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Cooperationinvolves individuals or groups working together for the achievement of their individual collective goals.

Fairchild 'cooperationis the process by which individuals or groups combine their effort, in a more less organized way for attainment of common objective.

The electron is a subatomic particle, symbol e⁻ or β⁻ , whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge. Electrons belong to the first generation of the lepton particle family, and are generally thought to be elementary particles because they have no known components or substructure.

elections is the opportunity to people of country or state to choose their representatives from particular party or group of people. In India elections are generally scheduled for each 5 years.

Anelectionis a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold public office. ... To elect means "to choose or make a decision", and so sometimes other forms of ballot such as referendums are referred to aselections, especially in the United States.

election is the way where people choose their leader for country or state.

An electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle. It can be either free (not attached to any atom), or bound to the nucleus of an atom. Electrons in atoms exist in spherical shells of various radii, representing energy levels. ... The charge on a single electron is considered as the unit electrical charge.

selection is a way where people choose their leader for country

Anelectionis a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold public office. ... To elect means "to choose or make a decision", and so sometimes other forms of ballot such as referendums are referred to aselections, especially in the United States.

Anelectionis a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold public office. ... To elect means "to choose or make a decision", and so sometimes other forms of ballot such as referendums are referred to aselections, especially in the United States.



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Election - Wikipedia

Anelectionis a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold public office. ... To elect means "to choose or make a decision", and so sometimes other forms of ballot such as referendums are referred to aselections, especially in the United States.

Minoan

Some of the best-known civilizations of prehistoric Europe were the Minoan and the Mycenaean, which flourished during the Bronze Age until they collapsed in a short period of time around 1200 BC. The period known as classical antiquity began with the emergence of thecity-statesofAncient Greece.

Direct electionis a system of choosing political officeholders in which the voters directly cast ballots for the person, persons, or political party that they desire to see elected. The method by which the winner or winners of a direct election are chosen depends upon theelectoral systemused. The most commonly used systems are theplurality systemand thetwo-round systemfor single-winner elections, such as a presidential election, andparty-list proportional representationfor the election of alegislature

Anindirect electionis anelectionin which voters do not choose betweencandidatesfor an office, but elect people who then choose. It is one of the oldest forms of elections, and is still used today for manypresidents,cabinets,upper houses, andsupranational legislatures. Presidents and prime ministers can be indirectly elected by parliaments or by a special body convened solely for that purpose. The election of the executive government in mostparliamentary systemsis indirect: elect the parliamentarians, who then elect the government including most prominently theprime ministerfrom among themselves. Upper houses, especially of federal republics, can be indirectly elected by state legislatures or state governments. Similarly, supranational legislatures can be indirectly elected by constituent countries' legislatures or executive governments.

money is accepted as a medium of exchange because it serves as a common mode through which people can buy what they want and sell what they have . It also acts as an intermediate in the exchange process.

Coins emerged as a means of exchange.

Objects that occurred rarely in nature and whose circulation could be efficiently controlledemerged as units of valuefor interactions and exchange. These included shells such as mother-of-pearl that were widely circulated in the Americas and cowry shells that were used in Africa, Europe, Asia and Australia. Native copper, meteorites or native iron, obsidian, amber, beads, copper, gold, silver and lead ingots havevariously served as currency. People even usedlive animals such as cowsuntil relatively recent timesas a form of currency.The Mesopotamian shekel – the first known form of currency – emerged nearly 5,000 years ago. The earliest known mintsdate to 650 and 600 B.C. in Asia Minor, where the elites of Lydia and Ionia used stamped silver and gold coins to pay armies.The discovery of hordes of coins of lead, copper, silver and gold all over the globe suggests that coinage – especially in Europe, Asia and North Africa – was recognized as a medium of commodity money at the beginning of the first millennium A.D. Thewide circulation of Roman,Islamic, Indian and Chinese coinspoints to premodern commerce (1250 B.C. - A.D. 1450).Coinage as commodity money owes its success largely to its portability, durability, transportability and inherent value. Additionally, political leaders could control the production of coins – from mining, smelting, minting - as well as their circulation and use. Other forms of wealth and money, such as cows, successfully served pastoral societies, but weren’t easy to transport – and of course were susceptible to ecological disasters.Money soon became an instrument of political control. Taxes could be extracted to support the elite and armies could be raised. However, money could also act as a stabilizing force that fostered nonviolent exchanges of goods, information and services within and between groups.

