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The correct answer is Hoshangabad.

• Teak forests are found in abundance in Hoshangabad. 

• Teak forests are found in 19.36 percent of the total forest area.
• Teak is a tropical hardwood tree species in the family Lamiaceae.
• Teak wood is used to make the furniture for homes.

• The Sal forests are mainly found in the Balaghat, Mandla, Dindori, Sidhi, Umaria, Anuppur, and Shahdol districts of Madhya Pradesh.
• Thorn trees are found in maximum quantity in the Shivpuri region.
• Lac is found in the forests of Mandla.

The correct answer is Mir Jafar.

• Mir Jafar was the first Nawab of Bengal under British influence.
• In the battle of Plassey he conspired with the British to depose Siraj-Ud-Dullah to become the Nawab himself.
• He also is known as Nawab Nazim of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa (Nawab of Bengal).
• He signed a pact with Robert Clive to slaughter the Bengal army in the Battle of Plassey to become the Nawab of Bengal. Thus the British won the battle and Mir Jafar became known as Gaddar-e-Abrar, meaning a traitor.

The correct answer is Anupriti yojana.

• Under Anupriti yojana schemes, Rajasthan Government provides financial incentives to SC / ST candidates passing the all India Civil Services examination and State Civil Services examination.

​

• Rajasthan Anuprati Yojana
  • The Rajasthan Government has launched the Rajasthan Anuprati Yojana for the meritorious students of minority families.
  • It covers the residents of Rajasthan State who belong to SC / ST / Special Backward Class and general category BPL families.
  • The approval scheme was launched by the state government in January 2005.
  • In the year 2012, according to the changed scheme, the major changes made in this scheme are as follows: -
  • The objective of the scheme: 
    • It covers BPL of Scheduled Castes / Scheduled Tribes / Special Backward Classes / Other Backward Classes and General Classes of Rajasthan State. 
    • The talented candidates of the families are given various incentives for competitive exams like Indian Civil Service, Sasthajan Civil Service, IIT, IIM, CPMT, NIT. 
    • It also encourages financial aid for the preparation of selection in state engineering and medical etc.

• Rajasthan Anuprati Yojana Eligibility: 
  • Native of Rajasthan
  • Those candidates belonging to Scheduled Castes / Scheduled Tribes / Special Backward Classes whose parents/guardians do not have an annual income of more than 2.00 lakhs (Rupees two lakhs).
  • Other backward classes and general category BPL (Including state BPL) member of the family.
  • The candidate must have passed the prescribed stage of the competitive examination or passed the entrance examination and got admission to the listed educational institutions.
  • Should not have been working in the State Service in the State and Subordinate Services (Joint Competitive) examination conducted by Rajasthan Public Service Commission.
  • For admission in state engineering / medical colleges of the state, 60 percent marks in class 10 + 2 should be awarded.
• Incentives: 
  • The details of the incentive amount to be given at various levels under this scheme are as follows: - 

The correct answer is ​POSHAN Abhiyan.

• Poshan Abhiyan has been launched by the Indian prime minister to combat malnutrition and stunting among children.

• On March 8, 2018, the Abhiyan was launched by the government.
• To bring down the stunting among children in the age group of 0-6 years is the main aim of the scheme.
• Ensuring service delivery and interventions by use of technology is the aim of the Poshan Abhiyan.
• The Swasth Bharat Preraks will be deployed in each district under the Abhiyan.
• For tracking the implementation of Abhiyan, the Swasth Bharat prerak will act as a catalyst.

• The national council on nutrition (NCN) has been set up under the Poshan Abhiyaan.
• NCN is national-level coordination and convergence body on nutrition.
• The vice-chairman of NITI Aayog heads the NCN.

The correct answer is  Qutubuddin Aibak.

• Qutubuddin Aibak was the founder of the Slave dynasty.
  • He won Kalinjar Fort from Parimaldev in 1202 AD.
  • Illtutmish was Son in law and slave of Qutubuddin Aibak.
  • Illtutmish was the most powerful king of the Slave dynasty.
  • Slave dynasty last from 1206 – 1290 AD.

