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The correct option is (b) 24.5.

3 Median – 2 Mean = Mode

3 × 26 – 2 Mean = 29

Mean = 24.5

• A social movement requires sustained collective action over time. Such action is directed against the state and takes the form of demanding changes in state policy or practice. Spontaneous, disorganised protest cannot be called a social movement. 
• Collective action must be marked by some degree of organisation. 
• This organisation may include a leadership. 
• This organised protest also needs a structure that defines how members relate to each other, make decisions and carry them out. 
• Those participating in a social movement also have shared ideologies and objectives. 
• A social movement has a general orientation or way of approaching to bring about (or to prevent) change. 

The sociological sense of minority implies that the members of the minority form a collectivity i.e. they have a sense of group solidarity, a feeling of togetherness and belonging. This is linked to disadvantage because the experience of being subjected to prejudice and discrimination usually heightens feelings of intra-group loyalty and interests.

(a) is organising 

(b) to 

(c) an old 

(d) The Taj Mahal 

(e) monuments 

(f) built 

(g) took 

(h) workers

• Reservations i.e. the setting aside of some places or seats for members of the Scheduled Castes or Tribes in different spheres of public life such as education, jobs in government service. 
• Caste Disabilites Removal Act of 1850 which disallowed the curtailment of rights of citizens due solely to change of religion or caste. 
• Constitution Amendment (Ninety Third Amendment) Act of 2005 for introducing reservation for the Other Backward Classes in institutions of higher education.

• Formation of nation-states as the principle form of political organisation.
• beginning of modern science of statistics. 

No; when light travels from a rarer to denser medium, its frequency remains unchanged. According to quantities theory, the energy of a light beam depends on frequency and not on speed

(i) Minerals are unevenly distributed in various regions of India.
(ii) Peninsular rocks contain most of the reserves of coal, metallic minerals, mica and many other non-metallic minerals.
(iii) Sedimentary rocks on the western and eastern flanks.
(iv) Rajasthan with the rock system of the peninsula has reserves of many nonferrous minerals.
(v) The vast alluvial plains of North India are almost devoid of economic minerals

(i) The non-coding sequence of DNA that are repeated several times in the genome of an individual are termed as repetitive DNA sequences. Whereas satellite DNA is one of the various categories of repetitive DNA sequences that contain highly repetitive DNA. Depending upon the number of repeats, satellite DNA is grouped as minisatellites, microsatellites, and minivariant repeats. 

(ii) Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) specify the amino acid sequence of one or more polypeptides, thus it transfers genetic information from DNA to ribosomes. Whereas transfer RNAs (tRNAs) read the genetic information present in form of triplets in the mRNA and transfer the appropriate amino acid from amino acid pool of cytoplasm to a growing polypeptide chain during protein synthesis. 

Developing A Positive Attitude 

Respected Principal, worthy teachers and my dear friends. Today I, Anamika a student of class XI of Noida Pubic school have got an golden opportunity to express my views on the advantages of developing a positive attitude. 

Positive attitude is a tool in our hands to enjoy a rewarding life. It ensures success, hygiene and longevity. It is said “We are what we think”. That is why having an optimistic attitude will help us a long way to maintain good physical as well as mental health. Also, an optimistic attitude creates a positive atmosphere around us which results in good relationships and friendships. It takes away all the negative thoughts from us and replaces them with positive vibes which help in overcoming any stressful situation. It will help us notice all the opportunities around us instead of brooding on the problems. Negative thinking is the mother of a stressful life. Where as positive thinking washes away all the stress from our lives and replaces it with motivation and energy which will further help us move on the path which leads to success. I would say only one thing – Be positive, be healthy. 

Thank You.

(i) In case of conductor Ag, the resistivity decreases with the fall of temperature from 300K to 60K. 

(ii) In case of semiconductor (or their alloys GaAs) the resistivity increases with the fall of temperature from 300K to 60K.

(i) If H⁺ ion concentration is more, pH will be less and vice-versa or pH of a solution is inversely proportional to H⁺ ion concentration or pH 5.2 log (H⁺). 

(ii) This solution is neutral. 

(iii) 1 M NaOH solution. 

(iv) When the pH in the mouth is below 5.5, bacteria present in the mouth produce acids by degradation of sugar and corrode the tooth enamel. It can be prevented by using tooth pastes which are generally basic. 

(v) As hydronium [H₃O]⁺ ion.

