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Energy can be generated from many sources like the solar energy from the sun, coal, wind, etc, But the common energy source in the Indian villages is wood and animal dung which is burnt to form the biogas.

d) All of the above

The correct option is (d) 1, 2 and 3.

• The vehicular exhausts consists of all the above mentioned gases, the only difference is the amount of these gases.

• Although, majority of vehicular exhausts consists of Carbon dioxide ( because the main product of the combustion of fossil fuel is carbon dioxide and water vapour).

• But there's presence of small amount of Carbon monoxide which is produced if incomplete combustion of fuel takes place.

• Sulphur dioxide is produced because sulphur is an active component of lead which is added in petrol as an anti knocking agent.

• Vehicular exhausts also consists of Oxides of nitrogen like Dinitrogen oxide, PAN, etc.

The correct answer is Black-buck.

• The symbols were notified by the state government's Department of Environment, Forest, Science, and Technology via a Government Order (GO).
• As per the GO, the state has retained blackbuck, commonly known as Krishna Jinka, as its state animal.
  • While officials decided on the rose-ringed parakeet as the state bird.
• The state tree of Andhra Pradesh is Neem.
• The state flower of Andhra Pradesh is Waterlilies.

• Telangana
  • State tree - Jammi Chettu
  • State bird - Palapitta
  • State animal  - Jinka/ Spotted Deer
  • State flower  - Tangidi Puvvu

Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Servants of India Society

Correct Answer is Myanmar

Revolt of Songram sangma

• The revolt of Songram Sangma was one of the key revolts that took place in Assam in the year 1906 against the British.
• This revolt occurred because of the exploitation of the British that deprived the tribes of the forest rights that the tribes were used to.
• The tribal people who were dispersed inside the deep forests were forced by the British to move away and live in a small land where the British could control them better.
• Forests were a livelihood source for the tribal, and therefore the forest laws that were formulated by the British had a considerable effect on the tribal people’s lives.
• The British had pronounced all forests as state property and categorized certain forests as reserved and the tribal people were not permitted to hunt, cultivate, or collect fruits in these areas.

(c) Following a policy of neutrality on global issues

“The South Asian experience of democracy has expanded the global imagination of democracy”. 

This statement can be explained by following examples:

People of South Asian countries participate in the aspiration of democracy. There is widespread support for democracy in all these countries. Ordinary citizens, rich as well as poor and belonging to different view the idea of democracy positively and support the institutions of representative democracy.

For example- India is the largest democratic country in the world.

People of South Asian countries prefer democracy over any other system of governance and believe that democracy is suitable for their country.

For example- Initially, there was a monarchy in Nepal but at present there is democracy.

(c) Cooperative, facilitator

National Emergency can be declared under the Article 352, whereby the security of India is threatened by war or external aggression or armed rebellion. The term internal disturbance that was used to declare Emergency in 1975 was replaced by the term armed rebellion in 1978 so that it may not be misused again..

(a) Autocratic dictatorship

Answer is (c) Iran

Answer is (c) 1974, 1998

(c) International Atomic Energy Agency

The Congress Party began to identify itself as a socialist and pro-poor party and began to revolve around Indira Gandhi only.The issue of welfare of backward castes also began to dominate politics since 1977 and the issue of reservations for “other backward classes” heightened and led to the formation of Mandal Commission by the Janata Government. Mass movement and protests became common in Indian Politics based on caste, religion and regional identity.

Answer is (a) iii, iv, i, ii

(i) To harmonize the interests of national security and economic policy and to prepare strategic and long-term framework of policy and program, NITI Aayog acts as a think tank of the Union Government. 

(ii) By adopting a ‘Bottom-Up Approach’, the NITI Aayog acts in the spirit of cooperative federalism as it ensures equal participation of all states in the country

(d) Political, Social and Economic

Syndicate was the group of powerful leaders in the Congress Party. Lal Bahadur Shastri and later Indira Gandhi were made Prime Minister with the support received from the Syndicate. This group had a decisive say in Indira Gandhi’s first cabinet and in policy formulation and implementation of the government. After the split in the Congress, the leaders of the Syndicate stayed with the Congress (O) but were defeated n the subsequent General Elections.

(b) iii, ii, iv, i 

The government suspended the Freedom of the Press and implemented press censorship. Electricity to all the major newspaper offices was disconnected to the next day from Emergency and the newspapers were forced to get prior approval for all material to be published. Many journalists were arrested. Newspapers like the Indian Express and the Statesman protested by leaving blank spaces where news items had been censored while magazines like the Seminar and the Mainstream chose to close down while many published through secrecy.

1. (d) Financial Aid given by the US.

2. (c) NATO

3. (b) Marshall Plan

4. (b) Organization for European Economic Cooperation.

Liberalization is the “Willingness to respect or accept behaviour or opinion different from one’s own; open to new ideas”. Liberalization is the process of liberating the economy from various regulatory mechanisms and elimination of customs and tariffs. Economic liberalization is the policy of relaxation over economic and trade policies.

A. Importance of Liberalization are as follows:

1. Consumer friendly: This leads to lower costs and prices for consumers to get the goods and services according to their wishes. There are many companies which bring a lot of quality products to satisfy consumers’ interests and demands. In a liberalised economy, consumer gets more benefits.

2. Free from Government regulations: Government provides free movement of trade and commerce where any private company can easily carry on their business activities without any restrictions. The companies need not undergo procedural delay imposed by the government.

3. Promotes competitions: Liberalisation extends competition within different company’s trade firms. Basically they keep the standards and cheaper prices for consumers. Competition promotes efficiency and avoids wastage of resources.