• Jalal-ud-din Khilji was the founder of the Khlji dynasty.
  • The time frame of khilji dynasty was from 1290 to 1320 AD.
  • He defeated the king of Malwa Mahkaldev in 1305 AD.
• Ghiasuddin Tughlaq was the founder of the Tughlaq dynasty.
  • The time frame of the Tughlaq dynasty was from 1320 to 1414 AD.
  • Muhammad Bin Tughlaq was the most popular king of the Tuglaq dynasty.
• Babar was the founder of the Mughal dynasty.
  • He defeated Ibrahim Lodhi at first Panipat war and established Mughal dynasty.

The correct answer is Howrah and Hooghly.

• On 15th August 1854, East Indian Railway (EIR)’s first train ran from Howrah to Hooghly, a distance of 24 miles.
• The line had stopped at Bally, Serampore, and Chandannagore.
• In 1862, EIR extended up to the west bank of Yamuna on its way to Delhi.
• Eastern Railway (ER) was formed on 14th April 1952 by the integration of the East Indian Railway (EIR) consisting of Sealdah, Howrah, Asansol, and Danapur Divisions and the entire Bengal – Nagpur Railway (BNR).

• On 16th April 1853, the first passenger train ran between Bori Bunder (Bombay) and Thane, a distance of 34 km.

The Shimla Conference which was convened as per Wavell's Plan ended in failure because of the stiff opposition of  Jinnah.

The correct answer is 3000.

• In 1717, the British East India Company purchased duty-free trade rights in all of Bengal for peanuts worth Rupees 3000 per year from Farrukhsiyar.
• Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar issued royal Farman (charter) granting the company important trading facilities in Bengal.
• It included permission to export and import British goods in Bengal without paying taxes.
  • Under this Farman, the company was authorized to issue Dastaks (passes) for the transportation of goods.
• This privilege was resented by the local Bengali rulers because it deprived them of their revenue share and because it was granted by a distant and powerless Mughal ruler sitting in Delhi with barely any authority in the province.

The Taiping Rebellion 1850-1864

• It was sparked by the leadership of one man, Hong Xiuquan, from the south of China, who in 1847 failed the imperial examinations for the third time and was delirious for 30 days. Hence, statement 3rd is not correct.
• When he recovered, he believed that he and his band of believers had been chosen to conquer China, destroy the demon Manchu rulers, and establish the Taiping Tianguo — the Heavenly Kingdom of Great Harmony.
• The Taiping Rebellion was mostly a revolt by poor rural peasants against their landlords and the rich, inspired by the religious pamphlets of an American missionary.
• Their revolutionary program was very wide-ranging. It introduced notions of common property, land reform, equal position of women, abstinence from opium, tobacco and alcohol, calendar reform, literary reform, and above all, a new political-military organization of society.
• The Taiping rebels created a brave new world - a classless society where private property was abolished.  Hence, statement 2nd is the correct option.
• Their movement was so strong and so popular that it took the central government millions of dollars and fifteen years to defeat them. Not until 1864 was the rebellion brutally put down. It is estimated that the entire rebellion cost more than twenty million lives (twice that of World War I).
• Finally, in 1864, aided by Britain and the other Western Powers with their modern weapons, the Qing were able to re-conquer Nanjing and finally defeat the Taiping Rebellion and reunite China. 

The correct answer is D.

• 'AR Rahman' has been conferred with the prestigious 2015 Hridaynath Mangeshkar Award in Mumbai.
• Hridaynath Mangeshkar is the son of renowned musician Deenanath Mangeshkar.
• Dinanath Mangeshkar was a famous Marathi theatre actor, music composer, and Hindustani classical musician and singer.
• This award was established in 2011 by Hridayesh Art, a Mumbai- based socio-cultural organization.
• The first Hridaynath Mangeshkar award was conferred to Lata Mangeshkar in 2011.​

The correct answer is Mr Kuldeep Singh.

• The Lata Mangeshkar Award is given by the Culture Department of Madhya Pradesh in the field of Light music.
• This award was started in the year 1984.
• It consists of a cash prize of 2 Lakh, copper engraving citation, coconut, and shawl. 
• The last recipient of the Lata Mangeshkar award was Mr Kuldeep Singh in the year 2018.

