Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

• AI taking over laborious jobs won’t create unemployment. It is just a groundless fear. The standard view of technical change is that some jobs are displaced by the substitution of machines for labour, but that the fear of total displacement is misplaced because new jobs are created, largely due to the technology-fuelled increase in productivity. Humans have always shifted away from work suitable for machines and to other jobs.
• The basic fact is that technology eliminates jobs, not work. If this level of AI revolution will happen, lots of job opportunities will be created. 
• For example: 20-30 years ago, being an accountant was a lucrative job, AI took over this job but this created a lot of opportunities, it raised the demand of a software engineer, data scientist, etc.
• It will open doors to skillful jobs rather than doing laborious tasks. 
• Thus, we will be able to cope with the level of major unemployment, if AI took over laborious jobs.

Correct option: a) Rock Paper and Scissors

It is actually very difficult to blame anyone in such a scenario. Here is the situation where AI Ethics come in to the picture. Here, the choices might differ from person to person and one must understand that nobody is wrong in this case. Every person has a different perspective and hence he/she takes decisions according to their moralities. But still if someone is to be liable then it should be the programmer who has designed the algorithm of the autonomous vehicle as he/she should have considered all the exceptional conditions that could arise.

Points: to prepare recipe fast in simple and enjoyable way/manner, proper additives, water, etc. to manage timing preparing the food item in short time without confusion.

AI Bias, AI Access, Data privacy, AI for kids.

Points: well designed – illustrations for making recipe – separate tables for ingradients, Nutrition facts and recipe – beautiful attractive writing – clear instructions.

Points: after reading information on the packet especially about ingredients and nutrition facts taste after having the food item – from reliability and genuineness of the manufacturer – popularity.

Correct option: d. System Hacking

It is to evaluate whether the ML algorithm is able to predict with high accuracy or not before deployment.

Supervised, unsupervised and re-enforcement

The dataset provided to the model ML. algorithm after training the algorithm.

Problem Scoping, Data Acquisition, Data Exploration, Modeling, Evaluation

Fill in the blank: Neural Network is a mesh of multiple Hidden Layers / Layers.

The analogy of an Artificial Neural Network can be made with Parallel Processing.

1. The young man said to his spiritual teacher.

2. The teacher said to the young man.

3. The teacher said to the young man. 

4. The teacher said to the young man.

कस्बा (Town) कस्बा नगरीय गाँव की अपेक्षा एक बड़ी इकाई है। इसमें मकान सटे हुए, सड़कें तंग तथा गलियाँ सँकरी होती हैं। ये कस्बे सड़क मार्गों के संगम या रेलपथ पर स्थित होते हैं। इसके दो क्षेत्र होते हैं- आवासीय एवं व्यावसायिक। नगरों से इसका पृथक्करण जनसंख्या के आधार : पर किया जाता है। सामान्य रूप से इनकी जनसंख्या 5,000 से 10,000 व्यक्ति तक मानी गई है।

नगर (City) नगर उस क्षेत्र को कहते हैं, जहाँ विशाल जनसमूह निवास करता है, जो समीपवर्ती क्षेत्र से अतिरिक्त उत्पादक वस्तुएँ एकत्रित करता है तथा आर्थिक, व्यापारिक, धार्मिक तथा राजनीतिक क्रिया-कलापों का केन्द्र होता है। 50 हजार से 10 लाख तक की जनसंख्या रखने वाली बस्ती को प्रायः नगर कहा जाता है। नगर अपने समीपवर्ती क्षेत्र से आर्थिक शक्ति ग्रहण कर तेजी से विकसित होते हैं। नगर वस्तुतः एक विशिष्ट प्रकार का सामाजिक संगठन होता है। नगरों के विकास का आधार उद्योग-धन्धे तथा व्यापारिक गतिविधियाँ होती हैं।

जनसंख्या की द्रुत गति से वृद्धि की दो समस्याएँ निम्नलिखित हैं –

⦁    खाद्य पदार्थों की समस्या – जिस गति से जनसंख्या की वृद्धि हुई है, उसी अनुपात में खाद्यान्न उत्पादन में वृद्धि नहीं हो पायी है। फलस्वरूप विश्व की आधी से अधिक जनसंख्या का जीवन-स्तर निम्न, कुपोषण और दरिद्रता से भरा हुआ है।