The first Indiancoins– punch markedcoins calledPuranas, Karshapanas or Pana – were minted in the 6th century BC by the Mahajanapadas (republic kingdoms) ofancientIndia. These included Gandhara, Kuntala, Kuru, Panchala, Shakya, Surasena, and Saurashtra.

Democracies are mainly the government of the people where the supreme power is vested on the people but exercised by the rulers elected by the people. Democracies encourage political participation of all people through voting and election. People of all caste, religion, sex, language etc are given the right to vote.The political institutions in democracies such as the executive and legislature derives its power from the people.This clearly signifies that democracies are based on political equality.

Right to Equality. The Constitution says that the government shall not deny to any person in India equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws. It means that the laws apply in the same manner to all, regardless of a person's status. This is called the rule of law.

Democracy is commonly associated with political equality

Demorcacy gives political equality by granting every individual the right to vote.

All citizens have equal rights to influence decision-making and have equal access to political power.

The constituent assembly was called as the representative body of the people of India. The Constituent Assembly of India was proposed by M.N.Roy in 1934 and was officially demanded by the Indian National Congress in 1935.

In 1946, under the Cabinet Mission Plan, elections were held for the first time in the Constituent Assembly and the Constitution of India was also drafted under the Cabinet Mission Plan.

The total number of elected members of the Constituent Assembly was 389, with representatives from different states, princely states, and from the chief commissioner provinces.

The Constituent Assembly was a sovereign body with representatives belonging to different religions like Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, conservative industrialists, radical Marxists, Hindu revivalists, irrespective of gender and class bias.

freedom and fighter almost but i cant know

Democracies are mainly the government of the people where the supreme power is vested on the people but exercised by the rulers elected by the people. Democracies encourage political participation of all people through voting and election. People of all caste, religion, sex, language etc are given the right to vote.The political institutions in democracies such as the executive and legislature derives its power from the people.This clearly signifies that democracies are based on political equality.

Almost every country in the world has social diversities in respect to caste, race, religion, language, etc.

Democracy is considered to be the most suitable form of government to accommodate these diversities. It aims at giving equal rights and opportunities to all the citizens.Democracy is not simply rule by majority opinion. The majority always needs to work for minority. Democracy does not believe in any kind of discrimination among citizens on grounds of caste, religion, colour, sex, race, etc. It accommodates all social diversities.

A representative democracy is a system of government in which all eligible citizens vote on representatives to pass laws for them.In this democracy people chooses a representative via voting to pass the law and rule.

Almost every country in the world has social diversities in respect to caste, race, religion, language, etc.

Democracy is considered to be the most suitable form of government to accommodate these diversities. It aims at giving equal rights and opportunities to all the citizens.

Democracy is not simply rule by majority opinion. The majority always needs to work for minority.

Democracy does not believe in any kind of discrimination among citizens on grounds of caste, religion, colour, sex, race, etc. It accommodates alLsocial diversities.

for cat=milk ,biscuit lion=meat, pigeon= jwala lizard=insect cockroach=the small particle horse=grass

Cat-milk,fishLion-meatPigeon-rice grainLizard-insectcockroach-tine particalsHorse-

✴️Horse eat green grass

We cannot live without water. Saving water helps to preserve our environment. It reduces the energy required to process and deliver water, which helps in reducing pollution and in conserving fuel resources. Saving water now means having water available in the future for recreational purposes, too.

Rat hole mining is a process of digging holes to make narrow tunnels to extract coal. It is a illegal process which is still practiced in some north eastern region.

