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Chand asked Prashanth if he was working in that company.

Prashanth replied that he was and added that he had joined the firm the previous year.

Akash asked him where he was going then. 

Sourabh replied that he was going to a medical shop.

The spreadsheet Excel is a suitable software to serve this purpose. It consists of inbuilt functions, that facilitates to find total and rank easily.

Classification : OS, Compiler, DTP Software, Com-pression software, Word processor

List : Open Office Writer, Photoshop, 7 Zip, MS Word, Unix, C++, PageMaker, Winzip, C, Windows 98, 

OS – Unix, Windows 98 

Compiler – C, C++ 

DTP Software – Photoshop, PageMaker

Compression – 7 Zip, Winzip ; 

Word Processor – Open Office Writer, MS word

OMR has to be used, it senses the presence or absence of a mark (bubbles) using a high density beam then converted into electric signals for computer. It needs good quality expensive paper and accurate alignment of printing on forms.

• OS – Unix, Windows 98 
• Compiler – C, C++ DTP 
• Software – Photoshop, PageMaker 
• Compression – 7 Zip, Winzip 
• Word Processor – Open Office Writer, MS word

A computer is also called a system. A computer is not a single unit. It consists of more than one unit such as input unit, output unit, memory unit, ALU and control unit. Therefore a computer is called a system.

a) C – Compiler 

b) BASIC – Interpreter 

c) Assembly Language – Assembler

• Tenure of loan 
• Mode of repayment 
• Purpose of loan

1) Digital camera does not need film. 

2) More number of shots can take 

3) Operational cost is less 

4) Very easy to manipulate images in digital form using computers.

DBMS is a set of programs that manage the data base. 

Assembler is the software that translates assembly language program into machine language program

1-D 

2-C 

3-B 

4-A

Dot Matrix Printer. To take carbon copies impact printer is a must, operational cost is less and it can print bills in a moderate speed.

The software that translates assembly language assembler.

The primary memory which is commonly used in electronic billing machines to store price of products is EPROM.

A device called Bar Code Reader is used for this. It contains photoelectric scanner that read the bar code and input the information to the computer attached to it. It helps to reduce the errors and process the bills quickly.

The requirements are computer, scanner, printer and software.

1 - D 

2 - C 

3 - A 

4 - B

Desk Top Publishing.

PageMaker is a DTP Package.

The visual display units are given below: 

1. Cathode Ray Tube (CRT): 

There are two types of CRT’s, monochrome (Black and white) and colour. Monochrome CRT consists of one electron gun but colour CRT consists of 3 electron guns (Red, Green and Blue) at one end and the other end coated with phosphor. It is a vacuum tube. The phosphor coated screen can glow when electron beams produced by electron guns hit.

It is possible to create all the colours using Red, Green and Blue. The images produced by this is refreshed at the rate of 50 or 60 times each second. Its disadvantage is it is heavy and bulky. It consumes more power and emits heat. But it is cheap. Nowadays its production is stopped by the company.

2. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD): 

It consists of two, electrically conducting plates filled with liquid crystal. The front plate has transparent electrodes and the back plate is a mirror. By applying proper electrical signals across the plates, the liquid crystals either transmit or block the light and then reflecting it back from the mirror to the viewer and hence produce images. It is used in where small sized displays are required.

3. Light Emitting Diode(LED): 

It uses LED behind the liquid crystals in order to light up the screen. It gives a better quality and clear image with wider viewing angle. Its power consumption is less.

4. Plasma Panels: 

It consists of two glass plates filled with neon gas. Each plate has several parallel electrodes, right angles to each other. When low voltage is applied between two electrodes, one on each plate, a small portion of gas is glow and hence produce images. Plasma displays provide high resolution but are expensive. It is used in, where quality and size is a matter of concern.

5. Organic Light Emitting Diode(OLED) Monitors: 

It is made up of millions of tiny LEDs. OLED monitors are thinner and lighter than LCDs and LEDs. It consumes less power and produce better quality images but it is very expensive.

Word Processor.

According to my opinion, dot matrix printer is most suitable. Because they are capable of faster printing as well as it is cheap also. It’s printing quality is not good but cost per copy is very cheap. Dot matrix printer consists of a ribbon cartridge that is cheap and can be changed easily. Here we have to print more copies at a time. So dot matrix is suitable.

Correct option is B) to be hired

The brain of the computer is CPU

The control unit performs the following functions.

1. It controls data flow between input device ALU, memory and output devices. 

2. Normal execution of a program is line by line. The control unit controls this sequence with the help of ALU and memory. 

