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Entrepreneurship fails to lead New corporate division.

Maslow”s Hierarchy of needs theory is governed by the fact that People are politically motivated by need.

Entrepreneurial Development Institute of India was established by Gujrat Government.

The attitude of Indian Government machinery towards entrepreneurial development programme is Constructive. 

(C) Constructive

Critical evaluation points of entrepreneurial development programme are: 

• Organisation policies
• Lock of suitable selection Procedure
• Low quality of technical and vocational education and training.

Entrepreneurial development programme provides Self-employment education and training.

Correct option is: (A) Maharashtra Government

The attitude of Indian Government machinery towards entrepreneurial development programme is Constructive. 

Correct option is: (C) Need of improvement

Correct option is: (B) Entrepreneurship

Correct option is: (B) Consumer association that has not been recognised

Correct option is: (B) National Commission

Science: A Boon or a Curse 

The word 'science' literally means 'knowledge'. The modern age is an age of science. Science is the greatest boon to the modern world. Modern discoveries and inventions have increased human comforts and happiness. The first thing that man learnt to do was to Conquer Nature. He can now sail the vast oceans, fly in the air, travel underground and do a lot more things. 

Inventions like the telephone, mobile, computer etc. have changed man's forever. There have been inventions and discoveries in all aspects of life. Science has worked greater miracles in the field of health and medicine. Science has been the greatest weapon in Man's battle against diseases of various kinds. 

Technology is on a rise everyday. Each new day brings better technology with it. So, we can say that science is a boon to human life.

A Cricket Match

1. Introduction:
It was the Republic Day. A cricket match was played between two collegesK.P. Inter College and C.A.V. Inter college in the evening. Both the teams came at 3 p.m. K.P. Inter College batted first.

2. Description:

Ravi, the captain of K.P. Inter College; was run out. He scored twenty runs. Vikas, the captain of C.A.V. Inter College team scored only ten runs. His show was poor. Rajesh opened magnificently. He scored eighty runs. The team of K.P. Inter College scored 210 in fifty overs. The players of C.A.V. Inter College disappointed us. Only Mohan, opened fairly well. He scored valuable 61 runs. The fielding of K.P. Inter College was weak. But C.A.V. Inter College could not take advantage of it. The match was highly thrilling and exciting. C.A.V. Inter College needed only 25 runs in three overs and five batsmen were to come. But it could not score even 10 runs. So C.A.V. Inter College lost the match.

3. Conclusion:
The match was very interesting. It was full of ups and downs. Fortune smiled sometimes this side and sometimes that side. Some players of C.A.V. Inter College played well but they could not score well. The team of K.P. Inter College played somehow well and won the match.

Television and Its Effects

1. Introduction:
Television is the greatest gift of science to us. It is one of the greastest inventions of science.

2. Effect and Usefulness:
It has both good and bad effects. Its good effects are more than its bad effects. Television shows  serials on epics which help people to understand each other’s religion. It shows many quiz programmes which increase our knowledge. It shows us the latest happening in the world through news. It helps people to learn different languages. Its bad effects arevery harmful. Over viewing of serials can effect the eyes. Extra use of television results in a wastage of time. It disturbs the mind of students in studies.

3. Conclusion:
The vulgar serials lead persons to bad habits. But if it is used properly then it is one of the greatest blessings of science.

(b) Buffalo milk

The Importance of Newspapers

1. Introduction :
The word ‘News’ is an amalgam of four letters ‘N’, ‘E’, ‘W’ and ‘S’, which stand for North, East, West and South respectively. Newspapers play a very important role in our lives. It is a very strong means of communication. They give news and views.

2. Usefulness:
Newspaper gives the daily news of what is happening round the world. It also gives information about the main incidents round the world. There are lots of daily newspapers such as “The Hindustan Times, The Indian Express, The Times of India, The Economic Times” etc. These newspapers give information about politics, sports, share market and prices of our daily needs etc. They increase our knowledge and wisdom. We learn much about the world’s events from newspapers. They broaden our outlook. They change our views. They guide common people of the country.

3. Collection of Material:
The reporters of the newspapers collect the news from their own sources and from different news agencies and then publish it. The newspapers also give educational and classifieds columns. These are very educative and informative.