Rat hole mining can be done in two ways:-1.Side cutting :-The tunnel is dug from a side of a hill and this tunnel give access to the miners to extract coal reserves.2.Box Cutting :- Narrow tunnel are dug vertically to the ground and through this tunnel many horizontal tunnel are dug at different height which give access to the miners for coal mining.

To stop the spread of plague, rat hunt was started in 1902. Vietnamese workers were hired for the task and were paid for each rat being caught. People began to catch rats in thousands. The payment was done when a tail of a rat was shown as a proof that a rat had been killed.

1) Use every drop.Learn to repurpose water. One easy way is to capture under your colander the potable water you use to rinse fruits and veggies, and deposit it in the garden. Do the same while you wait for your hot water to come in.

2) Double-dip dishes.Take a page from the past and make smart use of dual sinks. Instead of letting the water run while you wash dishes, fill one sink with hot, soapy water for washing, and the other with cool, clear water for rinsing.

3)9. Water by hand.Consider hand watering if you have a small garden area. Households that manually water with a hose typically use 33 percent less water outdoors than those that use an automatic irrigation system,

The Human Development Index is a statistic composite index of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores a higher HDI when the lifespan is higher, the education level is higher, and the GNI per capita is higher.

Full form of CID is Criminal Investigation Department.

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According to the National Population Policy draft prepared in 1997 by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, the goal of total fertility rate (TFR) of 2.1 will be achieved by the year 2010. But, according to the pro­jections made by the Registrar General, the TFR of 2.1 would not be reached before the year 2026, if the existing demographic trends contin­ued. This shows how lackadaisical the government and the nation have been in controlling the population growth.

The post-World War in period (i.e., period after 1945) is generally referred to as a period of population explosion in demographic parlance. It is a pe­riod in which the world population including population in India, experienced unprecedented and accelerated growth leading to Population explosion. For example, while India’s population was estimated to be 100 million in 1600 A.D., it was 120 million in 1800, 238.4 million in 1901, 361.1 million in 1951, 846.3 million in 1991, and estimated to be 100 million in August 1999.

This means that while it in­creased by 20 per cent in 200 years between 1600 and 1800 A.D and by about 100 per cent (exactly 98.66%) in next 100 years between 1800 and 1901, it increased by 319 per cent in the following 99 years (or say about 100 years between 1901 and 1999).

The phenomenon of galloping population in India has the following aspects:

i. Every sixth person on the globe today is an Indian, and by the turn of the century, every fifth living person will be an Indian.

ii. India adds 46,500 persons to its population every day.

iii. Addition to India’s population is an equivalent of a Chandigarh (with 6, 40,725 population) in nine days, two Bhopal’s a month, and an Aus­tralia (with 18.52 million population) every eight months. During 1981-91, addition to the population was to the tune of 163 million, equaling to little less than the combined population of France (58.683 million), Britain (58.649 million) and Italy (57.369 million).

iv. By 2035, India would overtake China as the world’s most populous nation. While the rate of annual population growth in India is 3.5 per cent, in China it is 2.1 per cent. Thus, while China’s population would double in 60 years, India’s population would double in 34 years.

Population distribution means the pattern of where people live.

Ans :- Migration is the movement of people across regions and territories. Migration can be internal (within the country) or international (between the countries). Internal migration does not change the size of the population but influences the distribution of population within the nation. Migration plays a very significant role in changing the composition and distribution of a population.

Social, Cultural and Economic FactorsSocial:Areas with better housing, health facilities and education are more populated e.g., Pune. Better transport facilities also contribute to the increased population of any region.Cultural:Places with cultural or/andreligious import attract people. Example: Varanasi, Jerusalem and Vatican city.Economic:Industrial areas offer employment opportunities. A large number of people make their way into these areas. Examples: Mumbai in India and Osaka in Japan.

