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ताजमहल का निर्माण भारतीय, इरानी, अरबी, तुर्की और युरोपियन शिल्पियों ने किया था ।

सहस्त्रलिंग तालाब सन् 1140 में सिद्धराज जयसिंह ने बनवाया था ।

मोहम्मद बेगडा ने मुहम्मदाबाद नाम से अपनी राजधानी बनाया था ।

हुमायूँ का मकबरा दिल्ली में उसकी पत्नी हमीदा बेगम ने बनवाया था ।

सही विकल्प है (C) शाहजहाँ

कुतुबमीनार का निर्माण गुलाम वंश के स्थापक कुतुबुद्दीन ऐबक ने दिल्ली में किया था ।

कुतुबमीनार पर कुरान की आयाते लिखी गयी है ।

सही विकल्प है (C) शाहजहाँ

सही विकल्प है (C) 1638

सही उत्तर है इल्तुतमिश

Due to tourism, activities like photography, horse-riding and boating get encouragement. Moreover, it provides employment to street hawkers.

(b) Sonography

The torchbearers named our country as ‘Bharat Varsha’.

Our varied culture, indigenous art, local art and the unique features of the concerned region have got a platform for the development due to development of tourism.

Structural facilities like metalled road, railways, water, communication etc., developed due to tourism.

विश्व की अति प्राचीन संस्कृति में से एक भारतीय संस्कृति समृद्ध और विविधतापूर्ण विरासतवाली है ।

• भारत की विविधता ही विश्व में उसकी विशिष्ट पहचान है ।
• विविध जातियों, समूहों, धर्मों, रीतिरिवाज, संस्कृतियों, भाषाओं आदि का समन्वय भारत में हुआ है ।
• भारत में विविधता होने के कारण वह मिश्र संस्कृति का सर्जन कर सका है ।
• भारत ने ‘वसुधैवकुटुंबकम्’ की भावना को विश्व में साकार किया है । आज विश्व एक विशाल परिवार है । यह भावना भारत में वेदकाल से प्रचलित है ।
• ‘हमें चारों दिशाओं में से अच्छे और शुभ विचार प्राप्त हो’ ऋग्वेद का संदेश भारतीय संस्कृति की विशालता और व्यापकता का दर्शन करवाती है ।
• भारत ने धार्मिक सहिष्णुता का प्रचार विश्व में किया है ।
• भारत एक बिनसांप्रदायिक देश है, धर्म की दृष्टि से भारत संसार के प्रमुख धर्मों के संमिश्रण की भूमि रही है । हिन्दू, बौद्ध, जैन, पारसी, इस्लाम, इसाई धर्मों का भारतीय संस्कृति में प्रभाव पाया जाता है ।

सही उत्तर है विरासत

ताजमहल का निर्माण शाहजहाँ ने अपनी बेगम मुमताज महल की याद में बनवाया था ।

Due to inclusion of tourism as a subject in the field of education, tourism guide as an independent business has flourished.

The torchbearers stressed upon peace, co-ordination and universal brotherhood.

Efforts made for the preservation and conservation of natural heritage:

(A) Indian Board for Wildlife (IBWL):

• Government of India formed the Indian Board for Wildlife (IBWL) in 1952 to protect our wildlife. The board forms various strategies and plans to preserve the wildlife.
• Based on its study the Board also suggests the government to develop national park, bird sanctuary and geological gardens at suitable places. The board also undertakes activities for creating awareness for protection of wildlife.

(B) Wildlife Protection Act, 1972:

• Wildlife Protection Act came into force in 1972. This act gave a firm status to National Parks, Sanctuaries and Bio reserves.
• Several new national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and bio-reserves have been established.
• Government has made several laws for preserving the natural heritage. These laws are quite comprehensive and are very widespread.
• Strict laws have been framed to stop the destruction of vanishing vegetation and wildlife.

(C) Role of Societies and Organizations:

• Apart from government, there are several societies and organization which have been actively taking up the task of protection of wildlife and environment. The Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) is one such organization. It is the oldest organization and it was established in 1883.
• Several other such organizations such as Gir Foundation, Natural Club, etc., are also doing noble work of environment preservation.
• Owing to the utmost importance of natural heritage, government has made it mandatory to include preservation of natural heritage in our Constitution.

सही उत्तर है भारतवर्ष

Our multifaceted and diverse heritage has always brought glory to India and made Indians feel proud.

• Cultural heritage includes sculpture, architecture, literature, various arts, etc.
• Our heritage makes us feel proud. For example, we feel proud about Taj Mahal, great South Indian and Jain temples, forts and palaces, etc., which mesmerizes and attract the whole world.
• Heritage guides about how to develop the nation. It is necessary for transmitting new consciousness across the country.
• Country’s heritage is country’s identity. The country which ignores it does not have any future.
• Thus, our pride and honour lies in our heritage.

The invasion of foreign tribes and our unawareness has damaged our heritage.

The teachers of schools and colleges should inform students about India’s glorious heritage and its preservation. This way they can contribute in the preservation of our heritage.

