Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

i) short Rollno; 

ii) char name[20]; 

iii) float price; 

iv) short marks[12j;

Conditional operator (?:)

This ‘const’ key word is used to declare a constant, 

Eg. const int bp =100; By this the variable bp is treated as constant and cannot be possible to change its value during execution.

This two statements do not give same results. The first statement 41/2 gives 20 instead of 20.5. The reason is 41 and 2 are integers. If two operands are integers the result must be integer, the real part must be truncated. To get floating result either one of the operand must be float. So the second statement gives 20.5. The reason is 41 is integer but 2.0 is a float.

c) 1 (Unary means one)

a) 2 (binary means two)

(b) % is a mod operator i.e. it gives the remainder. Here the remainder is 13.

b) int k=100;

Initialisation

a) and c) are Arithmetic 

b) and d) are Logical

Campaign Against Child Labour
(by Usha, reporter the City Times)

Kota, 19th JulyChild Welfare Association conducted a campaign against child labour. Undoubtedly, it has been a success as the members of the association came on roads to pick out the children working at various tea-stalls, hotels, shops, etc. and arranged a guidance programme for their parents. This enabled them to understand the importance of education. The organisation itself promised suitable financial help for these children and their families from time to time. A warning for legal action was given to all the employers who engage any child labour at their workplaces. This practice has been banned by the court and the guilty are liable to be prosecuted.

कोटा, 19 जुलाई
Child Association ने बाल-श्रम के खिलाफ एक अभियान चलाया। नि:सन्देह यह एक सफलता रही है क्योंकि Association (संगठन) के सदस्यों ने सड़कों पर निकलकर उन बच्चों को उठाया जो विभिन्न प्रकार के कार्य-स्थलों, जैसे-चाय दुकान, होटल इत्यादि में कार्यरत थे और उनके (बच्चों के) माता-पिता के लिए मार्ग-प्रदर्शन योजना को व्यवस्थित किया। इस व्यवस्था ने उन्हें (माता-पिता को) शिक्षा के महत्व को समझने के योग्य बनाया। इस संगठन ने बच्चे और उनके परिवारों को समय-समय पर उपयुक्त आर्थिक सहायता देने का वादा किया। सभी नियोक्ताओं को जो अपने व्यापार के कार्य-स्थल में बच्चों को लगाते हैं, कानूनी चेतावनी दी गयी। बच्चों को कार्य में लगाने की यह व्यवस्था न्यायालय के द्वारा रोक दी गयी। और ऐसा करने वाले नियोक्ताओं के लिए दण्ड का प्रावधान किया गया है।

Good oral hygiene is essential for overall well-being

26 December 2020, Kota

There’s more to oral hygiene than just brushing your teeth. Here’s why it’s important and how to get it right.

Good oral health and a beautiful smile can enhance one’s confidence. Good oral hygiene implies that the teeth are clean; the gums are pink and do not bleed and absence of bad breath. Dental hygiene can pave the way for a healthier life.

Unfortunately, many people do not pay attention to oral hygiene due to busy stressful lifestyle, change in diets from tough fibrous food to soft refined food and increased incidence of systemic disorders.

Gum diseases caused by poor oral hygiene have been linked to systemic diseases, like cardiovascular diseases, stroke, pre-term delivery of babies and diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes and gum diseases have a two-way relationship. Uncontrolled diabetes leads to increased production of harmful substances in the blood, which have a destructive effect on gums. Similarly, products released due to gum disease cause an elevation in blood glucose level, which may require more medication or insulin. So, maintenance of good oral health by a diabetic can actually lower his/her dosage. Bacterial toxins from gum disease enter the bloodstream and contribute to blockage of a blood vessel, resulting in cardiac arrest and stroke.

End of Domestic Violence
(by Chitra, correspondent The Harmonial Times)

Agra, 5th August
A victim of domestic violence, Mrs Madhuri Jaiswal was given justice by the court. The efforts of ‘Nari Shakti NGO’ together with the determination of Mrs Jaiswal to come out of the web of continuous atrocities of her in-laws and husband bore fruit. Madhuri had been physically and mentally tortured by them since the day of her marriage. Her in-laws and husband were really greedy. They always kept demanding new luxuries from Madhuri and her parents. They threatened to kill her and even tried to do so. Finally, her patience gave up and she stood up to fight for her rights. Today her assailants are behind the bars. We salute the courage of Mrs Madhuri.

