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Smartphone/mobile addiction, sometimes colloquially known as “nomophobia” which means fear of being without a mobile phone, is often fueled by an Internet overuse problem or Internet addiction disorder.

Impact of internet and mobile addiction on human life:

• Virtual relationships
• Cybersex addiction 
• Anxiety 
• Lack of confidence 
• Self-centeredness 
• Information overload 
• Online compulsions 
• Depression 
• Lack of communication 
• Stress

• Introduction to dramatics 
• Elaborating library facility 
• Sports 
• Nature surfing 
• Encouragement to performing Art- Dance, Music

Students can perform a street play to create awareness about problems of internet addiction keeping in mind the following points to pass on as a message.

Everyone these days are hooked to their mobile phones. While we may overlook this as a common behaviours in the current times, the truth is that it has deep behavioural and social impacts. It impacts our health, relationships as well as work. People suffering from mobile addiction suffer from nomophobia which is the fear of being without or unable to use your mobile phone for some reason or the other.

On the vernal (spring) equinox and autumnal equinox, day and night time are of the same duration.

This statement is True.

• It is a fact that sale of mobile phones are even increasing. 
• The market is flooded with all kinds of advance mobile phones. 
• Advertisements have trapping/encouraging the masses to purchase more sophisticated models, with large memories, battery life, camera and many more. 
• Above all proves that now mobile phones is not just a communication gadget but status quo.

• Substance Addiction: refers to a physical and biological dependence on chemical substances which leads to unpleasant symptoms when the person stops using the substance. 
• Most common addictions involve the use of alcohol, tobacco, other legal and illegal drugs and other mood-altering substances. The use of these may be physically, biologically and psychologically harmful to the user and others. It can also lead to anti-social behaviour and depression. 
• The epidemic of substance abuse in the younger generations has assumed alarming dimensions in India. Causes for this are changing values, increasing economic stress and dwindling supportive bonds. 
• Example: Abuse of substances such as alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, tobacco, gutka, etc. can cause serious problems with family, friends, the workplace and the law.

This statement is True.

• Problems are of two types individual problem and social problem.
• Individual problem are interconnected with social problem. 
• Individuals don’t live in isolation but are part of a larger group, e.g., an individual may have a personal of loneliness. This could be rooted in the fact that the people around her/him have’ isolated her/him due to some reason. 
• On the other hand, this same individual may feel lonely because of one’s own peculiar personality traits which the larger group disapproves of. e.g., having excess pride due to one’s self image. 
• Hence problems are a two way process.

• Dowry is any property or valuable security given directly or indirectly to a man by his bride or brides family at the time of her marriage is the exploitation of the women by her in laws. Not only the women (bride) but also her family is held to ransom by demanding dowry. 
• The ill-treatment makes the life of the women so miserable that she may take recourse to suicide. 
• No consideration is paid to the economic conditions of the bride’s parents who may become bankrupt under the burden of the Dowry Prohibition Act-1961 abolishes practice of dowry.
• Examples: Evil system deeply rooted in people give or take dowry for improving their social prestige.

This statement is False.

• Lack of employment opportunities may drive people to engage in anti-social activities. 
• Several children every year drop out from school system and find themselves engaged in anti-social activities. They do this to make quick and easy money. 
• An adult population which is unemployed are unable to add value to the economy but become dependent on others for satisfaction of their needs. They become a burden on the working population. 
• Youth and young adults make up the future of our society. Unemployment among them can have a negative effect on national development.

Social problem is when a society traditional or modern, faces some problems. When people feel the need for collective action to solve the problem, that problem is refer as social problem. 

Now we will discuss about unemployment a social problem and factors affecting to it:

• Lack of skills or inadequate skills: Due to technology advancement in industry the workers are lacking with required skills. So, such people face unemployment. 
• Switching of jobs: When individual switch the job that time, there is a period of no employment between one job and the next e.g., a farmer who is able to work during the monsoons, may remain unemployed after the harvest season.
• Changing economy: The world economy has its up and downs e.g., real estate sector. Due to global economy industry face lull period and boom period and during lull period there are chances of workers to losing their jobs. 
• Seasonal shift: Like the season cycle, in certain sectors employment are facing seasonal period. This is seen in agriculture, banking sectors and shipping industry. 
• Gap in demand and supply: India is facing unemployment crisis means number of job vacancies are very less as compare to number of applicants.