3. It controls the decoding and interpretation of instructions.

Functional units of computer: 

A computer is not a single unit but it consists of many functional units(intended to perform jobs) such as Input unit, Central Processing Unit(ALU and Control Unit), Storage (Memory) Unit and Output Unit. 

1. Input Unit: 

Its aim is to supply data (Alphanumeric, image , audio, video, etc.) to the computer for processing. The Input devices are keyboard, mouse, scanner, mic, camera, etc 

2. Central Processing Unit (CPU): 

It is the brain of the computer and consists of three components 

• Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU): As the name implies it performs all calculations and comparison operations. 
• Control Unit(CU): It controls overall functions of a computer 
• Registers: It stores the intermediate results temporarily.

3. Storage Unit(Memory Unit): 

A computer has huge storage capacity. It is used to store data and instructions before starts the processing. Secondly it stores the intermediate results and thirdly it stores information(processed data), that is the final results before send to the output unit(Visual Display Unit, Printer, etc)

Two Types of storage unit 

(a) Primary Storage alias Main Memory: 

It is further be classified into Two- Random Access Memory(RAM) and Read Only Memory(ROM). The one and only memory that the CPU can directly access is the main memory at a very high speed. 

It is expensive hence storage capacity is less. RAM is volatile (when the power is switched off the content will be erased) in nature but ROM is non volatile(lt is permanent)

(b) Secondary Storage alias Auxiliary Memory:

Because of limited storage capacity of primary memory its need arises. When a user saves a file, it will be stored in this memory hence it is permanent in nature and its capacity is huge. 

eg: Hard Disc Drive(HDD), Compact Disc(CD), DVD, Pen Drive, Blu Ray Disc etc. 

4. Output Unit: 

After processing the data we will get information as result, that will be given to the end user through the output unit in a human readable form. Normally monitor and printer are used.

Memory: 

Storage Unit(Memory Unit): A computer has huge storage capacity. It is used to store data and instructions before starts the processing. Secondly it stores the intermediate results and thirdly it stores information(processed data), that is the final results before send to the output unit(Visual Display Unit, Printer, etc) 

Memory measuring units are given below. 

• 1 bit = 1 or 0(Binary Digit) 
• 4 bits = 1 Nibble 
• 8 bits = 1 Byte 
• 1024 Bytes = 1 KB(Kilo Byte) 
• 1024 KB = 1 MB(MegaByte)
• 1024 MB = 1 GB(Giga Byte) 
• 1024 GB = 1 TB(Tera Byte) 
• 1024 TB = 1 PB(Peta Byte) 

Two Types of storage unit: 

1. Primary Storage alias Main Memory: It is further be classified into Two Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory(ROM). The one and only memory that the CPU can directly access is the main memory at a very high speed. 

It is expensive hence storage capacity is less. RAM is volatile(when the power is switched off the content will be erased) in nature but ROM is non volatile(lt is permanent). In ROM a “boot up” program called BIOS(Basic Input Output System) is stored to “boots up” the computer when it switched on. 

Some ROMs are given below. 

1. PROM(Programmable ROM): It is programmed at the time of manufacturing and cannot be erased. 

2. EPROM (Erasable PROM): It can be erased and can be reprogrammed using special electronic circuit. 

3. EEPROM (Electrically EPROM): It can be erased and rewritten electrically 

Cache Memory: The processor is a very high speed memory but comparatively RAM is slower than Processor. So there is a speed mismatch between the RAM and Processor, to resolve this a high speed memory is placed in between these two this memory is called cache memory. Commonly used cache memories are Level(L1) Cache(128 KB), L2(1 MB),L3(8 MB), L4(128MB). 

2. Secondary Storage alias Auxiliary Memory : Because of limited storage capacity of primary memory its need arises. When a user saves a file, it will be stored in this memory hence it is permanent in nature and its capacity is huge. 

Eg: Hard Disc Drive(HDD), Compact Disc(CD), DVD, Pen Drive, Blu Ray Disc etc. 

(a) Magnetic storage device: It uses plastic tape or metal/plastic discs coated with magnetic material. Hard Disk: Instead of flexible or soft disk it uses rigid material hence the name hard disk. Its storage capacity and data transfer rate are high and low access time. 

These are more lasting and less error prone. The accessing mechanism and storage media are combined together in a single unit and connect to the mother board via cable. 

(b) Optical storage device: 

Optical Disk: The high power laser uses a concentrated, narrow beam of light, which is  focuses and directed with lenses, prisms and mirrors for recording data. This beams burns very very small spots in master disk, which is used for making molds and these molds are used for making copies on plastic disks. 