4. Importance:
Newspapers give every information about the incidents that take place all around the world. The paper boys called hawkers distribute the newspapers to the customer’s houses early in the morning.

5. Conclusion:
The newspapers are a very useful source of education and information.

BPO is Business Process Outsourcing KPO is Knowledge Process Outsourcing

Correct option is C) speak

1. Colour and size:
Cows are of many colours. Some cows are white, some are black and some are brown. A cow is generally four feet high and six feet long. She has four legs, two ears, two horns and a long bushy tail.

2. Food:
The cow eats green grass and straw. She likes to eat oil cake also. She relishes green vegetables and fruit skins.

3. Her habits:
The cow is a gentle animal. She does not hurt anybody. Some cows are simple that children play near them. Hindus called her ‘Gau Mata’.

4. Usefulness:
The cow is very useful to us. She gives us milk. Her milk makes us healthy. It is very useful for the children. We make butter, ghee and curd from her milk. She gives us calves who pull carts and plough the fields. Her dung is used as manure and fuel. Shoes and other leather articles are made from her skin. We make combs, buttons and many other things from her horns. In short the cow is a very useful animal. This is why the Hindus worship her.

Correct option is B) talk at

1. Introduction:
“A friend in need is a friend indeed.” I have many friends but, I like Suresh the best of all. He is a friend indeed. He is an ideal student. His father is a teacher. His mother is a religious lady. He is sixteen years old.

2. His dress and habits:
He puts on simple dress. He is very simple by nature. He is very polite. He is never angry. He is always ready to help others.

3. His hobbies:
He has many hobbies. He sings, paints and collects coins and stamps. He has collected coins and stamps of different sizes and of many countries. He is also very fond of reading good books.

4. His qualities:
He has many good qualities. He bears a good moral character. He always helps me in need. He never tells a lie. He is regular in his morning walk. He is honest and hardworking. He respects and obeys his teachers, parents and elders. He does not waste his time. He is neither proud nor selfish. He never makes a noise in the class. He is a good player of hockey and volleyball. His behaviour towards his elders is praiseworthy. He is a true scout. I am proud of him.

Correct option is B) farmer

1. Introduction :
India is an agriculture country. Most of its people live in villages. The main occupation of its people is farming. The Indian farmer is generally a simple man. He wears Dhoti and Kurta of Khaddar. He does not get time to be sad as he is always busy in his work.

2. Home:
He is hard-working yet he is poor. Many farmers live in huts. Some live in ordinary houses made of mud. There are thatches on them. They are very small. They are not airy. Some rich farmers have built pucca houses.

3. Education:
A farmer is often uneducated and illiterate. His knowledge is based on old ideas. He is superstitious. Now many farmers try to know new methods of farming. They know much about fertilizers and pesticides..

4. Daily Life:
A farmer generally rises early in the morning. He goes to his field with his bullocks and a plough. He starts working and works till his wife brings food for him at noon. He takes his food and then takes rest for sometime. Then he starts his work. He goes on working till evening. In the evening he returns home. Such is the life of an Indian farmer.

5. Source of Enjoyment:
At night he goes to chaupal. He enjoys songs and dramas. Sometimes he smokes hukka. He likes the stories of Alha-Udal. Sometimes he goes to fairs also.

6. Efforts of Improvement:
A farmer is the backbone of our society. The progress of our country is based on the improvement of his condition. So the government should improve his condition.

1. Name of the town:
The town I live in is famous for one reason—it has been the home of the Prime Minister of India. Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru was brought up in Allahabad, Sri Lal Bahadur Shastri had a house at Allahabad and Smt. Indira Gandhi was born here. Anand Bhawan, donated to the nation by the Prime Minister, is now a place of historical importance.

2. Location:
Allahabad is situated near the Sangam, the place where the two rivers—the Ganga and the Yamuna, meet. Thousands of visitors and pilgrims come to Allahabad just to have a dip in the Sangam.

3. Around the Town:
It is a calm and quiet city, because there are not many industries around. Naini, a superb of Allahabad, however, is now developing fast industrially. There is the big Agriculture Institute, the Indian Telephone Industries and the factory of Universal Tyres. A glass factory is also going to be built there shortly. Allahabad proper has the Geep lash Light Factory which makes batteries.