आगरा, 5 अगस्त
घरेलु हिंसा का शिकार श्रीमती माधुरी जायसवाल को न्यायालय के द्वारा न्याय मिला। श्रीमती जायसवाल के निश्चय तथा नारी शक्ति NGO के सामूहिक प्रयास से वह (श्रीमती जायसवाल) अपने सास, ससुर और पति के द्वारा लगातार हो रही क्रूरतापूर्ण व्यवहार से बाहर निकली और सफल हुयी। शादी के शुरू के दिनों से ही वह (श्रीमती जायसवाल) शारीरिक और मानसिक रूप से परेशान थी। उसके सास, ससुर और पति लालची थे। वे (सास, ससुर और पति) हमेशा माधुरी जायसवाल और उसके माता-पिता से नयी विलासिता सम्बंधी वस्तुओं की मांग करते थे। वे (सास, ससुर और पति) हमेशा श्रीमती जायसवाल को जान से मारने के लिए डराते धमकाते रहते थे और ऐसा करने का प्रयत्न भी किया। अंत में उनका (श्रीमती जायसवाल का) धैर्य जवाब दे गया और अपने अधिकार की लड़ाई के लिए वह उठ खड़ी हुयी। आज उन्हें (श्रीमती जायवाल को) तंग और परेशान करने वाले लोग जेल में बंद हैं। हम लोग श्रीमती जायसवाल के साहस को सलाम करते हैं।

Agents who collect information from the informants are called correspondents.

Statistics as ‘the science of counting’ and ‘the science of averages.

Statistics is the science of collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of numerical data.

Statistics is a science of collection, presentation, analysis and interpolation of numerical data. 

The correct answer is 1916.

• The extremists led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and the moderates led by Gopal Krishna Gokhale were reunited at the Lucknow session of the Indian national congress in 1916.
• The session was presided by Ambica Charan Mazumdar.

• Indian National Congress bifurcated in 1907 at Surat, which is famously called the Surat split.
• There were two factions- The extremists and The moderates.
• Lucknow session 1916
  • Reunion of the moderates and the extremists.
  • A Pact between the Muslim League and Congress for cooperation during the Khilafat movement and the Non-cooperation movement.
  • Congress agreed to separate electorates for Muslims.
• Khilafat Movement
  • Started in 1919 by Muslims to restore the Caliph of the Ottoman empire to his powers.
  • Caliph was regarded as the highest religious figure among the Muslims.
  • In India, the movement was led by the brothers Shaukat and Muḥammad ʿAli and by Abul Kalam Azad.
  • Joined forces with Gandhi's Non-cooperation movement.
  • Gandhi’s suspension of his movement and his arrest in March 1922 weakened the Khilafat movement.
  • The movement finally collapsed when the caliphate was abolished altogether in 1924.
• The Non-Cooperation movement
  • It was launched on 5th September 1920 by the Indian National Congress (INC).
  • It was led by Mahatma Gandhi.
  • Gandhi declared it as a non-violent non-cooperation movement.
  • Indians were asked to relinquish their titles and resign from nominated seats in the local bodies as a mark of protest.
  • People were asked to resign from their government jobs.
  • People boycotted foreign goods.
  • Indian goods were promoted.
• Causes 
  • Resentment against the British after the war.
  • Economic hardships due to World War I
  • Jallianwala Bagh massacre
  • On April 13, 1919, British troops fired on a large crowd of unarmed Indians in an open space known as the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar in Punjab.
  • Hundreds were Killed.
  • The Khilafat Movement
• Reason for withdrawal
  • Chauri Chaura incident
  • In Chaura Chauri, Uttar Pradesh, a violent mob set ablaze a police station killing 22 policemen during a clash between the police and protesters of the movement.
• Gandhiji called it off as it was primarily a non-violent movement.
• Indian National Congress
  •     Formed- 1885
  • Formed by- A.O Humes

The writings of Charaka and Sushrutha were the sources of learning of medicine - True

The factors that disturbed the religious sentiment of soldiers were:  

1. The soldiers in the British army were being given new rifles called Royal Enfield. The cartridge used in the rifles were greased with the fat of cow and pigs. The soldiers had to pull the safety catch with the help of their teeth. But, it was impossible for both the Hindu and Muslim soldiers, because cow was sacred for the Hindus, while pig was blasphemous for Muslims. This factor disturbed the religious sentiments for both the religions. 

 2. The another factor that disturbed the Indian religious sentiment, was that the soldiers were forced to cross the oceans to serve on foreign land.

• The British government passed the Hindu Widow Remarriage Act in 1856. 
• Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar argued for remarriage of widows.