Domestic violence happen across all classes, age, categories, sexes and gender. Domestic violence means abuse within the family. Violence means abuse within the family. Violence implies psychological, emotional, verbal and physical torture

Domestic violence occur because of various reasons such as

• Patriarchy which demands unwritten acceptance of male authority. 
• Insecurity of one partner, can lead to feelings of suspicion causing domestic violence. 
• Dysfunctional relationships : strains a relationship . 
• Traditional and religious outlook.

Following are some of the measures to prevent domestic violence:

• Creating awareness: It is necessary to create awareness that domestic violence is not acceptable in 21st century society. 
• Personal empowerment: Especially weaker section like women, child, transgender who are most vulnerable for abuse. It is necessary for them to empower themselves through Self-Help Groups (SHGs), NGOs, age-mates, social workers and so on.
• Role of media: Various types of media can help for creating awareness and can help to dispel ignorance about domestic violence. 
• Role of NGOs: Non-governmental organisations play a vital role for dealing with domestic violence cases. NGOs are backed up with police department, legal professionals all together they can help victims to get justice. 
• Role of law: Only laws cannot make changes in the society but legal and constitutional provisions make remarkable changes for empowering individuals. 
• Role of police: It is very important that police staff become sensitive and serious about the cases of domestic violence. Today there are women police staff specially assigned to handle issues regarding violence towards women.

This statement is True.

• There are many individuals who receive formal training and who continue to remain unemployed. Perhaps their training has failed to equip them adequately for the world of work. 
• It is true that many educational are out of touch with the needs of the outside world. Much of what is learnt is knowledge-centric. While the role of knowledge is invaluable, there is a desperate need to also cultivate skills, especially those which can promote self-employment, and develop entrepreneurial potential of the learners. 
• The government spends crores of rupees on education and yet the educated output is largely skilldeficient or unemployable.

This statement is True.

• If educational programmes are relevant to community needs, local needs, industrial needs, they will help to develop useful human resources for needs in a changing world. 
• There is a need to cultivate skills through education especially those which are employment worthy or those which can promote self-employment, and develop entrepreneurial potential of the learners.
• Vocationalisation will provide options for learner to branch into vocational programmes of study and industry. 
• Education symbiosis is encouraged in several institutions in areas of science, engineering, pharmacy, medicine, technology, media studies, fashion designing and management it provides employment opportunities.

• Today’s youth have access to a vast array of knowledge i.e., internet. 
• Many youngsters get exposed to different forms of addiction on the internet. 
• Due to a lack of reliable information they become vulnerable to various forms of addiction i.e., drugs. 
• Mostly youngsters aren’t introduced to these addictions through their families, but rather through they’re peers with whom they are closer due to the internet.
• It is mostly these peers who provoke them towards addiction. 
• Peer pressure and social acceptance are the main driving forces behind addiction in the youth of today.

This statement is True.

• Health concerns – Health includes physical, mental and emotional wellness. As one ages, there is a tendency for various parts of the physical body to begin deteriorating Problems can relate to any physiological/biological problem, such as dental, bones, stomach, heart, hearing, vision etc.
• In addition to physical problems, there are mental health issues revolving around feelings of alienation, conflict, dissatisfaction, disappointment, anxiety, loneliness. 
• Psychological problems – Loss of a spouse or loved one can cause loneliness. Inability to do things which one was capable of previously can add to the sense of loneliness. Which is a psychological problem, ageing may also lead to Anxiety and depression accompanied by a sense of guilt; a tendency to feel that one is a burden to one’s family, friends and relatives. 
• Social concerns – The aged are forced to do all kinds of work and also subjected to cruelty, abuse, mockery, harassment – from within the family as well as from outside. Elderly/Aged persons may become victims of exploitation especially when they become increasingly dependent on others for all kinds of services. 
• Thus, the problems of the ageing leads to social, physical and mental health issues.