(i) If H⁺ ion concentration is more, pH will be less and vice-versa or pH of a solution is inversely proportional to H+ ion concentration or pH 5.2 log (H⁺).
(ii) This solution is neutral.
(iii) 1 M NaOH solution.
(iv) When the pH in the mouth is below 5.5, bacteria present in the mouth produce acids by degradation of sugar and corrode the tooth enamel. It can be prevented by using tooth pastes which are generally basic.
(v) As hydronium [H₃O]⁺ ion.

Principle : Biogas is produced as a product in anaerobic fermentation of biomass in the presence of water. 

The waste of living organisms like cow dung, various plant materials like the residue after harvesting of crops, vegetables waste and sewage etc. form biomass. 

During the decay of biomass, in the absence of oxygen, biogas is produced in the biogas plant. A slurry of cow dung and water is made in the mixing tank from where it is fed into the digester. In the digester tank, anaerobic micro-organisms decompose complex molecules of cowdung slurry and produce biogas.

The process is nuclear fission.

Substances are uranium, plutonium, thorium.

Advantages : 

(i) For a given amount of fuel, the amount of energy is released extraordinarily large. 

(ii) Nuclear power plants can be set up at any place.

Hazards : 

(i) Improper nuclear waste storage and disposal result in environment contamination. 

(ii) Further there is a risk of accidental leakage of nuclear radiation. 

The process is nuclear fission.  Substances are uranium, plutonium, thorium.
Advantages :
(i) For a given amount of fuel, the amount of energy is released extraordinarily large.
(ii) Nuclear power plants can be set up at any place.

Hazards :
(i) Improper nuclear waste storage and disposal result in environment contamination.
(ii) Further there is a risk of accidental leakage of nuclear radiation.

Genetics is the branch of biology that deals with the study of heredity and variations. 

Gregor Johann Mendel, garden pea. 

Garden pea plants were easily available / they grow in one season / fertilization was easy. 

Laws of Refraction

(i) The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal to the transparent surface at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane.

(ii) The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence in the first medium to the sine of the angle of refraction in the second medium is a constant for a given pair of medium and for a given wavelength of light.

n=sin i / sin r

Absolute refractive index of a medium is defined as the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum or air to the speed of light in the medium. It is denoted by n.

n=speed of light in air (c) / speed of light in medium (v)

Placenta is a special tissue that helps human embryo in obtaining nutrition from mother's blood.

Structure: This is a disc which is embedded in the uterine wall which contains villi on the embryo side of the tissue, and on the mother's side are blood spaces which surround the villi.

Function: It helps in nourishment of the embryo. It helps in exchange of gases by providing O₂ and removal of CO₂ from the foetus. It is also involved in removal of wastes generated by embryo through the placenta.

Laws of refraction of light: 

(a) The incident ray, the normal and the refracted ray at the point of incidence all lies in the same plane for the two given transparent medium. 

(b) The ratio of sine of angle of incidence (i.e., sin i) to the sine of angle of refraction (i.e., sin r) is always constant for the light of given colour and for the given pair of media.

Mathematically,  sin i/ sin r = constant = n₂

The constant ‘n’ is called refractive index of the second medium with respect to the first medium. Absolute refractive index of the medium is given by,

n = Speed of light in a vacuum (c) / Speed of light in medium (v)

Placenta - It is a disc embedded in uterine wall which contains villi on the embryo side of the tissue and blood space on mother side.

Function of placenta: 

(i) Provides nourishment to embryo from mother's blood 

(ii) Removal of waste from embryo to mother's blood.

(i) Ovary: It helps is the production of female gametes and female hormones.

(ii) Oviduct: It is a site of fertilisation and transfer female gamete from ovary.

(iii) Uterus: It helps in impiantation of zygote and nourishes developing embryo.

Structure of Placenta : It is a disc like structure embedded in the uterine wall connected to the embryo. It has villi on the embryo's side of the tissue and on the mother side, it has blood spaces, which surrounds the villi. 

Function of Placenta : It provides a large surface area for nutrients/glucose and oxygen to pass from the mother's side to the embryo and waste substances from the embryo's side to mother's blood.