The copyright in a derivative work covers only the additions, changes, or other new material appearing for the first time in the work. Protection does not extend to any preexisting material, that is, previously published or previously registered works or works in the public domain or owned by a third party.As a result, it is not possible to extend the length of protection for a copyrighted work by creating a derivative work. A work that has fallen into the public domain, that is, a work that is no longer protected by copyright, is also an underlying “work” from which derivative authorship may be added, butthe copyright in the derivative work will not extend to the public domain material, and the use of the public domain material in a derivative work will not prevent anyone else from using the same public domain work for another derivative work.

Therural–urban distributionis 68.84% and 31.16% respectively," Registrar General ofIndiaand Census Commissioner C Chandramouli said. The level of urbanisation increased from 27.81% in the 2001 Census to 31.16% in the 2011 Census, while the proportion ofrural populationdeclined from 72.19% to 68.84%

Urban local bodies come under municipalities. The urban local body governance has a 3-tier structure namely:

• Municipal corporation

• Municipal councils

• Nagar panchayats Their composition system is as follows:

- Reservation of seats for SCs and STs.

- Reservation of 1/3 seats for women.

- The tenure is a term of 5 years.

Stressed the importance of traditional institutions of societyConservative regimes were autocraticThey did not tolerate criticism or dissentThey imposed censorship laws to control freedom of expressionThey sought to curb activities that questioned the legitimacy of autocratic government

Phosphorus-32 (also known as P-32) treatment uses a radioactive form of sodium phosphate. Because P-32 is radioactive, it can be used to treat some diseases by injecting it into the body. When P-32 is injected into the bloodstream it collects in the bone marrow where it slows down the production of new blood cells.

After gaining an insight into World War-I from centenary exhibition, held by Imperial war Museum, I feel qualified to answer this question. So here are my 2 cents :P

Triple Military allianceSo I'll start with explaining Political situation of the region before war.

There existed a triple Military alliance between Germany, Italy and Austro-Hungary (marked in red) from 1882 on-wards.Each member promised mutual support in the event of an attack by any other power.

Italy's Stand :

Because Germany and Austria–Hungary had taken the offensive while the Triple Alliance was supposed to have been a defensive alliance, Italy did not enter into the war. Later on, Italy entered the conflict on the side of the Entente, declaring war against Austria–Hungary in May 1915 and Germany in August 1916.

Triple EntenteIt was the alliance linking France, Russian empire and finally Great Britain joining in 1907. All three of the Triple Entente entered it as Allies against the Central Powers Germany and Austria-Hungary.

It shows the web of alliance at that time, which is credited to be biggest cause of WWI. Germany's General envied British Naval fleet and its global dominance in trade. And due to tensions in Balkan region, it was already against Russia.

The period before 1914 was Peaceful but Politically very tensed and volatile.It all started with rather a Isolated event: On 27th June, 1994 a Serbian backed terrorist murdered the heir to Austro-Hungarian throne. A month later Austria-Hungry with encouragement from Germany declared war on Serbia. So other powers intervene, Russia decides to stand up for Serbia and Germany takes side with only reliable ally Austro-Hungary. These powers were ready to risk war to extend their national interests. Germany strikes first declaring war on Russia in east and France in the west.Germany Invaded Belgium to get to France.

Why Britain Joined in ?

Britain had no obligation to fight but they feared a victorious and hostile Germany which would then emerge as world power and threaten Britain's security and trade dominance. So for them World power was at stake. Also Britain had long promised to protect Belgium's neutrality.

So British Prime Minister Herbert Asquith gave an ultimatum to Germany to withdraw its troops from Belgium. Alas, there was no reply.

So on 4th August 1914, with its vast global empire, Britain declared war on Germany.

How did USA get in ?

The U.S. was an independent power and did not officially join the Allies. It closely cooperated with them militarily but acted alone in diplomacy.

However, When a German U-boat sank the British liner Lusitania in 1915, with 128 Americans aboard, Wilson said, "America is too proud to fight," and demanded an end to attacks on passenger ships. Wilson repeatedly warned the U.S. would not tolerate unrestricted submarine warfare, in violation of international law and of human rights. Wilson was under pressure from war hawks led by former president Theodore Roosevelt, who denounced German acts as "piracy".Wilson realized he needed to enter the war in order to shape the peace. Finally, United States entered the war in 1917 against German forces. Before entering the war, the US had remained neutral, though it had been an important supplier to Britain and other Allied powers. During the war, the US mobilized over 4,000,000 military personnel and suffered 110,000 deaths.