Correct option is A) painters

Nationalism is the sense of unity that exists among the people of a nation irrespective of caste, creed, region and religion.

A population, in statistical terms, is the totality of things under consideration. It is the collection of all values of the  Variable that is under study. 

Data is simply the numerical results of any scientific  Measurement.

Numerical facts are usually subjected to statistical analysis with a view to helping a decisionmaker make wise decisions in the face of  Uncertainty.

If two series vary in such a way, that fluctuations in one are accompanied by the fluctuations in the other, these variables are said to be correlated. Like rise in price of a commodity, reduces its demand and vica-versa. 

Some relationship exists between age of husband and wife, rainfall and production. Two variables are said to be correlated if the change in one variable results in a corresponding change in the other variable. 

According to A. M. Tuttle, “Analysis of co-variation of two or more variables is usually called correlation”. 

Types of Correlation : Correlation can be of following types - 

(i) Positive and Negative Correlation : If changes in two connected series is in the same direction, i.e. increase in one variable is associated with increase in other variable, the correlation is said to be positive. For example increase in father‘s age, increase in son‘s age. 

If the two related series change in opposite direction i.e. increase in one variable is associated with the corresponding decrease in other variable, the correlation is said to be negative. 

(ii) Linear an Non-Linear : If the amount of change in one variable tends to bear constant ratio of change in the other variable, the correlation is said to be linear. We get a straight line if the variables of these series are marked on graph paper.

  Correlation would be called non-linear or curvilinear if the amount of change in one variable does not bear a constant ratio to the amount of change in the other variable. For example if we double the amount of rainfall the production would not necessarily be doubled.

(iii) Simple, Partial and Multiple Correlation :  When only two variables are studied, it is called simple correlation. 

If the common effect of two or more independent variables on one dependent data series is studied, it is called multiple correlations. For example if the study of rain, soil, temperature on potato production per acre is studied then it is multiple correlation. 

On the other hand, in partial correlation we recognize more than two variables, but consider only two variables to be influencing each other, the effect of other influencing variables being kept constant.

Degree of Correlation : The interpretation of co-efficient of correlation is based on the degree of correlation. The coefficient may be in the following degrees - 

(i) Perfect Correlation : 

a) Perfect positive correlation (r) = +1 

 b) Perfect negative correlation (r) = -1 

(ii) Absence of Correlation or No Correlation : 

          r = o 

(iii) Limited Degree of Correlation : 

(a) High degree positive or negative                ±0.75 to 1.00 

(b) Moderate degree positive or negative        ±0.25 to 0.75 

(c) Low degree positive or negative                 0 to ±0.25

a.  Women empowerment. 

b.  Universal Brotherhood. 

c.  Secular Education. 

d.  Revival of traditional arts. 

e.  Vocational education.

A. Bharat Mata. 

B. Abnindranath Tagore. 

C. Sathi. 

D. Nandalal Bose. 

E. Raja Ravi Varma. 

F. Painting of Village Life.

(i)   Hindu Widow Remarriage Act (1856). 

(ii)  Vernacular Press Act (1878). 

(iii) Partition of Bengal (1905). 

(iv) Haripura session of Indian National Congress (1938).

• To eradicate caste system. 
• To protect the rights of all people. 
• To promote the ideas of liberty, equality and freedom of thought. 
• To eliminate discrimination against women. 
• To promote widow remarriage. 
• To abolish child marriage and eliminate the supremacy of the clergy. 
• To provide education for all. 
• To oppose Brahmin domination. 
• To oppose evil practices. 
• To encourage interdining and intercaste marriage. 
• To work for the upliftment of women and backward classes.

In statistics,  Chronological  classification includes data according to the time period in which the items under consideration occurred. 

In statistics, Geographical classification groups the data according to locational differences among the items. 

By distrust of statistics we mean lack of confidence in statistical statements and statistical methods. It is often commented by people 

“Statistics can prove anything.” “There are three type of lies – lies, damned lies and statistics – wicked in the order of their naming.” 

The main reasons for such views are - 

a) Figures are convincing, and therefore people are easily led to believe them. 

b) Ignorance of limitation of statistics. 

c) Lack of test of accuracy. 

d) Contradiction of data from actual circumstances. 

e) Lack of specific ability to arrive at correct and appropriate results. 

f) Can easily be manipulated.

Statistical methods are used not only in the social, economic and political fields but in every field of science and knowledge. Statistical analysis has become more significant in global relations and in the age of fast developing information technology. 

According to Prof. Bowley, “The proper function of statistics is to enlarge individual experiences”.