निम्नलिखित कारणों से जैन और बौद्ध धर्म के सिद्धांतों को लोगों ने अपनाया।

1. इन धर्मों के आने से शाकाहारी संस्कृति को बल मिला
2. भारत की अहिंसावादी छवि इन्हीं के कारण हुई
3. ये धर्म लोकतांत्रिक और उदार थे। संगठित धर्म पर जोर बढ़ने से इनका दूर-दूर तक प्रचार बढ़ा। चीन व दक्षिण-पूर्वी एशिया में भी इन्हें अपनाया गया
4. इनके संघों में महिलाओं को प्रवेश के साथ-साथ ऊँचा स्थान दिया गया
5. जातक और हितोपदेश में कहानियों के माध्यम से उपदेशों को सरल भाव से लोगों तक पहुँचाया गया।

आंध्रप्रदेश में कृष्णा नदी पर नागार्जुन सागर बहुउद्देशीय योजना के कारण संगमेश्वर मंदिर, पापनाशम मंदिर समुद्री पानी में डूब जाने की स्थिति में आ गये थे ।

• पुरातत्त्व विभाग ने ये मंदिर आंध्रप्रदेश के मेहबूबनगर जिले के आलमपुर में सफलतापूर्वक खिसकाकर स्थानांतरित किये ।

Bombay Natural History Society

• Gir Foundation
• Nature Club etc.

ऋषिमुनियों, सूफी संतों, स्वामी विवेकानंद, दयानंद सरस्वती और महात्मा गाँधी जैसे महापुरुषों ने हमेशा शांति, समन्वय और विश्वबंधुत्व पर बल दिया ।

To throw garbage at any place.

• To draw or write unnecessarily on historical monuments.
• To pollute the surrounding of historical monuments.
• Damage of our historical heritage knowingly or unknowingly by our domestic or foreign visitors.
• Our negligence and less awareness about our heritage. Hence, our heritage places are damaged due to unfavourable effect of man-made factors.

1. East India consists of the states of Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripuram Sikkim, Meghalaya etc.

2. Out of these states, Odisha and West Bengal have sea coasts.

हमारी भव्य विरासत के जतन और संरक्षण के लिए हम सभी कटिबद्ध हो यह समय की माँग है ।

सही उत्तर है विरासत

Correct option is (c) 4, 1, 3, 2

According to the Indian Treasure Trove Act, 1876, if any citizen suddenly finds any ancient or antique thing from a house, field, well, lake etc., then he has to immediately inform the archaeological officers so that they can preserve them in museums or at other safe places.

• Bypassing a law in 1972 for ancient or expensive artistic pieces the government has also tried to obtain information regarding personal or private museums.
• Museums preserve manuscripts written in Sanskrit, Ardha Magadhi, Prakrit, Pali etc. ,
• Museums provide proper and scientific knowledge to the historians and researchers to preserve important office documents of each state.
• Museums preserve antique pieces of art and valuable things carefully.
• Hence, it is a holy duty of government to show awareness towards the preservation and conservation of all the museums.

हिन्दू, बौद्ध, जैन, पारसी, इस्लाम, ईसाई धर्मों का भारतीय संस्कृति पर प्रभाव पाया जाता है ।

शिकागो विश्व धर्म परिषद में स्वामी विवेकानंद ने कहा था कि ‘मुझे यह कहते हुए गर्व होता है कि, जिस धर्म का में प्रतिनिधित्व करता हूँ उस धर्म ने जगत को सहिष्णुता और विश्वबंधुत्व का पाठ सिखाया है ।

The Bombay Natural History Society the oldest one of its kind was established in 1883. It works for environmental and wildlife preservation.

1. People in Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh . and West Bengal eat roti and vegetables, but rice more frequently.

2. Rice is a staple diet in mountainous region.

3. People also consume pulses and green vegetables in their meals

4. Rosogulla and Sandesh are very popular sweets in the eastern states, especially in West Bengal.

5. Sathvo (Satthu) is a special dish eaten in Bihar. Tea is a widespread drink of Assam.

6. Mustard oil is widely used in cooking.

1. Wheat is the staple food of Punjab and Haryana.

2. People of Punjab quiet often eat tandoori roti made from wheat and a variety of parathas.

3. Vegetables especially made with paneer are highly preferred by them. Lassi is a well-known drink in Punjab.

4. People of Jammu and Kashmir mainly eat rice, meat and fish.

5. Roti, daal and rice is staple food of people in Uttar Pradesh.

6. Mustard oil is commonly oil used in north Indian cooking.

(d) Museums provide scientific knowledge to historians and researchers to preserve important official documents of each state.

Correct option is (a) 3, 4, 1,2

सही उत्तर है मिश्रण

सांस्कृतिक विरासत में साहित्य, शिल्प स्थापत्य कला, विविध कलाओं और प्राकृतिक विरासत का समावेश होता है ।

Rajasthan:

Millet and dal-bati are the staple food of Rajasthan. Marwadi Kachori of Rajasthan is a common snacks.

Gujarat:

Chapati and/or Bukhari, vegetables, dal and rice, khichdi and kadhi form the staple diet of Gujarat.

1. People eat khaman, patra and ganthia as savoury dishes.
2. People prefer snacks like thepla, ganthia, dry kachori, khakhra and sukhdi as breakfast.
3. People of Gujarat widely use groundnut oil.

Maharashtra:

1. Bhakhri, sabudana khichdi, vegetables, aarti (lentils) etc. form the staple diet of Maharashtra.
2. Maharashtrians eat Puran Poli, shrikhand, misal pav, etc. as savoury dishes.

Coastal areas:

Rice and fish are the staple diet of people living along the sea coasts of Gujarat, Maharashtra and Goa.

सही उत्तर है 1958

नागरिक के मूलभूत कर्तव्यों में इसका समावेश किया गया है ।

(c) Hemchandracharya library is situated in Hyderabad.

‘Vasudhaiv Kutumbakam’ means whole world is a family.

• This thought has been given by India to the world and India strongly believes in it. The feeling of ‘Vasudhaiv Kutumbakam’ exists in India since Vedic period.
• By adopting this feeling India has remained one united nation by amalgamating all the cultures that exist in India.

1. UNESCO,

2. 1972,

3. Bombay Natural History Society; 1 883,

4. Archaeological department,

5. Alampur; Mehboobnagar.