As per the latest study of Vidharbha regions many farmers suicide focuses majorly on:

• Crop failure, due to this, many farmers in Vidharbha region are switching to use BT cotton seeds. 
• BT cotton seeds provide higher yield but are expensive and require good irrigational facilities, which are not available in 
• Lahanu Khabale’s land and on top of that irregular monsoons leads to crop failure. 
• Besides this, BT seeds obtained from BT crops cannot be used for the next sowing. 
• Due to that Lahanu Khabale was deeply rooted in debt. 
• He was also in further debt to private money lenders because he had borrowed money for his daughters dowry. 
• Above mentioned economic burdens and social stigma provoked Lahanu Khabale’s grandfather to commit suicide.

This statement is False.

• Ageing is an inevitable and irreversible biological process of life.lt is regular changes that occur in mature genetically representative organisms living under representative environmental conditions as they advance in chronological age. 
• Ageing is universal, it occurs in all members of the population, unlike disease. It is progressive; and a continuous process.
• Ageing implies changes in the body and mind of a person along with it’s gradual impact on social life and life style. 
• Ageing is intrinsic to the organism and degenerative.

• Yes, de-addiction centres play a vital rule in the life of addicts. 
• De-addiction centres treats the addicts carefully and monitoring their health. As per the requirement of addicts they give them moderate dosages of drugs for to recovery and to face withdrawal syndrome. 
• De-addiction centres make a support system for it to help addicts.

This statement is False.

• The impact of mobile addiction is similar to the consequences of internet addiction, both have adverse impact on individuals overusing it. 
• A teenager or young adult may spend hours on gaming; an older adult could be obsessed with sex sites. 
• Internet addiction becomes a problem when it increases stress or anxiety in the individual affects one’s physical health, diminishes the value of interpersonal relationships, leads to personal neglect, leads individuals to data that is inaccurate, prejudiced, titillating, unreliable and exploitative. 
• Similarly, mobile addiction is a problem again, like in the case of internet addiction, it leads to a certain type of behaviour. It may create a need to almost constantly be on call, to almost continuously take selfies or photos of any and everything, an urge to post all images of oneself immediately on social media, the need to keep forwarding messages mindlessly to numerous people and so on. 
• Mobile phones and internet can be used for destructive, negative and vested purposes. 
• There are many accounts of injuries and deaths due to careless behaviours like speaking on the phone while driving, dangerously posing for selfies, being overemotional in a public space; checking one’s messages during sleep. The consequences take a toll on mental and physical well-being. 
• Hence, we can conclude mobile and internet have created serious problems.

(i) If the earth’s axis were not tilted, the same climatic conditions would have prevailed on each of the different parallels throughout the year.

(ii) The seasons would not have occurred. It is due to the tilt of the earth’s axis that some parts of the earth experience summer and some winter on these days.

A) Raichur Doab

C) Devaraya – II

The following three programs were initiated to eliminate poverty and unemployment: 

1. Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP). 

2. National Rural Employment Program (NREP). 

3. Minimum Needs Program (MNP).

DNA fingerprinting can help in identification of kinship. 

▪ Methodology and Technique 

i. DNA is isolated and extracted from the cell or tissue by centrifugation. 

ii. By the process of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), many copies are produced. This step is called amplification. 

iii. DNA is cut into small fragments by treating with restriction endonucleases. 

iv. DNA fragments are separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. 

v. The separated DNA fragments are visualised under ultraviolet radiation after applying suitable dye. 

vi. The DNA is transferred from electrophoresis plate to nitrocellulose or nylon membrane sheet. This is called Southern blotting. 

vii. VNTR probes are now added which bind to specific nucleotide sequences that are complementary to them. This is called hybridisation. 

viii. The hybridised DNA fragments are detected by autoradiography. They are observed as dark bands on X-ray film.

DNA fingerprinting is used for identification of kinship.

Procedure :

1. Variable number of tanden repeats (VNTR's) are satellite DNA's that show high degree of polymorphism. They are used as probes in DNA fingerprinting. 

2. Fragments of DNA from an individual ale isolated and cut with restriction endonucleases. 

3. Fragments are separated according to their size and molecular weight through gel electrophoresis.

4. Fragments separated through electrophoresis gel are blotted (immobilised) on a synthetic membrane such as nylon or nitrocellulose. 

5. Immobilised fragments are hybridised with a VNTR probe. 

6. Hybridised DNA fragments can be detected by autoradiography. 

7. VNTRs are different in size, ranging from .1 to 20 kb. Hence, in the autoradiograrn, a band of different sizes will be obtained. 

8. These bands are the characteristic feature of an individual. They are different in each and every individual except identical twins.

