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The graph of time series is called Historigram.

The curve drawn on graph paper by presenting variables of time series is called ‗Historigram‘, because it reveals the past history of data. A time series is an arrangement of statistical data in a chronological order with reference to occurrence of time. Time period may be a year, quarter, month, week, days, hours etc. Such graphs may be drawn on natural scale or ratio scale. 

When actual values of a variable are plotted on a graph paper, it is called absolute historigram. Absolute historigram can be of (i) one variable (ii) two or more variables. 

Index historigrams are obtained by plotting index numbers of actual values on a graph paper. If index numbers are not given, the same may be calculated of the original values. It shows relative changes.

A. True Skeletal muscle bulk increases with activity more than fat. 

B. True This explains the slow pulse rate seen in athletes. 

C. True This maintains resting cardiac output with the slower heart rate. 

D. True This is a good index of physical fitness. 

E. False Due to greater capacity to deliver oxygen to muscle, the reverse is true.

Correct answer is (a) To find out the exact problem 

Correct answer is (a) Relative amounts of body fat compared to lean tissue 

D. Cinematographer

Subrata Mitra was Cinematographer.

Day to day activities-attending calls, taking dictations, transcribing,, attending visitors etc.

a) Neural Networks tend to perform better with larger amounts of data. 

a) Machine learning is the study of computer algorithms that improve automatically through experience.

Correct option: a) Classification and Regression

c) In NLP, modelling requires data pre-processing only after which the data is fed to the machine.

Correct option: d) True Positive, False Positive

Correct answer is b) Supervised learning -> labelled data set, Regression 

Correct option: (d) Confusion Matrix

Self Driving Cars

1. The admitted fact was, co-operation is strength and disunity is weakness.

2. If each member of the team plays his own game, then the team will be defeated.

3. An army can win the battle if it works as one man.

4. Napoleon tried to split up the armies fighting against’him, then he would overcome them one by one.

Correct answer is (a) Props, equipment and activity are selected by the children 

c) The prediction is the output which is given by the machine and the reality is the real scenario in which the prediction has been made.

The image of the current whirling and flashing stands out as the most important. I think so because it represents man’s desire to explore and reach further and further.

Correct answer is (b) Age-appropriate 

I think where to travel interests him more as one of his main motivations is to get first-hand knowledge of various countries and their customs.

No, the three stanzas are not of equal length. The first stanza has 18 lines, the second 12 and the third only 6. The last  stanza is short when compared to the previous stanzas because in it the poet is giving us a piece of advice. In the other two stanzas he is describing the hills, the valley, the river, the lake and the beautiful sights and sounds there. Naturally they have to be longer. Descriptions take many lines, but a piece of advice does not have to be so long.

1. Dayananda Saraswathi says that our ancestors were great men who enlightened the world. 

2. According to Dayananda Saraswathi, history is the story of the conquerors of the world. 

3. Vedas are the immortal truths which shaped mighty souls like Sri Rama and Sri Krishna. 

4. The speaker advises us to arise, awake and be proud of our glorious history and to take inspiration from it to mould the present.

Stanza 1 : I stood upon the hills when the sky was glorious with the rays of the rising sun. The forests were brightened. Mild breezes were kissing the valleys brightened by the dawn. The clouds were under me. They were bathed in light and they gathered midway round the height covered with trees. Their glory was fading and they looked like armies defeated in battle. As the mist cleared away in the rising sun, many peaks with their sharp spear-like projections could be seen. 

On the cliff there was a dark pine moving in the wind. It was withered, without any leaves and was split here and there. Soon the veil of the clouds was lifted and below I could see the rich valley. The river was flowing and its water was sometimes darkened by the shade cast by the forest. But sometimes the water glistened in its downward flow. As the dawn broke into morning, a bittern (a bird belonging to the heron family) flew upward in a spiral way making a lot noise.

Stanza 2 : I heard the distant waters rush. I saw the current whirl and shine in the light. The lake was blue with a beach of sliver sand and near it the thick forest was bending as if to reach and touch the lake. Over the valley the gentle and melodious sound of the village bell was echoing on the hills. The sound of the screeching owl filled the forest. li?A/as as if the owl was replying to the merry, but faint shout sent out by the valley. Then thin smoke started coming out from the wooded valley through the thick leaved branches, probably from the huts of the people living in the valley.

Stanza 3 : If you are tired and are troubled with problems and sorrows that you want to forget, if you want to read a book that will prevent your heart from losing hope and wake up your soul with optimism, you should go to the forest and hills. The sweet look that Nature has is not dimmed by tears of any kind.

1. When the water was up to their necks, Socrates dunked the young man under the water.

2. As soon as the boy was out of water, the boy gasped and took a deep breath of air.

3. If the boy wants success as intensely as he wanted air underwater, then he would have it.

4. A burning desire is the starting point of all accomplishment. Just as a small fire cannot give much heat, a weak desire cannot produce great results.

Correct answer is (a) 17.31 

(d) 

1. King Ashoka was a kind, wise and righteous ruler.

2. Ashoka spent all his time thinking of the welfare of his subjects.

3. Ashoka had trees planted on either side of the road, wells dug by the roadside and had resthouses built for both men and animals.

4. His subjects could meet him at any time and in any place.

The process of manufacturing a fabric from different sets of yarns is termed as weaving.

