Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

The passenger, on entering the lift, said ‘Top’. The lift man wanted him to say ‘Top please’. The passenger refused to do so. The lift man, instead of taking him to the top floor, threw him out of the lift.

There is no penalty to pay if one is rude or boorish except the penalty of being called a ill-mannered person.

Correct Answer is: C) top

The polite bus conductor had a fund of patience and he had a gift for making his passengers comfortable. He did several things to make their travel pleasant and comfortable. For e.g., if it was raining, he would run up to call the passengers inside the bus; with old people he was as considerate as a son and with children he was as concerned as a father. He radiated warmth towards youngsters and made them happy with his jests.

He went out of the way to help the handicapped people. He would not only wait for an old man to get off, but also many a time, take a blind man across the road to make sure that he was safely on his way. Everybody on his bus found it a pleasant journey.

(c) Told Bill, the driver, to wait and took him, himself, across the road.

The law cannot compel us to say ‘please’ or to attune our voice to other people’s sensibilities.

When the author boarded a bus and found that he was utterly penniless, he told the conductor that he would go back. The conductor said that it was all right and issued him a ticket cheerfully. When the author wondered as to when to repay the amount, the conductor assured him that the author was likely to find him again sometime.

C) social practice

The Treaty of Purandar

We always think of physical pain when we talk about pain. But the wound is deeper and the scar darker when self-respect is damaged. The physical pain passes away soon but the pain of a wound to our selfrespect or our vanity may poison a whole day.

This means that if we are physically attacked i and injured, the pain of the wounds will soon heal and be forgotten. But if our self-respect or pride is hurt, it may poison our lives and behaviour for a much longer time.

subordinate clause – whenever I boarded his bus; adverb clause of time.

True statements: 

(a) Bitter problems in day-to-day life can be solved by sweet words. 

(b) Great wars could have been avoided by a little courtesy. 

(c) Observance of etiquette in a normal situation is important but more important is their observance when the situation is adverse.

False statements: 

(d) Words like ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ help us in making our passage through life uneasy. 

(e) The law permits anybody to use violence, if ; another person is discourteous.

Corrected statements : 

(d) Words like ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ help us in making our passage through life easy. 

(e) The law does not permit anybody to use violence, if another person is discourteous.

will permit – finite verb; 

to retaliate – non-finite verb (infinitive)

Answer is: Adilshah

may – possibility

There is a social practice not only much older but also much more sacred than any law which enjoins us to be civil.

The author makes use of the character of the conductor to highlight the point that it is possible for every one of us to be polite on a daily basis without losing anything. Once when the author had forgotten his wallet and got into the bus, the conductor instead of asking him to get down, gave him the ticket asking him to pay the next time. Another day, the author’s toe was trampled on by the conductor. But the conductor apologized so sweetly, sincerely and repeatedly that the author willingly forgave him.

The author noticed that the conductor was very helpful to both the old and the young alike. The author greatly appreciated the conductor’s behaviour towards a blind man. The conductor told the driver Bill to wait and took the blind man himself across the road. His behaviour made everyone cheerful and his gaiety was not a wasteful luxury but a sound investment.

The people who made the passenger rude and ill-mannered: 

[housemaid] → [cook] → [employer’s wife] → [employer] → [passenger] → [lift-man]

Answer is: Chakan

Answer is: Murarbaji

It is not an exaggeration to say that manners make man. Good manners are also as infectious as bad manners. Just like the sunny weather that brightens up people’s spirits, good behaviour also brightens up the day. If we are civil, humorous towards others, we will get the same response from others.

That is why the theme of the essay revolves around the issue of manners and while we might be frustrated with the rudeness around us, individuals can counter it with demonstrating good manners to one another and brightening one another’s day.

Bad manners have done probably more to poison the stream of general life than all the crimes in the calendar.

Bad temper harms not only the person who exhibits it, but also all those who come in contact with him. Bad manners are infectious. Bad manners do more to poison the stream of the general life than all the crimes in the calendar. When a man gets insulted by someone, he passes it on to someone else below his social standing and in the same manner, it keeps passing from one to another and the world gets infected with ill-humours.

Civility is at once easy and difficult. On the one hand, it is easy because it is something that is within our control. On the other, it is difficult because if people with whom we associate are not civil, it is difficult to continue to be polite with them.. Civility is also difficult because, in life we interact with people belonging to different backgrounds, cultures and positions. What is perceived as rudeness by one might be the natural behaviour of another. That is why the best yardstick of civility would be to behave in such a way that our behaviour does not hurt others. Our behaviour should be such that it spreads joy around us.

a) The easiest way to adopt civil behaviour is to get into the Christian spirit of saying, ‘Do unto others what you want others to do unto you’

b)A smile costs nothing. With a smile we can turn strangers into friends. 

c) Small helpful gestures like helping someone who is struggling with heavy luggage, moving a little bit to accommodate a fellow passenger in the bus, exchanging the lower berth for an upper berth to help an elderly person in the train are all small gestures which will make life comfortable for others and worthwhile for us.

Answer is: Pune

Answer is: Inayat Khan

Answer is: Shaistakhan

It is when we are on travel that we come across strangers who turn out to be either good or bad. It was when we went to a world famous museum that I had left my mobile in the washroom. The lady, who went to the washroom after me, came out running, looking for me and returned the set. I will never forget the good deed of this stranger who was more than a friend at that moment.

On the same day, as the lift in a station was not working, I had a real tough time with my heavy luggage. Many young boys and girls passed by me without even looking in my direction. However, after I had climbed half way through, an elderly gentleman offered help restoring my faith in humanity.