• The first recipient of the Lata Mangeshkar award was Mr Naushad Ali in 1984-85.
• Mr Ali Sardar Jafri was the first recipient of Iqbal Puruksar in 1986-87.
• Mrs Girija Prasad was the first recipient of Tulsi Samman Puruksar in 1983.

(b) can be amended by two-thirds majority

The correct option: (c) I, II and V

Tenth Schedule of the constitution of India contains provisions regarding Anti Defection Act.

(a) simple majority as under Articles 107 and 108

(a) ‘पंजाब’ फ़ारसी के दो शब्दों-‘पंज’ तथा ‘आब’ के मेल से बना है। जिसका अर्थ है-पांच पानियों अर्थात् पांच दरियाओं (नदियों) की धरती।

(b) बंटवारे से पहले पंजाब पांच दरियाओं की धरती था, परन्तु बंटवारे के कारण इसके तीन दरिया पाकिस्तान में चले गए और वर्तमान पंजाब में केवल दो दरिया (ब्यास तथा सतलुज) ही शेष रह गए।

(c) दोआबा सिन्ध सागर- इस दोआबे में दरिया सिन्ध तथा दरिया जेहलम के मध्य का प्रदेश आता है। यह भाग अधिक उपजाऊ नहीं है।

दोआबा चज- चिनाब तथा जेहलम नदियों के मध्य क्षेत्र को चज दोआबा के नाम से पुकारते हैं। इस दोआब के प्रसिद्ध नगर गुजरात, भेरा तथा शाहपुर हैं।

दोआबा रचना- इस भाग में रावी तथा चिनाब नदियों के बीच का प्रदेश सम्मिलित है जो काफ़ी उपजाऊ है। गुजरांवाला तथा शेखुपुरा इस दोआब के प्रसिद्ध नगर हैं।

The Panchayat Raj system was first adopted by the state of Bihar by the Bihar Panchayat Raj Act of 1947. It was a continued legacy of local self government started by Lord Ripon in the British era. Later it was implemented by Rajasthan in Nagaur district on 2 October 1959.

The correct answer is Phaltan Sugar Works.

• Phaltan is a town, a taluka, and a municipal council in Satara district in the Indian state of Maharashtra.
• Phaltan Sugar Works factory was established in 1993 in Satara district.
• Phaltan Taluka has two Sugar Factories: New Phaltan Sugar Works Ltd., Sakharwadi, and Shri Ram Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Pvt. Ltd.
• Phaltan. Sakharwadi's sugar factory is the 2nd sugar factory of Maharashtra and moreover, the 1st private sugar factory in Maharashtra State.

• At present, there are 173 cooperative sugar factories in operation in Maharashtra.
• Maharashtra accounts for 20% of sugar production in India behind Uttar Pradesh at 24%.
• Maharashtra is a major producer of Jowar and Arhar contributing 46.09 and 29.11 %, respectively to the total production of India.
• It is the second-largest producer of Cotton and Soybean.

The correct answer is Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar.

• On 7 November 1900, Ambedkar entered the Government High School (now Pratap Singh High School) at Rajwada Chowk in Satara, Maharashtra in the first English standard.
• Here he learned till 1904, i.e. up to the fourth standard.
• The school records his name as "Bhiva Ramji Ambedkar".

• Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar was the first Law Minister of India.
• Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar was the head of the Drafting Committee.
• Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar is also known as the father of the Constitution.
• Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar is also known as Modern Manu.

The factors leading to the declaration of internal emergency in India on June 25, 1975 were :
(i) Enocomic factors : In the elections of 1971, the Congress had given the slogan of ‘garibi hatao’ (remove poverty) but the promise had not been implemented. The economic condition of the people did not improve much after 1971-72. As a result of poor economic conditions, non-Congress opposition parties had started protests in different parts of the country.

(ii) Gujarat and Bihar movements : In 1974 the students in Gujarat and Bihar which were Congress ruled states started agitation against rising prices and corruption in high places. The opposition parties too joined these protests. As a result of these agitation, elections were held in Gujarat, where Congress was defeated. In Bihar, the movement was guided by Jayaprakash Narayan who tried to spread it to other parts of the country.

