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Fertilisation is a process in which male and female fuse with each other, while TRANSFER of pollen GRAIN from anther to stigma is KNOWN is known as pollination.

Drug trials are designed to FOLLOW patients over time to determine the effect of the study drug. Participants often DROP out before study completion. If these dropouts are not included in analyses, randomized trials can generate false RESULTS. Consequently, intention-to-treat analysis — the inclusion of all participants in the analysis according to the group determined at randomization — has become the standard for CONTROLLED trials. As part of this analysis, methods are USED to estimate the missing data for patients who have dropped out.


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In an example using two PARENTS, heterozygous for each of the melanin-producing genes (AaBbCc X AaBbCc), it is possible to SEE how the additive effects and combinations of alleles results in all the possible genotypes.

Human skin COLOR chart

In this SIMPLIFIED example, there are 64 possible allele combinations, which result in the production of 7 different colored skin tone

Restriction enzymes are DNA-cutting enzymes found in bacteria (and harvested from them for USE). Because they cut within the MOLECULE, they are OFTEN called restriction endonucleases. In order to be able tosequence DNA, it is first necessary to cut it into smaller fragments.

Food security is affected during CALAMITIES like DROUGHT,floods etc.
1)It creates shortage of food.
2)It increases the shortage of food.
3)It affects the overall supply of the food.
4)Due to hike in PRICES poor become the worst target as they cannot afford.
5)If this situation prevails for a long time it leads to STARVATION deaths and famine.

Producer is an orgamisn that produces it's own food e.g. photosynthesis in plants. Also known as the BASE of the food-chain. CONSUMER is an organism that consumes (eats) either a producer or ANOTHER consumer e.g. animals will solely EAT plants (herbivore) , soley animals (carnivore), or a combation of both (omnivore).

Each heme group contains an IRON ATOM, and this is RESPONSIBLE for thebinding of oxygen. The presence ofhemoglobin in blood increases the oxygen carrying ability of a litre of blood from 5 to 250 ML. Hemoglobinalso plays a major role in the transportof carbon dioxide from the TISSUES back to the lungs.

Homeostasis is maintained by therespiratory system in TWO ways: gas exchange and REGULATION of blood pH. ... As carbon dioxide exits the BODY, oxygen NEEDED for CELLULAR respirationenters the body through the lungs.

MRI scans show that after an eight-week course of MINDFULNESS practice, the brain's “fight or flight” center, theamygdala, APPEARS to shrink. ... The connection between the amygdala ANDTHE rest of the brain gets WEAKER, while the connections between areas associated with ATTENTION andconcentration get stronger.

Bogas or BIOGAS
if its biogas
then it can be USED as FUEL

Anaphase is STAGE of mitosis after the METAPHASE when replicated chromosomes are split and the daughter chromatids are moved to APPOSITE poles of the CELL in a fine manner.

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Centromeres separate and  also chromatids of each chromosome to move to opposite on the spindle.

Many factors can affect male fertility. If the sperm is otherwise healthy, PREGNANCY with low sperm motility can occur. Using a reproductive technology such as in VITRO FERTILIZATION or INTRAUTERINE insemination (IUI) can help increase the chance of pregnancy.

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The ANSWER is Protein may or may not be HEAVIER than DNA, because the reason is in the structure. DNA having so LONG structure like of 200 nucleotides will be heavier than a protein with few AMINO acids. Similarly Protein having tertiary and QUATERNARY structure are heavier than DNA, while secondary and primary may or may not be heavier than DNA.

Genetic linkage is the TENDENCY of DNA sequences that are close together on a chromosome to be inherited together during the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction. Two genetic markers that are physically near to each other are unlikely to be separated ONTO DIFFERENT chromatids during chromosomal CROSSOVER, and are therefore said to be more linked than markers that are far apart. In other words, the NEARER two genes are on a chromosome, the lower the chance of recombination between them, and the more likely they are to be inherited together. Markers on different chromosomes are perfectly unlinked.


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This study aims to characterize the infectious causes of ACUTE Febrile Illness (AFI) AMONG patients in District / Sub-District Hospitals / PHCs in India. It focuses on identifying PATHOGENS including parasite (LIMITED to malaria), bacterial, viral and other unknown causes of AFI.

efinition and Branches of Horticulture. Definition of Horticulture: Horticulture may be broadly DEFINED as the Science and art of growing fruits, vegetables and flowers and crops like spices condiments and other plantation crops. It is a science of cultivation of Garden plants.

Plants also have an IMPORTANT role in the beautification of urban and rural landscapes and RECREATION AREAS. Horticulture is socially important because it improves how we use plants, for food and other human purposes, as well as repairing the environment and PERSONAL aesthetics.

The relaxation or CONTRACTION of ciliary MUSCLES changes the CURVATURE of the eye lens. The change in curvature of the eye lens changes thefocal length of the EYES. Hence, thechange in focal length of an eye lensis caused by the action of ciliary muscles.