4. Promotes world class business: Liberalisation encourages business class to share knowledge and implement latest technologies of international standards. This leads to high quality products and better logistics in sales and supplies.

B. Political implications of liberalization are as follows:

1. Risk of brain drain: In the name of liberalised policy, citizens knock at the door of international opportunities, with their knowledge and skill. The developing nations face a lot of problems from such brain drain.

2. Reduces dependency on labour: As the process itself is capital intensive, it reduces dependency on labour and cuts opportunities for low level or manual jobs.

3. Risk of environmental degradation: The incessant industrial activity at the global level generates a lot of waste by products leading to environmental degradation.

4. Regulates the price of certain commodities: The price of certain commodities like-life saving drugs, fertilizers, etc., are automatically controlled by the world trade forums and associations.

5. Affects common man: It affects the common man in his day-to-day life as he finds its difficult to earn his livelihood.

6. Risk of financial instability: Flexibility (laxity) of monetary and fiscal policies of the Government may lead to financial crisis like recession and depression.

1. (d) All of the above

2. (d) Survival of the ablest

3. (c) 3

4. (d) None of these

According to F.A.Ogg “Coalition is a system where members of multiple political parties unite to form a government or Ministry”.

Perestroika means “restructuring”.

Distribution of power, where, two powerful states have a major influence at global level.

The word corruption comes from the latin ‘cor’ which means – altogether or with together and ‘rumpere’ which means to break Corruption can break or destroy one’s trustworthiness.

Security Council is the strongest organ of the UN.

It is derived from the Latin word “rumpire” meaning “to break”.

(1) NDA III, the BJP-led coalition of 2014 was largely different its predecessor coalition governments. Where the previous coalitions were led by one of the national parties, the NDA III coalition was not only steered by a national party, i.e., BJP it was also dominated by BJP with an absolute majority of its own in Lok Sabha called a ‘surplus majority coalition’

(2) The 2019 Lok Sabha elections, the 17^th since independence, once again brought back BJP led NDA [NDA III & IV] to the centre of power by winning more than 350 seats out of 543.

(3) A major change in Indian politics is the shift from caste and religion based politics to development and governance oriented politics.

(4) With its pre-intended goal Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas, the NDA III Government started several socio-economic welfare schemes to make development and governance accessible to the masses such as – Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana, Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, Jan-Dhan Yojana, Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana, Kisan Fasal Bima Yojna, Beti Padhao, Desh Badhao, Ayushman Bharat Yojana, etc.

(5) All these schemes intended to take administration to the doorstep of the common man by making the rural households, particularly the women, real beneficiaries of the Central Government schemes.

(6) The success of these schemes could be seen from the results of 2019 Lok Sabha elections where the voters across states – castes, classes, communities, gender and regions brought back the issues of development and governance to the centre stage. under the BJP led NDA Government characterizing the current change with  ‘SabkaSaath, SabkaVikas and SabkaVishwas’.

(1). The formation of Andhra Pradesh spurred the struggle for making of other states on linguistic basis in other parts of the country. These struggle forced the Central Government into appointing a States Reorganization Commission in 1953 to look into

(2). To look into the question of redrawing of the boundaries of state.

(3) This commission in its report accepted that the boundaries of the state should reflect the boundaries different languages. On the basis of its report the States Reorganization Act was passed in 1956. This led to the creation of 14 states and six union territories.

“Laissez-faire” is the other word for “Liberalisation”.

It can be said that the seeds of the Partition of India were sowed in the Partition of Bengal when the province was divided on a religious basis. Popular outrage and protests against this move forced the Viceroy, Lord Curzon, to reverse the decision.

(i) Most abrupt, unplanned and tragic transfer of population that human history has known. There were killings and atrocities on both sides of the border. Cities like Amritsar and Kolkata divided into communal zones. People were forced to abandon their homes and move across borders, they went through immense sufferings.

 (ii) Thousands of women were abducted on both sides of the border, they were forced to change the religion and were forced into marriage. Many children were separated from their parents.

 (iii) The Partition was a division of properties, liabilities and assets as well as a political division of the country and the administrative apparatus. 

It was the largest, most abrupt, unplanned, and tragic transfer of population.

1. Correct option is (d) Decisions taken by the Gram Sabha.

2. Correct option is (e) Supervising the Panchayat elections.

3. The Indian Constitution provides the reservation for SC’s and ST’s in our legislative’s. But it lacks the similar reservation for disadvantaged groups. As there should be some more reservation for women through the constitutional amendment, which should not only be a proposal, but also be passed.

4. Election Commission of India is a constitutional independent body set for conducting elections of the Union Parliament, the state Legislative Assembly, President and Vice President under the Article 324(i) of India Constitution. The Election Commission is an impartial agency to conduct free and fair elections in country. Hence, Election Commissioner must not be allowed to contest any election because it can affect the impartiality of the Commission.

In most of the developing and underdeveloped nations, job opportunities are minimal. Educated persons, seeking better living conditions and earning options, migrate to developed countries. So the nations get drained of their intellectuals and face the problem of brain drain. These nations get deprived of their Scientists, Engineers and others.

Presence of more than two political parties in a democratic country, e.g. India.

Syria has a multi-ethnic population comprising of Arabs, Kurds, Armenians, Assyrians, and Turkmens.

On 24^th December 2010.

September – 2^nd 1946.

The League of Nations was signed in 1919 and came into effect in 1920.

It is the sum total of the strength and capabilities of the State harnessed and applied, to the attainment of its national objectives.

There are 8 member countries in SAARC.

The sum total of the strengths and capabilities of the state harnessed is called National Power.

The 1^st NAM Summit was held at Belgrade, Yugoslavia in 1961.

1. To maintain international peace and security. 

2. To develop friendly relations among nations.