(iii) Conflict with judiciary : In the meantime the relations between the executive and the judiciary strained due to appointment of Justice A.N. Ray as Chief Justice of India, ignoring three other senior judges. On 12 June 1975, Allahabad High Court declared the election of Indira Gandhi invalid. The above events set a stage for a big political confrontation which came on 25 June 1975 when at Ramlila ground. New Dehli, Jayaprakash Narayan announced a nationwide satyagraha against Indira Gandhi. The same night she declared internal Emergency.

The correct answer is Aasind.

• The main temple of Devnarayanji located in Sawai Bhoj near Asind town in Bhilwara District.

• The principal temple of Devnaryan is located at Sawai Bhoj near Asind town in Bhilwara.
• Other significant shrines are at Demali, which is believed as the earliest shrine founded by Devnarayan himself and Malasari, where Devnarayan was born.
• Devnarayan is worshipped in these shrines in the form of an upright row of large-sized bricks.
• The bricks are often kept bare, but sometimes the multi-coloured tinsel is pasted over them.
• Another significant shrine of Devnarayan is located at Jodhpuriya near Mashi dam in Tonk district.
• Two fairs are organized each year near this shrine.
• Maharana Sanga of Mewar was a great devotee of Shri Devnarayan and he is said to have built a temple in memory of Deoji. 

Correct option is (d) SO₂

SO₂ is not present in photochemical smog

Zakir Hussain declared emergency in 1975.

The correct answer is Pomegranate.

• The most talked-about variety of pomegranates is Saffron.
  • Saffron is a flavour gotten from the bloom of Crocus sativus, normally known as the "saffron crocus".
  • The distinctive blood-red shame and styles, called strings, are gathered and dried for use predominantly as a flavouring and shading specialist in food.
  • C. Sativus is potentially a triploid type of Crocus cartwrightianus, which is otherwise called "wild saffron".

• Saffron crocus gradually engendered all through quite a bit of Eurasia and was subsequently brought to parts of North Africa, North America, and Oceania.
• Saffron's taste and iodoform-like or feed like aroma result from the phytochemicals picrocrocin and safranal. It likewise contains a carotenoid colour, crocin, which confers a rich brilliant yellow shade to dishes and materials.

• High-return pomegranates, alongside the zest saffron, are promoted as the substitution for the nation's poppies.
• Pomegranates and saffron are the things that can contend with poppy regarding esteem since they are exceptionally high-esteem crops.

The Correct Answer is Cotton.

•  India has the world’s fifth-largest cultivated area under genetically modified (GM) crops, at 11.4 million hectares (MH) in 2017.
• But unlike other big growers, its entire GM crop area is under a single crop — cotton — incorporating genes from the Bacillus thuringiensis or Bt soil bacterium coding for resistance against Heliothis bollworm insect pests

• Organisms that have new genes inserted into them are called transgenic or genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
• GM is a technology that involves inserting DNA into the genome of an organism.
• To produce a GM plant, new DNA is transferred into plant cells. Usually, the cells are then grown in tissue culture where they develop into plants.
• The seeds produced by these plants will inherit the new DNA.   
• Genetic modification of plants involves adding a specific stretch of DNA into the plant’s genome, giving it new or different characteristics.
• This could include changing the way the plant grows or making it resistant to a particular disease.
• The new DNA becomes part of the GM plant’s genome which the seeds produced by these plants will contain.

Pros :

• Spend less money producing more crops, hence increases farmers' income.
• Use fewer pesticides and herbicides: The number of pesticide chemicals used on the plants is reduced, so their exposure to dangerous pesticides is also reduced.
• Do less tilling to remove weeds, thereby protecting the soil.
• Foods with better texture, flavor, and nutritional value.
• Foods with a longer shelf life for easier shipping.

