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Lord William Bentick promulgated an educational policy in support of western science and English.

Wrong Pair: 

Overpopulation – Population growth < Natural Resources

According to UNESCO – “Population Education is an educational programme which provides for a study of population situation of the family, the community, nation, and world with the purpose of developing in the students rational and responsible attitude and behaviour towards the situation”.

Yes, I do agree with the statement. 

• There has been improvement in medical and health facilities, the decline in maternal mortality rate, fall in infant mortality rate, increase in literacy rate, etc. 
• Through public health measures, a better quality of food is available.
• The government has taken several steps to control natural calamities. 
• This helps to mitigate all types of disasters thereby reducing the loss of lives. 
• Hence, the death rate in India is falling rapidly.

Death Rate. 

Death rate means the number of deaths occurring per thousand of the living population during a year. It is also called the mortality rate.

High Density of Population. 

The number of people living per square kilometer is known as the density of population. In India, it is 382 people per square kilometer as per the 2011 Census which is very high.

Population policy. 

China’s ‘One Child Policy’ was part of a birth planning program designed to control the size of its population.

The causes of the low death rate are as follows: 

(i) Improvement in medical and health facilities: 

Due to advanced medical and health facilities epidemics like the plague, cholera, malaria, smallpox, measles, TB, etc. have been controlled or eradicated. The invention of sulpha drugs, penicillin, antibiotics has helped to reduce the death rate among people. The number of hospitals, doctors, and nurses also have increased. This has reduced the death rate.

(ii) Decline in Maternal Mortality Rate: 

There is a fall in the death rate among women after delivery because of the easy availability of doctors, nurses, medicines, and transport facilities. 

(iii) Fall in infant mortality rate:

Due to an improvement in medical facilities and public health measures infant mortality has declined. 

(iv) Increase in literacy: 

The spread of education especially among women has helped them to take better care of their children. This has reduced the death rate.

Birth Rate.

Birth rate means the number of births occurring per thousand of the living population during a year. It is also called the fertility rate.

1. Underpopulation

2. Overpopulation

3. Family Welfare Programme

4. National Population Policy

5. Demographic dividend

6. Son meta – preference.

Yes, I do agree with the statement. 

• The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has introduced the concept of ‘Human Development’ in 1990. 
• Human resource development occurs through the provision of educational facilities, increase in literacy rate, especially among women tends to reduce birth rate and infant mortality rate. This contributes to population control. 
• HRD contributes to improvement in life expectancy and literacy rate. This further improves the quality of life. 
• Human development leads to an increase in human productivity, i.e. investment in nutrition, health, and education which results in higher productivity.
• Hence, human resources play an important role in economic development.

Arranging the data in ascending order: 

36.1, 43.9, 54.8, 68.3, 84.6, 102.7, 121.02

Here, n = 7 

Q3 = \(\frac{3(n+1)^{th}}{4}\) observation 

Q3 = \(\frac{3(7+1)^{th}}{4}\) observation 

Q3 = 6th observation 

Q3 = 102.7

The causes of the high birth rate are as follows: 

(i) Illiteracy: 

A large proportion of the population in India is illiterate which means they are bound to be traditional, superstitious, ignorant, and irrational. So they have more children. 

(ii) Universalization of Marriage: 

In India, Marriage is considered a religious and social obligation. In spite of the spread of education, the attitude of people towards marriage remains unchanged.

(iii) Age of Marriage: 

In India the average age for marriage is low. Hence, the childbearing period is long which is responsible for the high birth rate. 

(iv) Preference for the male child: 

Many parents don’t accept family planning till they have a son or desired number of sons. This is known as son meta-preference.

Family Planning Programme

• Indians of different languages were able to converse with one another in English. 
• This also helped in inspiring the feeling of nationalism among the people. 
• The European materialistic thinking entered the Indian society and had far reaching consequences. 
• It had a lot of serious influence on Indian literature and led to literary revolutions too. 
• Many sections gained social awareness.

The local leader (Lambardar) was responsible for the tax due by all formers.

1. Permanent Land Revenue 

2. Zamindars 

3. Ryotwari 

4. Max Muller 

5. Dadabhai Navaroji.

The Regulating Act, Pitt’s India Act, Charter Act of 1813, Minto – Morly Reforms, Montagu – Chelmsford Reforms, the Government of India Act 1935 are some of the Constitutional reforms in India.

In 1857, Universities were set up at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras

The Governer general Warren Hastings implemented this act in 1773.

1. mortality rate

2. Birth rate – Death rate

3. survival rate

4. death rate

5. A. J. Coale and E. M. Hoover

In this system the formers could directly remit the land tax to treasury without any intermediaries.

One lakh rupees was kept aside for the education of Indians.

1. (3) c, a, d, b

2. (2) b, c, a

3. (3) c, a, b

The peasantry system of taxation was brought in Madars province by Sir Thomas Munroe in 1820.

1. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India

2. 500 crores

3. 11th July

4. ‘Year of Great Divide’

5. fertility rate

The credit for iniciating, a new education system goes to Lord Macaulay and Charles Wood.

• Primary schools, high schools, colleges and universities were set up in phases. 
• To supervise the educational system, education departments were set up in the provinces. English became the official language of administration in 1844.

• According to this Act, a federal of India was formed with federation of states and princely states. 
• Diarchy was introduced at Central government. 
• Responsible government were established at the regions.

1. Interest rate

2. Expansion of industrial sector

• Under this system, the land was measured and based on the fertility and irrigation facilities, the tax amount was determined. 
• 50% of the value of the agricultural produce was fixed as the tax which was very high.
• The tax amount was decided periodically. 
• During floods or drought, even if the crops failed, the farmers had to pay the tax.

Yes, I do agree with the statement. 

• According to the 2011 Census, the birth rate in India is 20.9 which is low as compared to the 2001 Census. 
• There are certain factors responsible for the declining birth rate.
•  Awareness about health facilities. 
• Joint Family System is now shaped into a nuclear family system.
• The cost of education is increased per child. 
• Under the family planning programme, contraceptive pills are available.
• Due to all these reasons, the birth rate is declining in India.

1. High growth of population

2. Illiteracy

3. 2000

4. Improving the status of women

5. Thomas Robert Malthus

• The Landlords acted as agents of the British. 
• The lease amount of the company was fixed. 
• There was a definite amount of revenue collection. 
• The burden of spending money in the process of collection of tax was also reduced.

Survival rate

The theory of demographic transition (birth rate and death rate related changes) given by Coale and Hoover explains that every country passes through three stages of demographic transition. It explains the changes taking place from high to low birth and death rates. 

• First Stage: During the first stage, the country is at a low level of economic development. Agriculture is said to be the main occupation, people are illiterate and are ruled by old customs and beliefs. Hence in this stage, the country experiences a high birth rate and high death rate, and the actual growth of the population is low. 
• Second Stage: Due to the improvement in economic development, the death rate starts falling rapidly, but the birth rate remains almost stable. This leads to widening the difference between the two, resulting in a very fast rise in the growth of population. Developing countries including India experiences this stage. 
• Third Stage: As economic development continues, the structure of the economy changes, people shift from rural to urban areas, literacy rate improves, and in this stage, both birth rate and death rate fall, and there is low but stable population growth. Developed countries experience this stage.

Population explosion

Correct option is (4) a, b and c

Correct option is  (2) 1-b, 2-c, 3-d, 4-a

India is a country with a huge geographical area. So, there is uneven distribution of rainfall. 

On the basis of rainfall zones in India, the distribution of rainfall in India is classified as given below:

1. Areas of extreme rainfall (average rainfall more than 2000 mm) 

2. Areas of heavy rainfall (average rainfall from 1000 mm to 2000 mm) 

3. Areas of normal rainfall (average rainfall from 250 mm to 1000 mm) 

4. Areas of low rainfall (average rainfall less than 250 mm)

1. The areas of extreme rainfall: The western part of Western Ghats, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram etc. are the prominent zones of extreme rainfall in India.

2. Areas of heavy rainfall: Bihar, Assam, Manipur, Nagaland, Tripura, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, and Uttar Pradesh are included in the areas of heavy rainfall.

3. Areas of Normal rainfall: Southern part of Jammu – Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, most parts of Rajashtan, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat are included in the areas of normal rainfall.

4. Areas of low rainfall: Western part of Rajasthan, northern part of Jammu – Kashmir, arid Plateau part of Karnataka are included in the areas of low rainfall.

Difference between the value of goods imported and exported.

1. Minimising the cost of production.
2. Maintaining the quality of product.

It is a system of floating exchange rate, but occasionally, the float is managed by the central bank of the country by the way of sale and purchase of foreign exchange in the international money market. Managed floating, which is also known as ‘dirty floating’, is an attempt to keep the exchange rate within the desired limits.

1. Getting subsidies from foreign countries.
2. Getting loans from foreign countries.

Exchange rate : $1 = Rs. 40.

Foreign exchange supply curve moves upward.

Following are the benefits of flexible exchange rate :

1. In flexible exchange rate system, this is.no compulsion of incurring expenditure by Reserve Bank for keeping foreign exchange reserve.
2. Due to flexible exchange rate system, the obstacles that might emerge between the international trade and capital traffic are removed.
3. It helps in getting rid of problems like devaluation and revaluation.

Foreign exchange demand curve slopes downward.

Flexible rate of exchange is that rate which is determined by the supply-demand forces in the foreign exchange market. It is also called “Free exchange rate”, as it is determined by the free play of supply and demand forces in the international money market.

Whenever the cost of imported goods is more than the cost of exported goods, Balance of Trade shows loss.