⦁    बेरोजगारी एवं सामाजिक अव्यवस्था – जनसंख्या में द्रुत गति से वृद्धि के कारण सीमित प्राकृतिक संसाधनों पर भारी दबाव पड़ा है, जिससे बेरोजगारी के साथ-ही-साथ समाज में असन्तोष भी बढ़ रहा है। कानून और प्रशासन की समस्या उत्पन्न हो गयी है। आर्थिक और सामाजिक अपराधों में वृद्धि हुई है तथा उग्रवाद प्रबल हुआ है। मदिरापान और जानलेवा अन्य नशीले पदार्थों का सेवन भी बढ़ी है।

जनसंख्या के स्थानान्तरण को प्रवासकारी एवं आवासकारी शक्तियाँ प्रभावित करती हैं।

जनसंख्या के एक प्रदेश से दूसरे प्रदेश में प्रवसन को जनसंख्या का स्थानान्तरण कहते हैं। यह दो प्रकार का होता है –

⦁    प्रवास अर्थात् मानव को एक स्थान से दूसरे स्थान को जाना तथा
⦁    आवास अर्थात् मानव को बाहर से किसी प्रदेश के अन्दर आना। किसी क्षेत्र से जनसंख्या का प्रवास निम्नलिखित कारणों से होता है –
⦁    बाढ़, अकाल, भूकम्प जैसी प्राकृतिक आपदाओं के कारण किसी क्षेत्र की जनसंख्या अन्यत्र स्थानान्तरण करती है।
⦁    प्राचीन काल में बड़े पैमाने पर हिमानीकरण होने पर भी जनसंख्या का स्थानान्तरण हुआ।
⦁    जब किसी क्षेत्र में जीविकोपार्जन के साधनों की कमी हो जाती है तो वहाँ के लोग अन्य क्षेत्रों में प्रवास करते हैं।

⦁    धार्मिक कारणों से भी मिशनरी लोग अन्य देशों में प्रवास करते हैं।
⦁    किसी देश के विभाजन के फलस्वरूप भी जनसंख्या का स्थानान्तरण होता है।
⦁    पर्यटक, खिलाड़ी, कलाकार, संगीतज्ञ आदि भी किसी दूसरे देश से आकर्षित होकर प्रवास करते हैं और वहीं बस जाते हैं।
⦁    प्राचीन तथा मध्य युग में अनेक आक्रान्ताओं ने दूसरे देशों पर आक्रमण किये और वहीं बस गये।
⦁    व्यापार के उद्देश्य से अंग्रेज, डच, फ्रांसीसी आदि लोगों ने एशियाई तथा अफ्रीकी देशों में प्रवास किया।

जनसंख्या का आवास भी अनेक कारणों से होता है, जिनमें मुख्य हैं –

⦁    प्राकृतिक रूप से सुरक्षित स्थानों पर जनसंख्या का बसना।
⦁    किसी क्षेत्र में उपलब्ध आर्थिक सुविधाओं का आकर्षण।
⦁    धर्म-प्रचार के लिए किसी देश में स्थायी रूप से बस जाना।
⦁    राजनीतिक कारणों से किसी देश में लोगों का शरण लेना।

उपर्युक्त प्रवास या आवास अनेक प्रकार के होते हैं –

⦁    दीर्घकालिक और अल्पकालिक
⦁    अन्तर्महाद्वीपीय, अन्तर्देशीय, अन्तर्राज्यीय तथा स्थानीय
⦁    स्थायी और अस्थायी तथा
⦁    बड़े पैमाने पर और छोटे पैमाने पर।

When we all care only for what our conscience says, then alone can we be regarded to have stepped onto the moral road.

It should be from an authentic source, and accurate. Look for redundant and irrelevant data parameters that does not take part in prediction.

When a man, out of pity for the poor, feeds them, it is a moral act. When he does the same act with the motive of earning prestige, the action is no longer moral.

