time, a great scholar and a learned man. He was highly adept in the Vedas, Smriti, Mimansa, Upanishadas, Grammar and literature. His famous music creations were Sangeetraj, Sangeet Mimansa and Sudprabandh. 

5. Kumbha’s court was decked with the great scholars. His courtiers included Mandan (a known sculptor), Atri and Mahesh (poets) etc.

The Kalibanga Civilization: 

1. This civilization was settled on the Sarswati-Drishadvati rivers in the present Hanumangarh district. 

2. There were two mounds — The eastern mound and the western mound. Both the mounds were fortified for the security reason. 

3. Pre-Harappan period, Harappan period and post Harappan period remains have been found here. 

4. The pre-Harappan period ploughed farms have been located here. 

5. In the absence of stones the walls were built of mud-bricks and their joints were filled with ash. 

6. There was a sanitary system in the form of private and public drains and clay wares to collect waste. 

7. As a proof to their religious beliefs, Aganivedas’ have been found. 

8. The present Ghaghar river flowing there was known as Sarswati in the ancient period. 

9. Sun baked bricks were used for construction. 

10.Script engraved on the clay wares and seals have a resemblance to the Saindhav script.

11.The agricultural implements of copper have been found as a proof of their economic development. 

12.Drains for the outlet of water were made of wood and bricks.

Every year in the month of Kartik a big fair is organised at Pushkar in Rajasthan.

The present Jaipur was founded by Sawai Jai Singh II.

Observatory, Jantar-Mantar was founded by Sawai Jai Singh II.

Two characteristics of the Ahad or the Ahar civilization are: 

1. The houses were planned to be provided with open space, verandah or gallery, 

2. The art of making clay pots /wares was very popular.

Two creations of Kumbha are: 

1. Sangeet Mimansa 

2. Sangeet Raj.

Four folk gods of Rajasthan:

 1. Gogaji 

2. Pabuji 

3. Tejaji 

4. Malli Nalhji

(b) Hamiduddin Nagaur

The Haldighati War was fought on 18th June, 1576 between Maharana Pratap of Mewar and Mansingh, Akbar’s representative. It was an indecisive war.

The Dilwara (Abu) Jain temples are known for their fine enamelling, engraving and stone mosaic work in the whole world. They are built of white marble.

George Thomas was the first to name the present Rajasthan as ‘Rajputana’ in 1800. The known historian, Col James Tod named it Raythan or Rajasthan in his book ‘Annals and Antiquities’ in 1829.

(b) Ghosundi Archives

(c) Durgadas

(d) Sawai Jai Singh

Jaipur is known as the Paris of India or the Pink city.

(a) March, 1527

(b)  Bharmal 

(b)  Udaipur

(c)  Bharatpur

Jodhpur was founded by Rao Jodha in 1459.

(c)  Guhilots

(b) Jain Temples Parsi

32 forts were built in Mewar by Kunbha.

The Khanwa war was fought in March 1527 between Rana Sanga and Babur.

Kumbha, the ruler of Mewar was addressed as the Abhinava Bharatacharya.

(a) Alwar, Karauli, Jaipur, Bharatpur

(b) Rana Kumbha

(a) Kalibanga

(c) Haldighati

(c) Prithviraj Chauhan’s victory

(d) James Tod

(a)  Mandore

Types of Roads in Rajasthan: 

1. National Highways 

2. State Highways 

3. Main District Roads 

4. Other District Roads 

5. Rural Roads

Length of the Tarcoal roads in 2010-2011 was:

The Mauryans’ impact and hold over Rajasthan is justified by the following reference: 

1. Ashoka’s Bairath rock inscription and the temple built by his heir Kunan’s son, Samprati. 

2. Chittor fort and Chitrang ponds were constructed by the Mauryan king, Chitrang as described in Kumarpal Prabandh and other Jain scriptures. 

3. Four names, i.e. Maheshwar, Bheem, Bhoj and Maan have been found inscribed on the Mansarovar pond at a little distance from Chittor, by Col. Tod. 

4. A rock inscription found in the Shivalaya of Kansava near Kota, bears Maurya dynasty king Dhawal’s name.

The two main memorials of Ajmer: 

1. Dai, Din-Ka Jhonpara built by Kutubuddin-Aibak. 

2. Moinuddin Chisti-Ki-Durgah, the Sufi Saint.

Main large scale industries of Rajasthan are Cement factory, Sugar mill, Cotton textile industry, Salt industry, Glass industry etc.

(c) June, 2009

NREGA was named MNREGA on 2nd Oct., 2009.

Total length of the Indira Gandhi Canal Project is 649 km.

The Indian economy was affected by the global recession in 2008.

(d) All of the above.