Following are some of the important functions of Statistics : 

a) To provide numerical facts. 

b) To simplify complex facts. 

c) To enlarge human knowledge and experience. 

d) Helps in formulation of policies. 

e) To provide comparison. 

f) To establish mutual relations. 

g) Helps in forecasting. 

h) Test the accuracy of scientific theories. 

i) To study extensively and intensively.

The use of statistics has become almost essential in order to clearly understand and solve a problem. Statistics proves to be much useful in unfamiliar fields of application and complex situations such as :- 

a) Planning 

b) Administration 

c) Economics 

d) Trade & Commerce 

e) Production management 

f) Quality control 

g) Helpful in inspection 

h) Insurance business 

i) Railways & transport Co 

a) Banking Institutions 

b) Speculation and Gambling 

c) Underwriters and Investors 

d) Politicians & social workers

To prepare a generation that favors English life styles.

Compulsion to work with low wages.

Impose interest towards British culture.

To make people work under the British rule.

Vocational training during education would help to build up a good future.

Such a generation could resist the British.

Literature motivated Indian nationalism. Protest against British grew as a result of hatred. But literates and middle class showed different ways towards them.

They showed their resentments through articles, novels, plays and news papers.

Subrahmania Bharathi, Tagore, Premchand, Althaf Hussai Ali were the writers at that age. They wrote about the agonies and atrocities faced by the people.

By the 19^th century, English culture and ideologies began to intrude into Indian society. Some Indian leaders found it necessary to resist this cultural invasion.

Most of them were English educated Indians who internalized the concepts like democracy, liberty, rationalism, equality, scientific temper, socialism, civil rights, etc.

They ventured to reform the social customs and rituals prevailed in the country, thereby to defend the invasion of English culture.

They tried to reform Indian society, language, art and literature. It motivated to protest against inequalities and violation of rights and created a sense of unity among the people.

Have you ever thought on the influence of multinational companies in our daily life? There are mainly 10 multinational companies in India. Microsoft tops the list. American company Microsoft was established in 1991. The second one is IBM which brought drastic changes in the field of Information Technology.

Nestle is another one, which has a prominent place in our day to day life. Maggi, Nestle Milk, Kitkat Bon Bons, Nestea, etc. are the products. It has the third place in MNCs. P&G, the fourth one is for vicks, Ariel, olay, Parrtene, Tide, etc. These products have more than 600 million world wide consumers.

Next is Coco cola :

Lays, Kurkure, Cheetos, 7up, Pepsi all these are unavoidable for us. It is made by Pepsi Co. It came in 1960 and is in the sixth place. Next is ctti group, a venture in the banking sector. It has many branches in India.

T.V, mobile phones, cameras, head phones, memory cards etc. are the products of Sony corporation. Online provides software services part of multinational products. Laptop, desktop, tablet, monitor, printers all belong to the same company.

Apple INC stays for online services and electronic gadgets, i-phones, i-pad, i-pod are its contributions. Majoriy of food products and other items are the contributions of MNCs. Thus the importance of these companies are relevant in our day to day life.

(d) all of these

• Globalization : Protects the interests of multinational companies. Connected nation’s econorific system with global economic system. Trans border flow of products, raw materials, capital, latest technology and human resources facilitated.
• Liberalization : Adoption of liberal regulation to facilitate the import of multinational products and capital.
• Privatization : Privatization of public sector institutions to promote private sector.

• By utilizing international agencies America provided financial and military aids to countries of the world. 
• Extended military alliances. 
• Overthrew the governments disliked by America. 
• Media were used to promote America’s vested interests. 

Education was the major field which witnessed the conflict of 2 diverse interests.

• The British interest to gain political, economic and cultural hegemony over India.
• The Indian interest to free the country from political .economic and cultural domination of the British.

Education helped Indians fight against the British colonial hegemony over India as well as the social inequality that existed in India. Thus education created a nationalist perspective among the Indians. Establishing national educational institutions was the main means adopted for inculcating nationalism. They imparted secular education to all sections of the society.

Contributions of Dinabandhu Mitra: Social reforms, press, education, literature and art paved the way for the emergence of Indian nationalism. The Bengali writer Dinabandhu Mitra wrote the play ‘Nil Darpan’. It depicted the severe exploitation suffered by the indigo farmers in Bengal.

It was staged in many places and greatly influenced the people. The Indian Association started by Surendranath Banerjee campaigned for the welfare of the Bengali farmers taking cue from the issues depicted in Nil Darpan. This play triggered farmer’s unrest in various parts of the country.