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Correct answer is: (A) (ii), (iii) and (v)

Correct answer is: (D) liquidity, solvency, and profitability

2. Credit purchase – Total creditors account

3. Cash sales – Receipt side of cash book

4. Credit sales – Total Debtors Account

5. Capital – Statement of Affairs

1. It is an unscientific, unsystematic and incomplete system.

2. Mainly personal accounts are prepared by ignoring fully or partially the impersonal accounts.

3. It is used by small traders.

4. Profit or loss under this system is only an estimate.

5. True financial position cannot be ascertained.

Since, Mr. Asok maintain incomplete records, it is not reliable and scientific. These accounts are not accepted by the Insurance company. It is one of the limitations of single entry.

Correct answer is (c) Bills received during the year.

Correct answer is (d) Both b and c

Some businessmen prefer to keep their books under single entry system due to the following reasons.

1. The system is suitable to small traders which have mainly cash transactions and do not have many assets and liabilities to be recorded in details.

2. The system is economical since lesser number of books are maintained.

3. Lack of knowledge about the double-entry system.

4. Ignorance of businessmen as to the statutory requirements of keeping proper books of accounts.

5. Intentional omission to take advantage of taxation.

Total Debtors Account

Calculation of Capital at the beginning

1 – e

2 – c

3 – d

4 – b

5 – a

The correct answer is inner membrane.

• Mitochondria are made up of two membranes: the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes.
• The inner mitochondrial membrane is folded several times to form cristae and contains F0-F1 particles, which are the electron transport system's particles.
• The inner membrane is likewise densely packed with proteins involved in ATP generation, and here is frequently where ATP is produced.
• Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy currency for cellular processes. ATP provides energy for both energy-consuming endergonic reactions and energy-releasing exergonic reactions, which require a small input of energy.

The correct answer is Oesophagus.

• An epithelial tissue or epithelium has a free surface, which faces either a body fluid or the outside environment and thus provides a covering or a lining for some part of the body.
• The cells are compactly packed with a little intercellular matrix.
• There are two types of epithelial tissues namely simple epithelium and compound epithelium.
  • Simple epithelium is composed of a single layer of cells and functions as a lining for body cavities, ducts, and tubes.
  • Compound epithelium consists of two or more cell layers and has a protective function as it does in our skin.
• Squamous epithelial cells are found in the inner lining of the oesophagus.

• On the basis of structural modification of the cells, the simple epithelium is further divided into three types:
  • Squamous:
    • The squamous epithelium is made of a single thin layer of flattened cells with irregular boundaries.
    • They are found in the walls of blood vessels, oesophagus, and air sacs of the lungs and are involved in functions like forming a diffusion boundary. 
  • Cuboidal:
    • The cuboidal epithelium is composed of a single layer of cube-like cells.
    • This is commonly found in ducts of glands and tubular parts of nephrons in kidneys and its main functions are secretion and absorption. 
  • Columnar:
    • The columnar epithelium is composed of a single layer of tall and slender cells.
    • Their nuclei are located at the base. 
    • They are found in the lining of stomach and intestine and help in secretion and absorption.

The correct answer is To treat pain, fever, and inflammation.

• Ibuprofen is a medication in the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) class that is used for treating pain, fever, and inflammation.
• Ibuprofen was discovered in 1961 by Stewart Adams and initially marketed as Brufen.
• It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system
• It increases the risk of heart failure, kidney failure, and liver failure at a higher dose.
• At low doses, it does not appear to increase the risk of a heart attack.
• Ibuprofen is practically insoluble in water, but very soluble in most organic solvents like ethanol, methanol, and acetone.

The correct answer is Bagasse.

• Bagasse is the fibre remaining after the extraction of the sugar-bearing juice from sugarcane.
• Bagasse, also called megass.
• The word bagasse, from the French bagage via the Spanish bagazo, originally meant rubbish, refuse, or trash.
• It is used as a biofuel for the production of heat, energy, and electricity, and in the manufacture of pulp and building materials.

• Forage: is a plant material eaten by grazing livestock.
• Cullet: In the glass recycling process, glass that is crushed and ready to be remelted is called cullet.
• Compost: is organic matter that has been decomposed in a process called composting.

Amnion is the membrane that covers the embryo. Chorion is the membrane that covers the amnion, the yolk sac and the allantois. The space delimited by the chorion and the amnion is called amniotic cavity and it is filled with aminiotic fluid. The amniotic cavity has the functions of preventing desiccation of the embryo and of protecting it against mechanical shocks.

The allantois is an adaptation to dry land because in embryos of oviparous terrestrial beings, like reptiles and birds, the metabolic residuals cannot be immediately excreted to the aquatic surrounds (as fishes and amphibian larvae do). It was necessary then for the appearance of a structure capable of storing the embryonic excretes until hatching. 

a.  Earthworm—Monoecious

b.  Chara—Monoecious

c.   Marchantia—Dioecious

d.  Cockroach—Dioecious

The amnion is also an adaptation to dry land since one of its functions is to prevent desiccation of the embryo.

The chorioallantois membrane is formed by juxtaposition of some regions of the chorion and the allantois. Since it is porous, the chorioallantois membrane allows the passage of gases between the embryo and the exterior thus making aerobic cellular respiration possible. 

1. was produced 

2. was mixed 

3. was dried 

4. was invented! 

5. were used

BCG vaccine is given to children for prevention of disease Tuberculosis.

The four initial stages of the embryonic development are the morula stage, the blastula stage, the gastrula stage and the neurula stage. 

The liver and the pancreas are originated from the endoderm. Also from endodermal origin are the epithelia of the airway, the epithelia of the bladder, of the urethra and of the GI tube (except of the mouth and anus), the alveolar cells of the lungs and the thyroid and parathyroid glands.