4. Its Importance:
There are a few spots in Allahabad which have scenic beauty. There, are the old but majestic stone buildings of the High Court and the offices of the various departments. There are other attractions for visitors too. Allahabad is famous as a seat of learning. The main office of the Board of High School and Intermediate Education is situated in Allahabad. The headquarter of the Education Department of Uttar Pradesh is located. We are proud of our town.

Correct option is C) punish

Correct option is D) leave

1. Introduction:
At nine O’clock the door-bell rings. We run to open the door. How happy we are when we see the postman with letters for us !

2. His work:
The postman is a very important man and is very popular with everybody young and old. He brings us news from our friends and relations and sometimes money too. Sometimes he brings us bad news.

3. His uniform and dress :
Generally the postman wears a Khaki uniform. But sometimes for a change, he wears ordinary clothes. He carries a leather bag which contains letters, parcels, money-orders and cash. Most postmen use bicycle but there are some who prefer walking.

4. His salary:
The postman does not get a big salary but he works very hard. He performs his duty faithfully—whether it is hot summer or cold winter. He is always active.

5. His condition:
In the old days the postman was not very well educated. It was enough if he knew how to read and write English and Hindi. But today many postmen are graduates.

6. Conclusion:
When we think of the hard work that the postman does to bring us news, we admire him. He deserves all praise.

Correct option is C) field

Correct option is C) brought

Correct option is E) show / has brought

Nuclear-non Proliferation treaty Come into existence in 1968 

The correct answer is Porulathikaram in Tolkappiam.

• Agastya was associated to Dwarka, according to Purananuru and Tolkapiyam.
• Even in the Mahabharata and Puranas, Agastya's role in the growth of agriculture in the south is explicitly stated.
• Commander was given the title of Aenadi during the Sangam era.
• The Bellar, or wealthy farmer, was appointed to both military and civilian positions in the Chol and Pandya empires.
• Arsar was the name of the ruling class. And the Bellars had marital ties with this kind of people.
• The farmhand was known as the Cadassier.

The correct answer is 2500.

• Ganges River is the great river of the plains of the northern Indian subcontinent.
• From time immemorial it has been the holy river of Hinduism.
• Its length of 1,560 miles (2,510 km) is relatively short compared with the other great rivers of Asia or of the world.
• Rising in the Himalayas and emptying into the Bay of Bengal, it drains one-fourth of the territory of India.
• The greater part of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, across which it flows.
• The general direction of the river’s flow is from northwest to southeast. At its delta, the flow is generally southward.

• The Ganges rises in the southern Great Himalayas on the Indian side of the border with the Tibet Autonomous Region of China.
• It is five headstreams the Bhagirathi, the Alaknanda, the Mandakini, the Dhauliganga, and the Pindar, all rise in the mountainous region of northern Uttarakhand state. 

The correct answer is a - iv, b - i, c - ii, d - iii.

• The Muktamlyada is a Telugu epic poem written in the early 16th century by Krishnadevaraya, the Vijayanagara Emperor. The name Amuktamalyada means "one who offered the garland after wearing it."
• Gulbarga's Jamia Masjid is a mosque in Gulbarga, Karnataka, India. It is regarded as one of South Asia's finest examples of mosque architecture. The interiors of the Spanish Mosque in Hyderabad, India, reflect the arches design of Jamia Masjid Gulbarga.
• Gol Gumbaz is the mausoleum (tomb) of Adil Shahi Dynasty monarch Mohammed Adil Shah. The monument, which is located in Bijapur, Karnataka, India, was begun in 1626 and finished in 1656.
• Krishna Dev Raya (1509-1529 AD), the Tuluva dynasty monarch, created the drama "Jambavati Kalyanam" (in Sanskrit), which is based on the Jambavati, one of Lord Krishna's eight major queen-consorts. Jambavan, the bear king who aided Lord Ram in the battle against Ravana, had only one daughter.

(d) Both (a) and (b)

The correct answer is Sanchi stupi.

• The Bhopal Begums made a significant contribution to the preservation of the Sanchi Stupa.
• The following is a list of their key contributions.
  • The monarchs of Bhopal, Shahejahan Begum and her successor Sultan Jahan Begum, donated considerable donations to the upkeep of the Sanchi Stupa.
  • A museum was erected near the stupa, largely because to Begum Sultan Jahan Begum's financial help.
  • Europeans also contributed to the stupa's preservation.
  • The plaster cast duplicates of the stupa pillars were taken by the French and British to be displayed in museums in France and Britain, respectively.
  • They also helped financially to the stupa's preservation.