DNA fingerprinting can help to hand over the dead to their relatives. 

▪ Methodology and Technique 

i. DNA is isolated and extracted from the cell or tissue by centrifugation. 

ii. By the process of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), many copies are produced. This step is called amplification. 

iii. DNA is cut into small fragments by treating with restriction endonucleases. 

iv. DNA fragments are separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. 

v. The separated DNA fragments are visualised under ultraviolet radiation after applying suitable dye. 

vi. The DNA is transferred from electrophoresis plate to nitrocellulose or nylon membrane sheet. This is called Southern blotting. 

vii. VNTR probes are now added which bind to specific nucleotide sequences that are complementary to them. This is called hybridisation. 

viii. The hybridised DNA fragments are detected by autoradiography. They are observed as dark bands on X-ray film.

The substances that control the growth and development in animals is Hormones.

Hormone secreted by corpus luteum is Progesterone.

Androgens (Testosterone)

When your mouth dries up and the heart begins to beat faster, Adrenaline hormone brings about the feeling.

13 cells and a cell respectively

(a) Ovary (Corpus luteum) 

(b) Testes (Leydig cells) 

(c) Pituitary gland 

(d) Ovary 

(e) Adrenal medulla 

(f) Adrenal medulla

Hypothalamus of the brain

The hormones secreted by the hypothalamus are called releasing hormones, e.g., TSH-RH, FSH-RH and ACTH-RH.

Insulin hormone is maintains glucose level in the blood.

1. Single meiotic division and 3 mitotic division.

2. Single functional mega spore develops into mature embryo sac. 

In this type a single mega spore mother cell of the nucellus differentiates in the ovule. Here Mega spore mother cell undergoes meiosis to form four mega spores, out of four, one mega spore becomes functional, while the other three degenerate. The functional mega spore develops into fully matured embryo sac.

1. endosperm

2. endosperm is triploid

1. False, 

Iodine is the main element of thyroxin.

2. (False, 

Adrenal medulla produces emergency hormone adrenaline.

3. True

4. True

5. False, 

Goitre is caused due to deficiency of iodine.

6. False, 

Glucagon converts glycogen into glucose.

1. True

2. False, 

Hormone s are always not protein.

3. False, 

The pancreas gland is both exocrine and endocrine in function.

4. False, 

Hormones act as chemical messengers.

5. False, 

pituitary gland is called master gland.

(i) 1. Larynx. 

2. Left lobe of thyroid gland. 

3. Trachea (windpipe). 

4. Oesophagus. 

5. Parathyroid glands.

(ii) Structure (2) secretes thyroxin hormone and structure (5) secretes parathormone.

(iii) Enzymes; which constitute the enzyme system of the body.

(iv) Hormones may be proteins, amino acids or steroids.

(v) Iodine is related with the functioning of gland (2) calcium, phosphorus are related with the functioning of gland(5).

(1) Pituitary 

(2) Parathyroid 

(3) Hypothalamus 

(4) Thyroid 

(5) Thymus 

(6) Adrenal 

(7) Pancreas 

(8) Ovaries 

(9) Tests.

The mucous lining of the stomach and intestine produce certain hormones which regulate the secretion and flow of certain digestive juices. So these are endocrine glands.

1. Pancreas is heterocrine gland i.e. both exocrine and endocrine gland. 

2. The exocrine part is pancreatic acini. The cells of acini secrete pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes like trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, etc. 

3. Endocrine part of pancreas is made up of groups of cells called Islets of Langerhans. There are four kinds of cells in islets of Langerhans which secrete hormones.

Alpha (α) cells (20%) secrete glucagon. 

Beta (β)) cells (70%) secrete insulin. 

Delta (δ) cell (5%) secrete somatostatin. PP cells or F 

cells (5%) secrete pancreatic polypeptide (PP). 

Hence, pancreas is said to be exocrine as well as endocrine gland.

(i) 1. Pituitary, 

2. Thyroid

3. Adrenal, 

4. Pancreas, 

5. Ovary.

(ii) Thymus, Testis.

(iii) Pancreas.

Insulin and glucagon

Myxedema is caused due to hyposecretion of thyroxin in adults.

The vessels veins transport hormones from the endocrine glands to the various parts of the body.

 Correct answer is 6 glasses