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The Human Development Report (HDR) of 2014 was published in 2015. The report gave HDI for 188 countries. It classd these countries into four parts on the basis of human development.

(b) 24

Number of people having either or both type of lunches

= \(\frac{60}{100}\) x 96 + \(\frac{30}{100}\) x 96 - \(\frac{15}{100}\) x 96 = \(\frac{75\times96}{100}\) = 72

Number of people who did not eat either type of lunch = 96 – 72 = 24

Let the original number be 100.

An increase of 20% followed by another increase of 20%

= \(\frac{120}{100}\) x \(\frac{120}{100}\) x 100 = 144

\(\therefore\) Required decrease = 44

Required % decrease = \(\frac{44}{144}\) x 100% = \(\frac{275}{9}\)% = 30\(\frac{5}{9}\)% 

(d) 37.5%

Let the price of the commodity be Rs x and its consumption be y. Then

Expenditure = Rs xy

Increased price = Rs \(\frac{160}{100}\)x = Rs 1.6x

Expenditure remaining the same = Rs xy

\(\therefore\) Reduced consumption = \(\frac{Xy}{1.6X}\) = \(\frac{10y}{16}\) = \(\frac{5}{8}\)y

% reduction in consumption = \(\frac{y-\frac{5}{8}y}{y}\)x 100

= \(\frac{3}{8}\)x 100% = 37.5%

(b) 150 g

In 50 gm of an alloy of gold and silver, the quantity of gold = 40 gm and the quantity of silver = 10 gm,

Let x gm of gold be mixed in 50 gm of an alloy of gold and silver such that quantity of gold becomes 95%.

Then,  40 + x = 95% of (x + 50)

 40 + x = \(\frac{19}{20}\)( x+ 50)

\(\Rightarrow\) 800 + 20x = 19x + 950

\(\Rightarrow\) x = 150.

(b) 0.034%

81.472 km = 81472 meters = 81500 meters with three significant digits

\(\therefore\) Error% = \(\frac{81500-81472}{81472}\) x 100 = 0.034%

(d) None

Let x litres of the 37.85% alcoholic solution and (35 – x) litres of 92% alcoholic solution be required to get 35 L of 89% solution. Then, 37.85% of x + 92% of (35 – x) = 89% of 35

\(\Rightarrow\) \(\frac{37.85X}{100}\)+ \(\frac{92\times35}{100}\) - \(\frac{92\times X}{100}\) = \(\frac{89}{100}\) x 35

\(\Rightarrow\) 54.15x = 105  \(\Rightarrow\) x = \(\frac{105}{54.15}\) = 1.94 L (approx.)

(c) 50 paise

(b) Rs 2.50

Let the original price per kg of the article be Rs x.

Then, the reduced price per kg = \(\frac{75}{100}\) x Rs x = Rs \(\frac{3X}{4}\)

Amount of article that can be bought for Rs 500 originally =\(\frac{500}{X}\)kg

Amount of article that can be bought for Rs 500 by reduced price = \(\frac{500}{\frac{3X}{4}}\) kg = \(\frac{500\times4}{3X}\)kg

Given, \(\frac{500\times4}{3X}\) = \(\frac{500}{X}\) + 50

\(\Rightarrow\) \(\frac{2000-1500}{3X}\) = 50

\(\Rightarrow\) \(\frac{500}{3X}\) = 50

\(\Rightarrow\) x = \(\frac{500}{50\times3}\) = Rs \(\frac{10}{3}\)

\(\therefore\) Reduced price = \(\frac{3}{4}\) x Rs \(\frac{10}{3}\) = Rs 2.50

It helps in more surface area for the enzyme to act.

(c) Rs 168

Let the reduced price of the radio be Rs x. Then, x + 7% of x = 2568

\(\Rightarrow\) \(\frac{107}{100}\)x x = 2568

\(\Rightarrow\) x = \(\frac{2568\times100}{107}\) = 2400

\(\therefore\) Reduction needed in the price of radio = Rs 2568 – Rs 2400 = Rs 168.

Comparison of v_rms, \(\bar v\) and v_mp : Among the speeds v_rms is the largest and v_mp is the least 

v_rms > \(\bar v\) > v_mp

Ratio -wise, v_rms: \(\bar v\) : v_mp = \(\sqrt3\) : \(\sqrt{\frac{8}{π}}\) : \(\sqrt2\) = 1.732 : 1.6 : 1.414

The path taken by a fluid particle under a steady flow is a streamline. Properties: 

1. The tangent at any point in streamline gives direction of fluid velocity at that point. 

2. No two streamlines can cross.

Hydraulic lifts, hydraulic breaks.