A thin layer of aluminium followed by a transparent plastic layer is deposited on it. The holes made by the laser beam are called pits, interpreted as bit 0 and unburned areas are called lands interpreted as bit 

1. Lower power laser beam is used to retrieve the data. 

1. DVD(Digital Versatile Disc): It is similar to CD but its storage capacity is much higher. The capacity of a DVD starts from 4.7 GB 

2. Blu-ray Disc: It is used to read and write High Definition video data as well as to store very huge amount of data. While Cd and DVD uses red laserto read and write but it uses BlueViolet laser, hence the name Blu ray disc. The blue violet laser has shorter wave length than a red laser so it can pack more data tightly. 

3. Semiconductor storage (Flash memory): It uses EEPROM chips. It is faster and long lasting. 

• USB flash drive: It is also called thumb drive or pen drive. Its capacity varfes from 2 GB to 32 GB. 
• Flash memory cards: It is used in Camera, Mobile phones, tablets etc to store all types of data.

Correct option is D) Was

Given :

93, 119 and 158 when divided by n, give remainder d in each case 

Concept used :

HCF of 3 different numbers a, b and c = HCF of (b -a), (c -b) and (c -a)

Calculations :

93, 119 and 158 gives remainder d when divided by n 

Then, (93 - d), (119 -d) and (158 - d) must be divisible by n 

Now 

HCF of (93 - d), (119 - d) and (158 - d) = HCF of (119 - d - (93 - d), (158 -d -(119 -d) and (158 - d - (93 -d)

⇒ HCF of 26, 39 and 65 

⇒ 13 

So value of n will be 13 

Remainder we get on dividing 93, 119 and 158 by 13 is 2 

So d = 2 

S0,

n + d = 13 + 2 

⇒ 15 

∴ The value of (n + d) is 15

1. VDU – Visual Display Unit 

2. OMR – Optical Mark Reader

This light and dark bars are called bar code. It is used to record some details about the product such as item code, name, price etc. A device called Bar Code Reader contains photo electric scanner that read the bar code and input the information to the computer attached to it. It helps to reduce error and process the bills quickly

Correct option is C) hard

An example of proprietary software is Tally.

1. C – Compiler 

2. BASIC – Interpreter 

3. Assembly Language – Assembler

Primary memory is classified into two, Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM). The primary memory holds the data which is to be processed by the CPU and the set of instructions to be executed next. The CPU can access the instructions in the primary memory only.

1. Random Access Memory (RAM): 

RAM is used to store data and instructions needed by the CPU for processing. RAM can be used for both reading and writing of data so it is called Read and Write memory. It is a volatile memory, that is contents of the RAM will be lost when the power is turned off. 

The invention of integrated circuits (chips) increased the memory capacity and reduced the size and cost. Static RAM, Dynamic RAM, Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDRAM) are the various types of RAM. 

2. Read Only Memory (ROM): 

We can read this memory but we cannot write into this memory. It is a nonvolatile memory, that is its contents will not lost when the power is turned off. This memory is stored in the ROM chip at the time of manufacture ing itself hence it is called firmware. 

ROM contains instructions to check the hardware components connected to the system, perform some basic input/output operations (BIOS), initiates loading of essential software. 

The different categories are PROM, EPROM and EE PROM. 

(a) PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory): 

It is just like WORM. That means the instructions are write once but read many. But we cannot change the instructions. 

(b) EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory): 

It functions just like PROM. But by using ultraviolet light we can erase the old data and can write new data. 

(c) EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory): 

Here instead of ultraviolet light electric signals are used to erase old data and write new data under software control. It is highly expensive than regular ROM chips.

Kevlar is commercial name for Aramid fibers.

A computer is also called a system. A computer is not a single unit. It consists of more than one unit such as input unit, output unit, memory unit, ALU and control unit. Therefore a computer is called a system.

This light and dark bars are called bar code. It is used to record some details about the product such as item code, name, price etc…. A device called Bar Code Reader contains photo electric scanner that read the bar code and input the information to the computer attached to it. It helps to reduce error arid process the bills quickly.

Correct option is D) bus

Correct option is C) whose

Pits and Lands (OR) 0 and 1

(d) intermediate result

d) intermediate result.

This register stores the memory address of the next instruction to be executed by the CPU.

Student’s role in e-Waste disposal 

• Stop buying unnecessary electronic equipments 
• Repair Faulty electronic equipments instead of buying a new one. 
• Give electronic equipments to recycle 
• Buy durable, efficient, quality, toxic free, good warranty products 
• check the website or call the dealer if there is any exchange scheme 
• Buy rechargeable battery products