They become more open. The build relationships among rest of the countries in the world and try to be part of one world. They do it through trade, partnerships and through human relationships, arts etc.

They have to govern their countries well and satisfy their people's aspirations

They strengthen their internal defense. Their intention is that their internal and external forces don't threaten their governments.

the Russian armies were very badly defeated by the German army. Millions of Russian soldiers were captured or killed.Russian industry could not produce enough war materials. Soldiers went into battle without weapons and were told to pick up rifles from their comrades who were killed.the Russian railway network was very poor and it could not get food to the cities. Prices rose and people began to starve in the big cities of Petrograd and Moscow.To make matters worse the Tsar dismissed the commander-in-chief of the army in 1915 and took command himself. This was a terrible mistake. Now he got the blame for everything that went wrong.When Nicholas left Petrograd for the front, he relied on information about the situation in the capital from his wife. She often did not tell the truth and made out that everything was fine. In fact by late 1916 the situation was desperate.In December 1916 Rasputin was murdered by Russian nobles, and in February 1917 workers in Petrograd began to go on strike. Soldiers sent to deal with the strikers refused to obey orders.the Tsar tried to return to Petrograd, but his train was stopped. He was forced to abdicate and a Provisional Government took over

Ans :- The timing, immediately after the first world war, was to gain military power. The soviet government saw the need for a strong industrial economy in order to compete in war (rising importance of aircraft, extremely heavy battleships, army tanks and artillery, personal weapons, trucks and industrial farming to feed armies) and determined to convert Russia from a feudal agricultural economy into an industrialized economy.

Once the decision was made Stalin brutally implemented it sparing nothing and no-one to achieve the aim.

It is still surprising how well they succeeded though. Within 25 short years the Russian economy had changed from feudal agriculture to industrial so powerful it produced more tons of military tanks than any other nation, its own effective ground-attack aircraft, and much else to a point where it is easily arguable that Russia, with some logistical support from allied countries single-handedly won WWII.

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Moscow is the capital of russia

Moscow is the correct answer

Finland country won independence from Russiain 1917

finland got independence fron Russia on 1917

Finland is the country which won independence from Russia in 1917

Finland declared his independent on 6 December 1917

Finland country won independence from russian 1917

Finland is the correct answer of the given question

Finland is the most correct answer

Finland got independent by Russia

Finland won independence from Russia in 1917

FINLAND COUNTRY WON INDEPENDENCE FROM RUSSIA 1917

Finland won the independence from Russia in 1917

Finland is right answer .. this country won independence from Russia in 1917 .... so this is right answer

Finland won independence from Russia in 1917.

FINLAND win the independence in1917

Finland won independence from Russia in 1917

Finland was the contry wich got independence from Russia in 1917 !

Finland's Independence Day (Finnish: itsenäisyyspäivä, Swedish: självständighetsdagen) is a national public holiday, and a flag day, held on 6 December to celebrate Finland's declaration of independence from Russia in 1917.

finland is right answer

Finland got independence from Russia in 1917

Finland got independence from Russia in1917

Finland was granted its own parliament in 1906, and the first elections were held in 1907. Finland declared independence on 6 December 1917, and the Bolshevik government that seized power in the October Revolution in Russia recognised Finnish independence on 31 December 1917.Aug 29, 2019

Vladimir Putin ( present president )

Boris Yeltsin was the first president of Russia,Vladimir Putinwas second and fourth, and Dmitry Medvedev was the third. His duties are listed in the Russian Constitution. Inauguration of the President of Russia is done six years after the last inauguration (since 2000, this 7 May).