The type of data to collect, It should be relevant data.

Non-moral action.

When he quotes Shakespeare, Gandhiji wants to emphasize the point that any action, even one of showing love, done with a profit motive, ceases to be a moral action. Honesty should be resorted to, not because it dies the best policy of all, but because it is the right policy.

Simple living becomes moral when the person, although wealthy, thinks of all the want and misery in the world about him and feels that he ought to live a plain, simple life and not one of ease and luxury.

Problem scoping, Evaluation

David Webster had great intellect and a wonderful sense of the heroic and the sublime.

When the employer sympathizes with his employees or pays them higher wages lest they leave him, his action remains non-moral.

Alexander’s conquests cannot be called moral actions because the intention behind all of them was only power and renown.

a.  She desired to burn the glories of heaven with the torch

b.  She desired to extinguish the fires of hell with the vessel of water.

c.  She wanted people to learn to serve God from love along without fear of hell and without the temptation of heavenly bliss.

He says that there is no morality in a person’s act if he rises early out of the fear that, if he is late for his office, he may lose . his situation. Similarly, there is no morality in his living a simple and unpretentious life if he has not the means to live otherwise.

It is difficult to judge the morality of a man’s action because we cannot penetrate the depths of his mind.

He once sold his intellectual’ integrity for a price.

1. Vegetables have been fetched from our farm.

2. Don’t talk back.

Artificial Neural Network: Modeled in accordance with the human brain, a Neural Network was built to mimic the functionality of a human brain. The human brain is a neural network made up of multiple neurons, similarly, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is made up of multiple perceptrons.

A neural network consists of three important layers:

Input Layer: As the name suggests, this layer accepts all the inputs provided by the programmer.

Hidden Layer: Between the input and the output layer is a set of layers known as Hidden layers. 

In this layer, computations are performed which result in the output.

There can be any number of hidden layers

Output Layer: The inputs go through a series of transformations via the hidden layer which finally results in the output that is delivered via this layer.

The narrator tells us that if you have to speak even a single word, that word must pass through two fences (walls). The first one is of our two rows of the teeth and the second is of our two lips. Before a word can be spoken, it has to pass/ pierce through these two fences or walls. Therefore we must think carefully before we utter a word or speak something.

⦁    किसी देश के विभाजन के कारण जनसंख्या स्थानान्तर सर्वविदित है; जैसे कि भारतपाकिस्तान बनने पर हुआ था।

⦁    प्राकृतिक आपदा, जैसे बाढ़ व अकाल में भी जनसंख्या स्थानान्तर कर जाता है।

सही विकल्प है (घ) ये सभी

नगरीय समस्याओं के निराकरण हेतु निम्नलिखित दो उपाय किये जा सकते हैं –

⦁    नगरों की सीमाओं का निश्चित परिसीमन किया जाए, जिससे उनमें असामान्य रूप से वृद्धि न हो सके और कृषि-भूमि का भी अतिक्रमण रुक सके।

⦁    ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में आधारभूत सुविधाओं तथा रोजगार के अवसरों में वृद्धि की जाए, जिससे नगरों की ओर जनसंख्या के पलायन को रोका जा सके।

सही विकल्प है (घ) ये सभी।

Gandhiji mentions six qualities of an action which qualify it to be called moral and the absence of which make it non-moral.

Many actions are done because they are a part of society’s conventions. Without such behavior, there will be anarchy in society. Such acts are non-moral.

An act to be called moral should spring from our own will. It should not be performed mechanically, without any discrimination or thought.

A good act is not a moral act if the person does not have the intention to do good. Results of our action should be left to God. Alexander, though called Great, was not moral.

There should be no self-interest behind a moral act. Even honesty cannot be practiced as the best policy. It should be the only policy.

An act done for consideration of comfort and personal happiness in another world is non-moral. That action is moral which is done only for the sake of doing good. St. Francis Xavier and St. Theresa has devoted souls who prayed to God because they loved him. Henry Clay and Daniel Webster lived virtuous lives but sacrificed their virtue just once, thereby negating all the good they had done.