The Correct Answer is "Tulsidas".

• Tulsidas, the author of Ramcharitmanas was born in Rajpur in the Banda district of Uttar Pradesh in the 16th century.
• Tulsidas is considered to be an incarnation of Valmiki, the sage who composed the original Ramayana and is counted among the foremost devotees of Lord Rama.
• He was devoted to Rama.
• Tulsidas was a devotee of Lord Rama from early childhood, and these words affected him deeply.
• He left his home a family to become a wandering mendicant in search of the abiding love of his Lord Rama.
• He is also the author of several other works including Vinaya Patrika, Gitavali, Dohavali, and Kavitavali.
• His minor works include Baravai Ramayana, Janaki Mangal, Ramalala Nahachhu, Ramajna Prashna, Parvati Mangal, Krishna Gitavali, Hanuman Bahuka, Sankata Mochana and Vairagya Sandipini.
• Furthermore, he is the seer of the Hanuman Chalisa, a powerful and popular mantra for Hanuman, in 40 verses.

• Ramcharitmanas is an epic poem in Awadhi language, composed with the aid of using the 16th-century Indian bhakti poet Goswami Tulsidas.
• The phrase Ramcharitmanas actually means "Lake of the deeds of Rama".
• It is taken into consideration as one of the finest works of Hindi literature.
• The paintings have variously been acclaimed as "the dwelling sum of Indian culture", "the tallest tree withinside the magic lawn of medieval Indian poetry", "the finest ebook of all devotional literature" and "the first-rate and maximum sincere manual to the famous dwelling religion of the Indian people". 

• Silappadikaram is a literary work in Tamil.
• It is held in high regard by the Tamil people.
• It is written by Ilango Adigal. He was a prince.
• In the epic we get to know about Kannagi, who having lost her husband to a miscarriage of justice at the court of the Pandyan Dynasty, wreaks her revenge on his kingdom.

Pit dar na → I love India 

dar tok pa → India is 

Great tim na tok → with great love. 

dar → India, tok → Great, na → Love i.e. with → tim. 

1. Influence of Indian Culture on South – East Asia

The Indian culture began to influence Ceylon during the early period of 5th century B.C. A few Indian merchants found their way to Malaya and some other nearby countries and some of them settled there. Then some Brahmans and the Buddha monks went there and spread Buddhism. Some Indians such as Paramhans Ram Krishna, his disciple Vivekananda and Mahatma Gandhi influenced the West. Especially Gandhi’s principle of non-violence, sincerity and energy influenced the West greater. Besides that Indian philosophy and religion also had a very great impact on western thinking. The great western philosophers like Schopenhauer were much indebted to Buddhism. Even American philosophers like Emerson and Thoreau studied much of Indian philosophy and thus their thoughts too had much likeness with Indian thought and philosophy.

2. Indian Art and Human Form

Art is very integral to life. Life of Indian people can not be seen without art. Indian life is a fusion of many cultures. There is nothing personal in Indian art. Indian art is not devoid of life There is no exaggeration to say that Indian life is full of different forms of art. Temples of ancient India are adorned with sculpture and painting. They all give glimpses of Indian Life. But the main interest of the Indian artist is to be noticed in the human form. This shows an intimate relationship of Indian life and art. The picture of the men and women are painted in every possible angle. Plentiful figures in Indian art are displayed to show the various moods of them. This shows an intimate relationship of art with Indian life.

3. The Mahabharata,

Our Greatest Epic The Mahabharata is considered a great story telling book. The Ramayana and the Mahabharata are the two great epics on which ancient Indian culture stands. Of the two great epics, the Mahabharata occupies a pride of place. It was written by Ved Vyas, a great Rishi. It contained 24000 verses in Sanskrit. It tells the story of Bharat dynasty. It is said that the battle of Mahabharata had been fought in about 1100 B.C. It was originally a heroic poem but later on acquired a religions orientation. Long after it became a theistic treatise in which Lord Krishna is thought to be the Supreme Being. The religion of Mahabharata is Vedic. Indra, Vishnu, Agni, Surya, Vayu, and Varun were important gods of the Vedic period. According to the Bhagavad-Gita, Krishna is Supreme God. The Bhagavad-Gita was written in battle field of Kurukshetra. When Arjun, a brave warrior, became stationary and expressed his doubt to kill his relatives in the battle, Lord Krishna, his charioteer, gave him some teachings which form the Bhagavad-Gita. Lord  Krishna tells Arjun to perform actions which are allotted to him. He must fight battle to get salvation which comes through devotion to Krishna. The battle continued for eighteen days and five Pandvas who remained alive with Krishna, won the battle. Thus the epic Mahabharata shows the victory of good over evil.