A liquid is incompressible and has a definite volume and a free surface of its own. A gas is compressible and it expands to occupy all the space available to it.

Atmosphere (atm) is a common unit of pressure.

1 atm = 1.013 × 10⁵ Pa.

The capillaries formed in threads disappear when wax is rubbed on cloth.

(d) liquids and gases only.

Explanation: 

Viscosity comes into play when something starts to flow. Since only liquids and gasses can flow it is their property.

(d) liquids and gases only.

Explanation: 

Viscosity comes into play when something starts to flow. Since only liquids and gasses can flow it is their property.

Due to the surface tension the surface of the water acts like a stretched membrane. The surface tension along the edges of the blade is more than the weight of the blade thus it floats.

Now the surface tension is a surface phenomenon, so when the same blade is kept well inside the water there is no surface tension to counter its weight. There is only the weight of the blade and buoyancy force on it. Since the density of the blade is more than the water, the weight is greater than the buoyancy force, thus it sinks.

In a compressed spring the molecules are under stress due to the elastic potential energy stored in it. When the acid dissolves the spring molecules the P.E. stored in it is converted to K.E. and the new molecule it forms with acid ion has this extra K.E. Due to this the temperature of the acid increases slightly. It means that the elastic potential energy is converted to heat energy.

‘The Brave Potter’ is a very popular Telugu folktale collected by Marguerite Siek. It is a humorous story. A potter is the hero of this story.

It was a dark evening and the sky was full of clouds. The rain was about to start. It was starting to rain and an old tiger ran through the rain for shelter. The tiger crawled under the thatched roof of an old hut and lay down by the door. It was an old woman’s hut which had a leak. When the tiger began to fall asleep, he heard a woman’s voice complaining the leak in her hut was very terrible. She also complained aloud that she would rather meet a tiger than have the leak in her house. When the tiger heard her words, he thought that the ‘leak’ was a very dangerous and strong animal. He was doubtful whether they were all not afraid of him. While these thoughts were lingering in his mind, he fell asleep.

On the afternoon of that day, a potter had drunk more wine and no longer felt tired. When the rain began, he suddenly remembered that he had left his donkey tied under a tree. He rushed to the spot but couldn’t find it. He started searching for it. While he was searching, he often stumbled over roots and fallen branches. He felt angrier and wanted to give the donkey a good beating when he caught it. He reached the old woman’s hut and mistook the tiger for his donkey. He couldn’t notice the difference between a donkey and a tiger as he had drunk. He kicked and beat the sleeping tiger. The tiger thought that it must be the ‘leak’ who came out of the hut. The tiger shivered with fright and wanted to do as the ‘leak’ said. The potter jumped onto the frightened tiger’s back, rode it home and tied it up with the iron chain.

The next morning, the news spread throughout the village that the potter had caught a tiger and tied it to a tree in his yard. All of them praised his courage. But the potter couldn’t understand how it all had happened! They didn’t believe him saying that he had only brought his donkey home. The villagers even praised him for his modesty. A few years later a war broke out. The enemy army was much stronger. The king was worrying how he could save the country. He wanted a brave man to lead the army. One of his ministers told the king about the brave potter. He called for the potter, made him the General of the army and ordered him to lead the army into battle the next day. But the potter was worrying very much as he never carried a sword, nor had he ever ridden a horse. Hence, he wanted to practise riding the horse. He woke up early the next morning and climbed onto the horse’s back with great difficulty. Then he asked his wife to tie his feet to the stirrups. His wife bound his feet tightly to the stirrups and tied the two stirrups together. She also tied him to the saddle. Suddenly, the horse jumped free and galloped out of the stable. The potter held to the horse’s neck tightly and prayed to all the gods to save his life.