(i) Shaistakhan invaded Pune and set up his camp at Lai Mahal in Pune, where Shivaji Maharaj lived in his childhood.

(ii) His forces looted the people.

(iii) Shivaji Maharaj decided to raid Lai Mahal.

(iv) On the night of 5th April, 1663, along with his band of soldiers, Shivaji Maharaj raided Lai Mahal.

(v) In this raid, Shaistakhan lost his fingers hence suffered great humiliation.

Militarism is the belief that military might is the best way to ensure security and war is a good way to solve problems. 

“UN is a kind of world government based on four principles.”

Nazism in Germany and Fascism in Italy are the aggressive forms of Nationalism.

The E° of zinc (Zn²⁺ / Zn = -0.76v) or iron (Fe²⁺ / Fe = -0.44v) is lower than that of copper (Cu²⁺ / Cu = + 0.34v) and hence both Zn and Fe, can displace Cu from solutions of Cu²⁺ ions. Although zinc is a stronger reducing agent than iron, yet iron scrap is chiefty used in hydrometallurgy of copper because it is much cheaper than zinc. 

Fe (s) + Cu²⁺ (aq) → Fe²⁺ (aq) + Cu (s) 

In contrast, to displace zinc from solution of Zn²⁺ ions, we need more reactive metal than it, i.e Al (E° Al³⁺/ Al = -1.66v), Mg (e° Mg²⁺ / Mg = -2.37v), Ca (e° Ca²⁺ / Ca = -2.87) K. (e° k⁺ / k = - 2.93 v) etc. 

But all these metals react with water [2H₂ + 2e^- → H₂(g) + 20n- (ag), = -0.83v] forming their corresponding ions with the evolution of H₂ gas. 

Thus, Al, Mg etc cannot be used to displace zinc from solution of Zn²⁺ ions. Thus copper can be extracted by hydrometallurgy but not zinc.

Militarism is the belief that military might is the best way to ensure security and war is good way to solve problems.

1. b. Convex lens

2. a. Virtual and magnified

3. b. Greater than 1

4. a. Positive

5. b. Law of refraction

Germany, Italy and Austria.

Britain, France and Russia.

Russia, France and Britain.

Britain, USA, Germany, France, Italy, Japan etc.

• Development of industries is essential for development of economy.
• Government provides several incentives such as cheap land, tax-free zones, modern infrastructure, etc. at urban locations to encourage industrial . development.
• When people put industries they need workers. People from different regions migrate to these urban areas to work in these industries. This results in urbanization.
• Again to provide various facilities and goods, both private and public sector establishes new industries.
• Thus, this cycle goes on and hence one can say that urbanization and industrialization go hand in hand.

(i), (iii)

(i) A depressant prevents certain type of particle to come to the froth.

(iii) The solidified copper obtained from reverberatory furnace has blistered appearance due to evolution of SO₂ during the extraction.

(iii) For overall reaction ΔG^Θ has negative value.

(ii), (iii)

(ii) ΔG^Θ for the overall reaction is positive.

(iii) E^Θ for overall reaction has negative value.

Income inequalities:

Urbanization creates income inequalities. In urban areas, on one hand’there are intellects who are very highly educated, entrepreneurs and business magnates whose income levels are very high. While on the other hand, there are poor labourers who are illiterates, who do not have any expertise and who do not know anything except physical labour and hence have very low incomes.
Thus, one can witness very large income inequalities in urban areas.

In ‘Where there is a Wheel’, P. Sainath, the writer, refers to the ‘wheel’ of the bicycle to document the spectacular progress achieved by rural women in the Pudukkottai district of Tamilnadu. The title symbolically conveys the ‘progress’ achieved by rural women over a period of one and a half years. ‘Wheel’ is a commonly accepted symbol for progress or movement or mobility. ‘Wheel’ also means continuous progress or movement. While stagnation indicates decay and deterioration, mobility indicates dynamism.

The writer remarks that “people find curious ways of hitting out at their backwardness, of expressing defiance, a hammering at the fetters that hold them”. All these phrases make a reference to how the rural women of Pudukkottai district defied the challenge of the male bastion and broke the fetters that chained them to the confines of their homes by learning to ride a bicycle. These rural women, which included agricultural workers, quarry labourers, village health nurses, balwadis and anganwadis, gem cutters, school teachers, mid-day meal workers and gram sevikas, had to depend on the male persons at-home – brother, husband, father – to go to the market to sell their produce and to go to their workplaces in addition to doing household chores like carrying water from the village well, cooking, taking care of infants and washing clothes and utensils.

Today, women can be seen doing many tasks on their bicycles. They can be seen carrying water from the well along with their small kids sitting on the bar of their cycle in the front. Many of them bicycle their way to villages to sell agricultural produce or to work in the quarries.

As per Ellingham diagram at temperatures greater than 1073 K ΔG (C, CO) < ΔG (Fe, FeO). Hence coke can reduce FeO to Fe.

Fe₂O₃ + 3C → 2Fe + 3CO

Limestone is added as flux and sulphur, silicon and phosphorus change to their oxides and pass into the slag.

(i) Entropy is higher when a metal is in the liquid state than when it is in the solid state. Thus TΔS increases, thus ΔG° becomes more negative and the reduction becomes easier. (ΔG = ΔH - TΔS)

(ii) Limestone provides the flux (CaO) which combines with the impurities (SiO₂) to form slag (CaSiO₃). Thus it helps in the removal of impurities. 

(iii) Pine oil (Collector) enhances the non-wettability of the ore particles, which becomes lighter and hence rise to the surface along with the froth.