It is a strip of land that PROVIDES sufficient HABITAT to support WILDLIFE, often within an urban environment, THUS allowing the movement of wildlife along it .

1- monera

unicellular

prokaryottic

lack of WELL nucleus

eg. bacteria

2- protista

unicellular

eukbryotic

autotrophs,holozoic

eg-euglena

3- fungi

eukaryotic

multicellular

hetrotrophs

reproduce by spore formation

eg- agaricus

4-plantae

multicellular

green eukaryotes

autotrophs

eg-neem

5- animalia

multicellular

NON green eukaryotes

heterotrophs

eg- all ANIMALS

The stark OBSERVATION made in the Economic Survey of 2015-16 that “Indian agriculture, is in a way, a victim of its own past success – especially the green revolution”, shows the dark reality of the agriculture sector at PRESENT and the havoc that has been wreaked by the green revolution.
The green revolution, which is OFTEN characterised by the introduction of high-yielding variety of seeds and fertilisers, undoubtedly increased the productivity of land considerably. But the GROWTH in the productivity has been stagnant in recent years, resulting in a significant decline in the income of farmers. 



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The genetic MATERIAL of bacteria and plasmids is DNA. Bacterial viruses (BACTERIOPHAGES or phages) have DNA or RNA as genetic material. ... Expression of specific genetic materialunder a particular SET of growth conditions determines the observablecharacteristics (phenotype) of the ORGANISM.

The most commonly used cloning vectors are E. coli plasmids, small circular DNA molecules that include three functional REGIONS: (1) an origin of REPLICATION, (2) a drug-resistance gene, and (3) a region where DNA can be inserted without interfering with PLASMID replication or expression of the drug-resistance gene.

Some variations allow members of a SPECIES to survive and REPRODUCE better than others. If an organism has a TRAIT that helps it survive or reproduce, it is more likely to surviveand be able to reproduce. ... Most of an organism's TRAITS are PASSED on to its offspring.

Pure ALCOHOL

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To perform this FUNCTION effectively , leaves are adapted to maximising the ABSORPTION of carbon dioxide and SUNLIGHT .
The internal structure of leaves is also adapted to maximise the EFFICIENCY of exchange

They are CALLED HETEROTROPS.

The most COMMON species of these hydrogen sulfide-producing bacteria are Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Aeromonas, SALMONELLA, and ESCHERICHIA coli, but NUMEROUS other species are ALSO recognized as being capable of generating hydrogen sulfide.

The HEART is the organ that helps supply blood and oxygen to all parts of the body. It is divided by a partition or septum into two halves, and the halves are in turn divided into FOUR CHAMBERS. The heart is situated within the chest cavity and surrounded by a fluid filled sac called the pericardium. This amazing muscle produces electrical impulses that cause the heart to contract, pumping blood throughout the body. The heart and the circulatory system together FORM the cardiovascular system.

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It will become 5 litres as there MOVEMENT of intersiticial fluid which will COMPENSATE for DECREASE in volume

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Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus, while PROKARYOTIC cells do not. Differences in cellular STRUCTURE ofprokaryotes and eukaryotes INCLUDE the presence of mitochondria and chloroplasts, the cell wall, and thestructure of chromosomal DNA.

While cancer is by definition MALIGNANT, a tumor can be benign, precancerous, or malignant. The terms mass and NODULE are OFTEN used SYNONYMOUSLY with tumor. GENERALLY speaking, however, the term tumor is used generically, without reference to the physical size of the lesion.

Individual, organizational and ENVIRONMENTAL factors enhance or inhibit the QUALITY of medical services. Quality of medical services depends on the personal factors of the physician and patient, and factors PERTAINING to the HEALTHCARE setting and the broader ENVIRONMENT.

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INTERCALARY MERISTEM. In angiosperms,intercalated meri stems  occur only in monocot (in PARTICULAR, grass) stems at the BASE of nodes and leaf blades. Horsetails also exhibit intercalarygrowth. Intercalary meri steps  are capable of cell division, and they allow for RAPID growth and regrowth of many monocots.

Our TEARS contain a powerful, unique enzyme called LYSOZYME that can protect our body from harm.Lysozyme is a special enzyme found intears, saliva, sweat, and other body fluids. ... It destroys BACTERIA that ATTEMPT to enter our body through these passageways.

Offsprings in sexual reproduction have same no. of chromosomes bacause DNA CONTAINS chromosomes and at the time of division EQUAL no. of chromosomes are present in the divided DNA.

Around 1850 Britain had no forestry service and there was no formal training of foresters. Forestry was still practised in the context of estates mainly owned by the ARISTOCRACY and managed by foresters who had learned the traditional management TECHNIQUES under an apprentice system from their predecessors. British forestry was fragmented, not formalised, and FAR from centralised during the entire 19th century. Most of the forestry remained concentrated on large privately owned estates, especially in Scotland, where it served the double purpose of ornamental WOODS and, to a lesser EXTENT, wood production for local use.

ANSWER :

Laurel TREE is the tree which PRODUCES the SOUND of weeping on being CUT.