The horse galloped through the streets, the city gates and began to head for the enemy’s camp. Though he tried to pull on the reins and control the horse, the horse didn’t stop. The potter grabbed a branch when they passed a young tree. When a sentry from the enemy camp saw him with a tree in one hand and the reins in the other, he thought that the horse-rider must be the General who captured a tiger with his bare hands. Immediately he made loud shouts warning his men about the famous Tiger-General who was rushing towards them to attack. The frightened soldiers fled. Even their king followed his soldiers leaving a letter in the tent. The potter was surprised to find the camp empty. He brought the letter and gave it to his wife. He requested her to take the letter to their king and tell him the enemy had run away. His wife gave the letter to the king and he read it. He praised the potter and rewarded the potter so well that he didn’t need to work again.

(d) the particle moves at a constant velocity up to a time t₀, and then stops.

Explanation:

Initially the displacement increases proportionately with time up to time t_o, so it is a constant velocity. After this instant the displacement is stagnant because the graph is parallel to time axis, it shows that particle has stopped.

Correct option is (B) Stabilization policy

Correct option is (B) 3% to 15%

Correct option is (B) Repo rate

Functions of commercial banks:

The functions of commercial banks can be divided into

(A) Primary functions 

(B) Secondary functions.

Let us understand each in brief.

(A) Primary functions:

Accepting deposits:

A bank acts as a custodian by accepting people s’ savings in the form of deposits and gives interest in return.

Different types of deposits:

There are four different ways in which a bank accepts deposits.
They are:

1. Current Account Deposits,
2. Savings Account Deposits,
3. Recurring Deposit Account and
4. Fixed Deposits.

A customer may deposit money in banks by opening any of these accounts.

1. Current account deposits:

A business, firm or an individual can open a current account with the bank. The main objective of this account is to conduct business related transactions.

2. Savings account deposits:

• A savings account is an account provided by a bank for individuals to save money and earn interest on the cash held in the account.
• The account holder can withdraw money using cheque, withdrawal slip, debit card and credit card.

3. Recurring deposits:

• This type of deposit accounts allows people to deposit small amount of money every month.
• The deposit gradually increases and the bank provides interest on the accumulated amount.

4. Fixed/ Long term deposits:

• People who want to deposit their money for long duration opt for fixed deposits.
• These deposits are fixed in nature and thus, money cannot be withdrawn as and when required by the depositor.
• Banks pay highest rate of interest as compared to other deposit accounts.

2. Providing credit facilities:

• Banks provide credit facilities to different individuals such as farmers, different professionals, etc. who are in need of money.
• Under this system, the needy ones borrow from the bank and the bank charges interest for the credit facility that it provides. The interest charges depends on the purpose of credit i.e. whether the credit is used for personal use, agricultural activity or business activity.

3. Payment and withdrawal facilities:

A bank provides easy payment and withdrawal facility to its customers. The various facilities are cheque, withdrawal slips and drafts, pay order, ATM Facilities (Automatic Teller Machine), internet banking, debit card and credit card.

4. Credit creation:

Credit creation is the power of commercial banks to expand deposits, through loans, advances and investments. In other words, on the basis of cash deposits of the customers in the bank, the bank makes loans and advancement and thus increases the money supply in the market.

5. Inter-banking transactions:

• A bank can provide short or long-term credit in the form of loans or advance to the other bank as and when required.
• Short term credit is provided by one bank to another through central bank and is called ‘call money’ and the interest rate of call money is called ‘call money rate’

(B) Secondary functions:

1. Agency and utility services:

Under this a bank provides various facilities to its customers as follows:

1. Letter of credit – Bank acts as a mediating agent for payment between exporter (in India) and Importer (in foreign country) especially when the parties are unknown to each other.
2. Underwriting services
3. To pay tax challans
4. Safe deposit vaults (lockers) – to store precious jewelry and documents safely”
5. Micro finance facilities – providing finance to small business for overall development of the community and economy as a whole

2. Provide various facilities with changing time:

• In today’s scenario, banks have shifted from physical presence to digitalization i.e. services in electronic form.
• The transfer of money from one customer of a bank to the other customer of the same or different bank is made easy by using electronic medium (done through facilities like NEFT and RTGS) without using cheques.

For f(x) = g (x) 

⇒ 2x² – 1 = 1 – 3x 

⇒ 2x² + 3x – 2 = 0 

⇒ 2x² + 4x – x – 2 = 0 

⇒ 2x (x + 2) – 1 (x + 2) = 0 

⇒ (2x – 1) (x + 2) = 0 

Thus domain for which the function f (x) = g (x) is {1/2, -2}.