Gandhiji concludes that judging the morality of a man’s action is very difficult since we cannot penetrate the depths of his mind.

1. A moral act should be free from fear and compulsion.

2. Even rising early out of fear of losing situation will render it nonmoral.

3. Similarly living a simple life because one doesn’t have the means to live otherwise is not a moral act.

4. An employer sympathizing with employees or paying them higher wages for fear that they would leave him is not performing a moral act.

Paragraph: 

Gandhiji says that a moral act should be free from fear and compulsion. He says that there is no morality whatsoever in a person’s act if he rises early out of the fear that, if he is late to his office, he may lose his situation. Similarly, there is no morality in his living a simple and unpretentious life if he has not the means to live Otherwise.

Plain, simple living would be moral if, though wealthy, the person thinks of all the want and misery in the world about him – and feels that he ought to live a plain, simple life and not one of east and luxury.

Likewise, it is only selfish and hot moral, of an employer to sympathize with his employees or pay them higher wages lest they leave him. It would be moral if the employer wished well of them and treated them kindly realizing how he owed his prosperity to them.

Mother Teresa who was known for her compassion and humanity, was born in 1910. (IS) She worked in the slums of Calcutta. (SS) She founded the Missionaries of Charity and rendered yeoman service to humankind. (SS) Her work was recognized nationally and internationally. (SS) She was honored with the Nobel Prize in 1979, and the Bharat Ratna in 1980. (SS) She passed away on 5th September 1997. (SS) In 2003, in a beatification ceremony, she was given the title of the ‘blessed’.(CS).

1. discovered; had swallowed 

2. asked; had happened 

3. was; did 

4. reached; had begun 

5. reached; was told; had left 

6. was; had thought 

7. refused; had stolen 

8. gave; thanked; said; had enjoyed; know; had not read; were.

9. thought; would leave; was; arrived; learned; had just left; had used.

10. came; said; had swallowed.

1. anarchy

2. fable

3. sadist 

4. penitent 

5. irrevocable

The wise man thought that you are the slave of your spoken word. Once you have spoken a word you cannot get it back whatever you do. Therefore you must be careful about the word that you choose for speaking. Once the word has left your lips, you will not be able to get it back; you cannot take it back; you cannot change it or control it.

a. Quality Education: 

i. Providing education remotely, leveraging hi-tech, low-tech and no-tech approaches; 

ii. Ensure coordinated responses and avoid overlapping efforts; 

iii. Ensuring return of students to school when they reopen to avoid an upsurge in dropout rates.

b. Reduced inequalities: 

i. Reduction of relative economic inequalities inequality in some countries having poorest and most vulnerable communities. 

ii. Improving the situations in countries with weaker health systems.

c. Life on Land: 

i. Prevention of Deforestation caused by humans and restoration of land 

ii. Preventions and cure of diseases that are transmissible between animals and humans.

d. No Poverty 

i. Creation of Strong social protection systems to prevent people from falling into poverty 

ii. Reduction of social exclusion, and high vulnerability of certain populations to disasters and diseases. 

iii. Responsible distribution of resources.

e. Clean Water and Sanitation 

i. To increase access to clean drinking water and sanitation mostly in rural areas. 

ii. Managing our water sustainably to manage our production of food and energy.

1. lit; was burning 

2. was making; went 

3. did not want; left 

4. was running 

5. were talking 

6. realized; was travelling 

7. was looking; found 

8. damage; ran 

9. was crossing; stepped; fell 

10. were watching T.V.; broke; stole

An Autobiography of a Wheel

I am very, very proud of myself, for I am considered to be one of the most important of man’s inventions. Yes, I am the wheel. 

It is said that my invention was the turning point in human civilization. Of course, no one knows exactly when I was invented and by whom. As soon as I was invented and perfected, there was a revolution in the manufacturing industry. I was used for everything and by everybody – right from the potter to the assembly line of super-luxury cars. Yes, and planes and helicopters too. I am even used to go into space.

I help human beings and animals to pull things. I make work easy for them. The principle on which I work is the basic principle in many mechanical devices. Many of the things that were invented