(a) Ovary : 

(i) Production of female hormone 

(ii) Production of female gamete

(b) Oviduct : 

(i) Transfer of female gamete from the ovary 

(ii) Site of fertilization

(c) Uterus : 

(i) Implantation of the zygote 

(ii) Nourishment of the developing embryo

(i) ovary - Releases egg/ female gamete/ ovum releases oestrogen/ female hormones

(ii) Oviduct - Transportation of ovum/ egg from ovary to the uterus/ Site of fertilization

(iii) Uterus - Development of embryo/ foetus

Every cell of the sporogenous tissue is a potential pollen mother cell (PMC) and can give rise to microspore tetrad,/pollen grains. Each microspore mother cell undergoes meiosis to form a cluster of four haploid cells, called microspore tetrad. As the anther matures, the microspores dissociates from one another from the tetrad and develop into pollen grains. The pollen grains are liberated at the two-celled stage in60% of angiosperms. In other species, the generative cell divides mitoticaily to form two male gametes and the pollen grains are three-celled during liberation. A mature pollen grain is two ceiled with a large vegetative cell and a small generative cell floating in cytoplasm of the vegetative cell. Vegetalive cell is bigger in size having abundant food reserve and a large irregularly shaped nucleus.

Pseudomonas denitrificans is the microbial source of vitamin B₁₂ under aerobic conditions.

Microbial Pesticides and their host range :

Primary treatment of sewage is the physical removal of particles. It involves removal of floating debris by sequential filtration and removal of the grit by sedimentation.

Steps Involved in rDNA Technology are :

 (a) Identifying the donor cell and isolating its DNA. 

(b) Fragmenting the DNA using 'molecular scissors' (restriction enzymes).

(c) Screening the fragmented DNA for the desired gene.

(d) Inserting the desired DNA fragment into a cloning vector to produce the recombinant DNA.

(e) Introducing the recombinant vector organism in the desired host cell.

(f) Culturing the recombinant cells to obtain multiple copies of the desired DNA fragment. 

(g) These DNA fragments are then used to transform desired host cells where the expression of the gene is desired.

Lencho was not at all justified in calling them ‘a bunch of crooks because they helped him by collecting money and helping him.

(a) that the poet has got a place in the world where The sky is full of the sun and the stars and the universe is full of life .

(b)  The world is swayed by eternity's rushing tide rising and falling. the poet is unable to understand the concept of the nature.

(c)  He had touched the blades of the grass . There is a sweet fragrance of the flowers

(d)  Personification, alliteration

It is an asset that the borrower owns and uses this guarantee to a lender until the loan is repaid.

To buy up local companies and then to expand production.

Right To Information

Right to Seek Redressal

Source: Streptococcus. 

Streptokinase is a clot buster, i.e., it removes clot from the blood vessels of patients who had a heart attack.

Wuchereria bancrofti/W. malayi causes filariasis in humans

Symptoms: Chronic inflation of the lymphatic vessels of the lower limbs and gross deformities of genital organs. 

This disease is transmitted through the bite of female mosquito vectors/Culex mosquito.

1. Since bond dissociation energy of F₂ is lower than Cl₂ moreover fluorine forms stronger bond with nitrogen due to comparable size.
2. Due to inert pair effect Bi in +3 state is more stable than +5 state. Therefore, in +5 oxidation state it accepts two electrons to get reduced to +3 state.
3. Due to small size of fluorine, there is strong lone pair-lone pair repulsion between two F atoms hence its bond enthalpy is lower than Cl₂.

(a) (i) Calculated amount of lime is added to hard water. It precipitated out as CaCO₃ and Mg(OH)₂

(ii) NaH, LiH, BeH₂. Any one correct example. 

(b) Tritium OR ³H₁

i. In spite of many conflicts, the states of South Asia recognize the importance of peace and cooperation and friendly relationship among themselves. 

ii. (SAARC) is a major initiative of South Asian States to evolve cooperation through multilateral means. 

iii. SAARC countries signed the South Asian Free Trade (SAFTA) 

iv. Although India – Pakistan relations seems to be a story of endemic conflict and violence, there have been a series of efforts to manage tensions and build peace. 

v. The two countries have started many confidence building measures to reduce the risk of war. 

vi. US is increasingly acting as a moderator between India and Pakistan. 

Sri Lanka comprises of various communities and diverse population which signifies its complex ethnicity like:

There was the distribution due to language and religion. The major social groups are the Sinhala - speakers 74% of the population and 18%of the population are the Tamil speakers. The Tamils also have sub - groups. 

The Tamil natives of the country are called 'Sri Lankan Tamils '( 13%).The rest, whose forefathers came from India as plantation workers during colonial period, are called 'Indian Tamils'. 

Most of Tamils are Hindus and Muslims. Most of Sinhala speakers are Buddhists. There are about 7 % Christians, who are both Tamil and Sinhala.

Yes, Brass is an alloy of Copper and zinc.

Explanation:

Copper and zinc are the components of brass. Which can be varied to achieve varying mechanical and electrical properties.