Vitellus (yolk) is the nutritive material that accumulates in the cytoplasm of the egg (zygote) with the function of nourishing the embryo. According to the amount of vitellus in them, the vertebrate eggs are classified as oligolecithal (little yolk), centrolecithal, or heterolecithal (more yolk diffusely distributed) and telolecithal (more yolk concentrated in one end of the egg).

Blood cells have a mesodermal embryonic origin. Other organs made from mesoderm are: covering serous membranes like the pericardium, the peritoneum and the pleura, muscles, cartilages, dermis, adipose tissue, kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, gonads, blood and lymph vessels, bones.

Twins are simultaneously generated (within the mother’s uterus) offspring. Twins classify according to zygosity as monozygotic or as dizygotic twins.

Monozygotic twins, also known as identical twins, are those originated from one single fertilized ovum (therefore from one single zygote); monozygotic twins are genetically identical, i.e., they have identical genotypes and are necessarily of the same sex. Dizygotic twins, also known as fraternal twins, are those generated from two different ova fecundated by two different sperm cells; so they are not genetically identical and they are not necessarily of the same sex. 

Epidermis and nervous system have the same embryonic origin: the ectoderm. The epidermal appendages (like nails, hair, sweat glands and sebaceous glands), the mammary glands, the adenohypophysis, the cornea, the crystalline lens and the retina are also derived from ectoderm.

Somites are differentiated portions of mesodermal tissue longitudinally distributed along the embryo. The somites originate the muscle tissue and portions of the connective tissues. 

Hydrophobia and AIDS are caused by  Virus.

Cnidarians are diploblastic, i.e., they present only endoderm and ectoderm. With the exception of poriferans, all remaining animals are triploblastic. Poriferans do not present differentiated tissue organization and so they do not classify regarding germ layers (although sometimes they are mentioned as diploblastic)

Archenteron is the tube formed during gastrulation by means of invagination of the blastula wall inside the blatocele. It is the origin of the gastrointestinal tract. Blastopore is the opening of the archenteron to the exterior. The blastopore gives birth to one of the extremities of the digestive tube: the mouth in protostome beings, or the anus in deuterostome beings.

The cells that result from the cleavage (the first stage of the embryonic development) are called blastomeres. In this stage the embryo is called morula (similar to a “morus”, mulberry).

The blastula turns into gastrula in a process known as gastrulation. 

Gonorrhoea is a Sexually transmitted disease.

A. False The adult type appears around mid gestation. 

B. False It has almost disappeared by four months. 

C. False They have similar oxygen capacities. 

D. False It binds it less readily. 

E. True This aids oxygen transfer in the placenta.

A. True Half the complement of human somatic cells. 

B. True These are in the acrosome (‘extremity body’). 

C. False Normal core temperature inhibits formation of spermatozoa. 

D. False At this stage they are non-motile and cannot fertilize. 

E. False They are stored in the epididymis.

The embryonic growth depends directly on mitosis. Through this type of cell division the zygote divides itself giving birth to a series of cells that by mitosis also compose differentiated tissues and organs until the formation of a complete individual.

There are medical reports associating the use of contraceptive pills with vomiting, nausea, vertigo, headaches, hypertension and other pathological conditions. Some research has attempted to relate the medical ingestion of estrogen and progesterone with increased propensity to cardiovascular diseases (like infarction, strokes and thrombosis) and to malignant neoplasias (cancers). Doctors must always be asked about the risks and benefits of the contraceptive pill prior to use. 

A. False The enlargement is due more to an increase in the size of the muscle cells. 

B. False Spontaneous uterine contractions occur during pregnancy. 

C. False The enlargement is due mainly to oestrogen and progesterone. 

D. False It falls due to the increase in plasma volume. 

E. True It increases by about one-third.

Male germinal cells are Diploid.

After ovulation the estrogen and progesterone secretions from the corpus luteum inhibit the hypophyseal FSH and LH secretions (this happens by inhibition of GnRH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, a hypothalamic hormone). The blood concentration of these adenohypophyseal hormones falls to basal levels again. As LH lowers the corpus luteum (luteum means “yellow”) becomes atrophic and turns into the corpus albicans (“white”). With the regression of the corpus luteum the production of estrogen and progesterone ceases.

The uterine glands produce glycogen that can be degraded into glucose to nourish the embryo before the complete development of the placenta.

Surgical sterilization process in female known as Tubectomy.

The contraceptive diaphragm is an artifact made of latex or plastic that when placed on the vaginal fundus covers the uterine cervix forbidding the passage of sperm cells through the cervical canal. To be more effective the diaphragm needs to be used together with spermicide. This method however does not prevent sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

The female gamete released from the ovary falls into the surrounding abdominal cavity and is collected by the Fallopian tube. The internal epithelium of the uterine tubes has ciliated cells that move the ovum or the fecundated egg cell towards the uterus. 

A. False These depress milk formation during pregnancy; prolactin stimulates milk formation. 

B. True By release of prolactin-inhibiting hormone (dopamine). 

C. True This causes prolactin secretion which initiates and maintains lactation after delivery. 

D. True Milk formation ceases due to loss of prolactin. 

E. True Due to loss of oxytocin in response to suckling.

Contraceptive pills generally contain the hormones estrogen and progesterone. If taken daily from the 4th day after menses the abnormal elevation of these hormones acts upon the hypophysishypothalamus endocrine axis inhibiting the FSH and LH secretions. Since these hormones then do not reach their normal high levels during the menstrual cycle ovulation does not occur.

(Treatment with contraceptive pills must be initiated under medical supervision.)