4. Fundamental Duties

Rights and duties are the two sides of the same coin. They are correlative and imply obligations. One can not exist without the other. In our Constitutions we had adopted almost all the principles of the Universal Declaration of human rights, but there was no provision of the Declaration which says: “Everyone has duties to the country in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible”. To fulfill this, a section of Fundamental Duties was incorporated in the Indian Constitution by an amendment of the Article 52-A. There are ten Fundamental Duties which are enumerated in the Indian Constitution. The prime duty of the Indian citizen is to respect the ideals and institutions like the National Flag and the National Anthem. Moreover, people of India should follow the noble ideals, protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India, and defend the country. They should promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood, preserve our rich heritage, protect the natural environment, develop the scientific temper and humanism, abjure violence, and strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement. These duties are in nature of Ten Commandments. The significance of these duties is to create a climate in which the people will feel that their obligations to society are as important as their rights.

5. Life Mirrored in Vedic Literature

Vedic literature has influenced the life of Indian people to a great extent. The people of the Vedic age were a great devotee to God. They lead a very simple life. They were full of joy and happiness. They used to worship Nature and Gods. Primarily they worshipped one God, the Supreme, but later on they started worshipping Trinity. People praised God in the form of prayers and hymns. They admired Him and his creation the universe. With the passage of time along with Brahma, Vishnu, Mahesh they also worshipped Indra, Agni Varun, Kuber, Surya, and Chandra. They showed their great faith in these Gods. Brahma was the God of creation and Vishnu supported the world. Mahesh was God of Sanhar. Indra was king of Dewas, Varun was the God of sea. Not only that they had faith in worshipping rivers and cows. Rivers gave them water and calves of cows helped them in agriculture. Some people of those days used to live in the forest for the sake of contemplation and meditation which augmented their philosophical thinking. Their various experiences and thoughts were included in some treatises on Vedas which became an integral part of their life. Thus the people of the Vedic age led a spiritual life with calm and quiet.

6. Importance of Tree

Trees play a very important role in life of every living creature. No life can be imagined or experienced without trees. They keep a balance in nature. If trees are cut down ruthlessly, the rivers will be over flooded and this will cause soil erosion which will lead to poor yield of crops and food grains. Trees give us fresh air. They absorb Carbon Dioxide and release oxygen which is very essential for human life. So it is our sacred duty to save trees. More and more trees should be planted. It should be remembered that they not only refreshes the body and mind but they give also food and shelter. That is why after realizing the importance of trees the Government of India has started a festival of growing plants which is celebrated as Van Mahotsava in the months of July and August. Hence, No one can deny the importance of trees.

7. Where there is a Will there is a Way

There is always a way to complete a task if there is a will. We know that great souls have strong will while weak ones only build castles in the air. Napoleon once said, “The Word ‘Impossible’ exists only in the dictionary of the fools.” Mountains can be moved by patience, determination and strong will. A successful man rises from the lowest position to the highest. It is because he possesses a strong will and determination. The unsuccessful man, on the other hand, lacks strong will and determination. He wavers and hesitates in doing a work. He can never do anything great in his life. We can find many examples of great men of strong will power in our history. Mahatma Gandhi is one of them who with his firm, bold and fearless strong will overcame all the difficulties come in his way and his efforts were crowned with success. Livingstone who explored the dark region of Africa, Garibaldi who united Italy, Bismarck who made Germany a strong nation and Lenin who made Russian free from the tyrannies of the Czars were some examples of great men of success. They all had a very strong will. So they found a way of achieving their heart’s desire.

(1)  If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. 

Correct answer is GOA

(3) If assertion is true but reason is false