Correct option is A. Minimal turnover rates

Correct option is C. Management by objectives

Correct option is A. Human Resource Planning

Correct option is C. Past experience

Uses Sodium chloride

• As table salt, an essential constituent of our food.

• In the manufacture of Na₂CO₃, NaOH, Cl₂, etc.

• For salting out soap, and organic dyes.

• In freezing mixtures.

• In tanning and textile industries.

• As a preservative for fish, meat, butter etc.

The benefits of the various schemes of the government cannot reach all the people if they do not fulfil their Fundamental Duties.

• Public toilets: Maintenance from time to time and continuous water supply.
• Clean water supply: Ensuring that water treatment to remove contaminants is done before it reaches homes and other places for consumption.
• Vaccination of children:
• Create awareness among parents about different vaccinations through different media of communication.
• Organise vaccination drives from time to time.

Sodium Carbonate (Na₂CO₃)

Sodium carbonate exists as anhydrous (Na₂CO₃) and also as hydrated salt. The dehydrated salt (Na₂CO₃.10H₂O) is known as washing soda while the anhydrous salt is called soda ash.

i. Yes

ii. No

iii. Yes

iv. Yes

Pulse Polio is an immunisation campaign established by the government of India to eliminate poliomyelitis (polio) in India by vaccinating all children under the age of five years against the polio virus. The project fights poliomyelitis through a large-scale pulse vaccination programme and monitoring for polio cases.

• In 1995, following the Global Polio Eradication Initiative of the World Health Organization (1988), India launched Pulse Polio immunisation program with Universal Immunization Program which aimed at 100% coverage.

• The last reported cases of wild polio in India were in West Bengal and Gujarat on 13 January 2011. On 27 March 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared India a polio free country, since no cases of wild polio had been reported in for three years.

• Polio vaccines are the vaccines used to prevent poliomyelitis (polio).One type uses inactivated poliovirus and is given by injection (IPV), while the other type uses weakened poliovirus and is given by mouth (OPV). The World Health Organization recommends all children be vaccinated against polio. The two vaccines have eliminated polio from most of the world. The oral polio vaccine was developed by Albert Sabin and came into commercial use in 1961. 

To show the boy ‘the star’ inside.

The wind was blowing a dancing breeze and it blew a red apple right off the tree. Thank. The apple landed at his feet.

Taffy’s drawing is not at all realistic. It does not show the true picture of Tegumai. The black-handled spear, which Taffy wanted the stranger to fetch, looked as if it was sticking in Tegumai’s back. Her hair was standing up in the picture, which it didn’t in real life. The stranger, who was nice, was not depicted as being ‘pretty’.

1. Tegumai did not speak to the stranger because he was busy – True 

2. The stranger was impressed with Taffy – True 

3. Taffy wanted the stranger to help her father repair his spear – False 

4. Taffy could read and write well – False

The stranger thought that Taffy was a very wonderful child because she stamped her foot at him and made faces.

Mangrove forest

(i) Birth Rate is the number of live births per thousand persons in a year. It is a major component growth of population. In India birth rates have always been higher than death rates.

(ii) Death Rate is the number of deaths per thousand persons in a year. Rapid decline in death rate is the main cause of rapid growth in population rapidly. Since 1981 birth rate has also started declining resulting in a gradual decline in the rate of population growth.

(iii) Migration is the movement of people across regions and territories. Migration can be internal or international. Internal migration does not change the size of the population within the nation. Migration plays a very significant role in changing the composition and distribution of population.

The pilot, handed the packet of papers and crawled away from the boy in opposite direction, the enemy who had seen him gave chase and shot at him. The cartridges fell everywhere and the child ran fast. The enemy gave up and turned their attention to the crawling pilot.

The disappearance of forest area to full fill the demand of developing civilisations is known as deforestation. During the period of Colonialism, deforestation took a systematic approach towards industrial development. Forests provide bamboo, wood for fuel, grass, charcoal, packaging, fruits, flowers, animals, birds, the tannin used to convert skins and hides into leather, the herbs and roots used for medicinal purposes, gum, honey, coffee, tea, rubber, oil and many other things.

Objective of Sumptuary laws was to control the behaviour of those considered social inferiors. Restrictions.

1. Preventing them from wearing certain clothes.

2. Consuming certain foods & beverages.

3. Hunting game in certain areas.

The boy saw the plane only after it had been shot True.