Most flatbed knits are 100 or more inches across. These machines are slower than circular machines, but they produce less skew in the fabric and have the ability to fashion or shape garment or product parts.

i. Replace lost equipment on time 

ii. Maintain standards & quality of goods 

iii. Replenish stock on time 

iv. Budget control 

v. Regular monitoring of stock 

vi. Keep track of stocks

You can talk with the .crowds, but you should not become one of them and lose your virtue. Even when you walk with kings, you should not lose sight of the ordinary people. You should be beyond getting hurt by your enemies or friends. All kinds of people should be able to count upon you for help. You should forgive and never rush to punish the offender. If you can do all these things you can enjoy on this earth as if you are its master.

According to the poem the two impostors of life are Triumph and Disaster.

The central theme of the poem is the qualities of greatness or the traits of a perfect man.

The poet says that even if people tell lies to you, never follow their examples and start telling lies. A liar is not respected in the society. A liar may succeed temporarily but in the long run he is bound to fail and will be put to shame.

I fully agree with the view that in the face of unrighteous behavior, we should face it with righteous behavior. If somebody is bad, we don’t have to become bad and follow his ways. We should learn to conquer hatred with love.

a) Deal in lies 

b) Making one heap of all your winnings

c) Risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss 

d) Breathe a word 

e) Force your heart, nerve and sinew Notes: 

1. Personification : Speaking of things and animals as if they are persons with human traits and qualities. 

Example: Death steals our life; he is very cruel. 

2. Metaphor: A metaphor is a figure of speech in which one thing or person is spoken as another. 

Example: K.S. Chitra is a nightingale. 

3. Symbol : A symbol is an object that represents an idea, image or an action. We see different symbols on our roads to warn us. 

Example: Red Light is the symbol of danger.

Here a father is advising his son: 

Stanza 1: Maintain your coolness when people around you have lost it and blame you for the situation. Trust yourself when all people doubt you, but give allowance for their doubting. Wait and don’t be tired of waiting. When people tell you lies, don’t follow their example. People may hate you but don’t hate them. Don’t try to look too good and don’t try to talk too wise.

Stanza 2: You should dream, but do not make dreams your master. You should think but don’t make your thoughts your aim. You should view Success and Failure equally. You may say truths but dishonest people may twist them and use them to trap fools. You worked hard to get certain things done, but you find them broken. Then you get ready to build them up using old tools.

Stanza 3: Collect all your winnings and risk them on one turn of the dice. You may lose the entire thing. But start again without telling anybody about your loss. Continue doing your work even when others have abandoned theirs. Continue to hold on even you have nothing left except your will. 

Stanza 4: Keep talking with the crowds but maintain your virtue. Walk with kings but don’t lose the common touch. Neither your friends nor your enemies should be able to hurt you. All men should be able to count on your help. But nobody should expect too much from you. You should forgive people who have offended you. If you can do all the above things the Earth and everything in it is yours and you will then be a man.

It is good to dream but we should not let dreams become our master. We can have longings, but we should never take crooked paths achieve them. We can think — but thinking is not our aim. Our aim is to act and achieve.

The valley responds to the rising sun in a lively manner. The water in the river is dashing down and currents whirl and flash. The trees of the forest are bending as if to touch the water and the silver sands of the beach of the lake. The valley is filled with the echoing noise of the wild horn, the screeching owl. Thin smoke is rising from the huts of the valley-dwellers through the thick-leaved branches as they are preparing their morning meals.

Standing on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., on August 28, 1963, Martin Luther King, Jr., delivered what is regarded today as one of the greatest speeches in American history. Here is an excerpt from his speech: “I Have a Dream”.

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: ‘We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.’

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today

I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of ‘interposition’ and ‘nullification—one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join handsd brothers. I have a dream today

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall with little white boys and white girls as sisters an be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight; ‘and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together.

In all the speeches of the above great people, we can find some common factors. One is patriotism. Patriotism is the love of one’s motherland. The country of one’s birth is his mother and he should love her and work for her progress. In case of a need, he should be even ready to sacrifice his life for this motherland.

Another common factor is the love for liberty, freedom. Man is born free and he should have his freedom to enjoy his life. Political freedom, economic freedom, and religious freedom are essential for the proper growth of a person. No country should be ruled by other countries.

Another factor that is common among the speeches of these great men is a fraternity and universal brotherhood. In the pledge, we assert, “All Indians are my brothers and sisters”. This pledge should not be limited to words. In deeds, we must show that we are true to our words.

All great men preach internationalism and universal brotherhood Even as we preach nationalism, we must be internationalists. We all know that we may have different colors. The Europeans may be white, the Africans may be black, the Asians might be brown or yellowish, but all of them have red blood! Whether you are Christian, Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, or Jew, your emotions are the same. That is why we say, “Tickled we laugh; pricked we cry”. So we must love humanity. Gandhi is the Father of our nation, but he was also a great internationalist

1. At least 

2. On the other hand 

3. Firstly 

4. Though 

5. However 

6. Then 

7. Whereas 

8. Actually 

9. Moreover 

10. Besides

Yes, I agree. Without self-confidence, nothing worthwhile can be achieved.

Successful people exercise patience. Without patience, nothing can be got. In English they say, “Slow and steady wins the race’ and ‘Haste makes waste’.

Correct answer is coffee