Vladimir putin is correct

Vladimir Putin is a right Answer

Vladimir Putin is correct answer of following question

Vladimir Putin is the right answer

a. Russia was part of the triple entente alliance that included Britain and France to fight the triple alliance comprising of Germany,Austria -Hungary and Italyb.. The war had a devastating effect on Russia, as its army faced heavy casualties,with over 7 million casualties by 1917.c. TheRussianarmy as they retreated also destroyed crops and buildings topreventthem from the enemy, but it effected the local Russian population, as itled todisplacementof over 3 million people in Russia.d. The war also impacted Russian industry, the supply of industrial goods to Russia from othercountrieswas also impacted.e. There was shortage of goods,equipmentsduring the course of the war.f. Many small scale workshops were shut down.g. As large supply of grains was sent to the Russian army, the country faced acute food shortages, By the winter of 1916, riots at bread shops took place.h. All this events madeTsaristregime highly unpopular.

The social, economic and political conditions in Russia before 1905 were variously beneficial and bad for the masses. 85% of Russia’s population was agriculturist, far more than France or Germany with 40-50%. Industry was existent, but sporadically. Most of this was privately owned. Workers either came from villages, or migrated to cities for employment in factories. The industrial sector had its fair share of trouble with strikes in the textiles industry in 1896-97 and the metals industry in 1902.

At this time, the peasant community was deeply religious, but did not care much about the nobility. They believed that land must be divided amongst themselves. Since this was not possible due to feudal rights, the peasants had their own unique commune wherein wealth was shared out according to each family’s needs.

Political parties were illegal before 1914. The Social Democratic Workers’ Party (1898) was hence, illegal. Interestingly, the socialists believed that the peasants were “natural socialists” in their policy of equitable distribution of wealth. However, the Bolsheviks under Lenin wanted a disciplined group, and not farmers, in the party. While theBolsheviks believed in controlling the number and quality of its members,the Mensheviks believed that the party should be open to all.

In the field of economic conditions, 1904 was a bad year for the workers. Due to rise in prices of essential goods, real wages decreased by 20%, leading to the famous St.Petersburg strike where 110,000 workers protested, demanding reduction in work hours and increase in wages. This strike started a series of events that are together known as the 1905 Revolution. During this revolution, there were strikes all over the country, universities closed down, and various professionals and workers established the Union of Unions, demanding the establishment of a constituent assembly.

These were the socio-economic and political conditions in pre-1905 Russia.

Thesocial,economicand politicalconditionsinRussia,before 1905 wasquite backward.Socialinequalitywasvery prominent among the working class. Workersweredivided on the basis of their occupation. Workers whose jobs needed skill and training considered themselves on a higher plane than the untrained worker.

The social, economic and political conditions in Russia before 1905 were variously beneficial and bad for the masses. 85% of Russia’s population was agriculturist, far more than France or Germany with 40-50%. Industry was existent, but sporadically. Most of this was privately owned. Workers either came from villages, or migrated to cities for employment in factories. The industrial sector had its fair share of trouble with strikes in the textiles industry in 1896-97 and the metals industry in 1902.

At this time, the peasant community was deeply religious, but did not care much about the nobility. They believed that land must be divided amongst themselves. Since this was not possible due to feudal rights, the peasants had their own unique commune wherein wealth was shared out according to each family’s needs.

Political parties were illegal before 1914. The Social Democratic Workers’ Party (1898) was hence, illegal. Interestingly, the socialists believed that the peasants were “natural socialists” in their policy of equitable distribution of wealth. However, the Bolsheviks under Lenin wanted a disciplined group, and not farmers, in the party. While theBolsheviks believed in controlling the number and quality of its members,the Mensheviks believed that the party should be open to all.

In the field of economic conditions, 1904 was a bad year for the workers. Due to rise in prices of essential goods, real wages decreased by 20%, leading to the famous St.Petersburg strike where 110,000 workers protested, demanding reduction in work hours and increase in wages. This strike started a series of events that are together known as the 1905 Revolution. During this revolution, there were strikes all over the country, universities closed down, and various professionals and workers established the Union of Unions, demanding the establishment of a constituent assembly.

These were the socio-economic and political conditions in pre-1905 Russia.