Cons :

• Creating “superweeds” that have evolved a resistance to glyphosate, a common herbicide in GMO food production.
• Allergic Reactions: It states that genetic modification often adds or mixes proteins that were not indigenous to the original animal or plant, which might cause new allergic reactions in our body.
• Raise of Super pest: The chance in the evolution of pest is more.
• Cross-Pollination: Cross-pollination can cover quite large distances, where new genes can be included in the offspring of organic, traditional plants or crops that are miles away. This can result in difficulty in distinguishing which crop fields are organic and which are not, posing a problem to the task of properly labeling non-GMO food products.

The correct answer is Both 1 nor 2.

• The flow of water through well-defined channels is known as ‘drainage’ and the network of such channels is called a ‘drainage system’.
• Discordant drainage
  • A pattern of drainage that bears no relation to the structure of the underlying rock.
  • It can be Superimposed or Antecedent drainage.
• Superimposed Drainage System
  • The drainage pattern developed on rock strata that have been removed by erosion is known as superimposition. 
  • Superimposed Drainage cut deeper through the existing landform and maintain the same path. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
  • The Superimposed drainage is also known as Epigenetic or Superinduced Drainage.
  • Examples: The Damodar, the Subarnarekha, the Chambal, the Banas, and the rivers flowing at the Rewa Plateau, rivers of the eastern USA and southern France.
• Antecedent Drainage System
  • The drainage pattern was already present before a period of uplift and folding.
  • During an uplift, the rivers were able to cut down at the same rate and so maintain their courses. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
  • This process is called antecedence and the drainage system thus developed is called antecedent drainage.
  • The Himalayan rivers have antecedent origin i.e. these rivers existed even before the Himalayan ranges were uplifted.
  • Example: The Indus, Satluj, Alaknanda, Gandak, Kosi, Brahmaputra all have an antecedent origin.
  • They run transverse to the mountain ranges cutting deep V-shaped, steep-sided valleys, deep gorges, etc.

The correct answer is Mobility.

• The Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) is observing 2020 as the ‘Year of Mobility’.
• It aims for the creation of more residential units and the implementation of various welfare measures for the troops.
• It will focus on sports and physical fitness leveraging modern gadgetry and constructing infrastructure for their families.

• CISF is a Central Armed Police Force in India and established on March 10, 1969.
• It is under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
• It is a unique organization in paramilitary forces for India, which works for seaways, airways and plays an important role in disaster management. 

The correct answer is Poovan.

• Poovan is a variety of banana.

• Birsa Dhan - 105, Karjat - 2, Ratnagiri - 3 is a variety of rice.
• There are several distinctive varieties of rice cultivated in India such as Jasmine, Ambemohar (GI tagged to Maharashtra), Seeraga Samba, etc. The Manipur black rice, called 'Chakhao' is the most recent addition to GI tagged rice varieties of India.
• West Bengal is the largest rice producer in India.

The correct answer is Rat hole mining.

• In Jowai and Cherapunjee, coal mining is done by family members by digging a long narrow tunnel, which is referred to as 'Rat hole Mining'.
• In India, to extract minerals, individual needs the due permission of the government as most of the minerals are nationalized or acquired by the government of the country.
• In the case of Meghalaya, it is different; coal mines in the tribal areas of North-east India are acquired by the individuals and communities rather than the government.
• Large deposits of coal, iron ore, limestone, and dolomite, etc are found in Meghalaya.

The correct answer is 1 and 3.

• Hedgehog:
  • They are small mammals with short limbs and a body low to the ground.
  • Their most distinctive characteristic is the thousands of stiff, sharp spines — harder and sharper than those of a porcupine — that cover the animal’s back and sides, like a pincushion filled with needles.
  • If attacked they will curl into a prickly and unappetizing ball that deters most predators. Hence statement 1 is correct.
  • IUCN Red List Status: Least concern
• Marmot:
  • They are any of 14 species of giant ground squirrels found primarily in North America and Eurasia.
  • These rodents are large and heavy, weighing 3 to 7 kg (6.6 to 15.4 pounds), depending upon the species.
  • Marmots are well suited for life in cold environments and have small fur-covered ears, short, stocky legs, and strong claws for digging.
  • Due to the absence of scales or spines, they do not roll up and protect their vulnerable parts. Hence statement 2 is incorrect.
  • The Himalayan marmot is IUCN Red Listed as Least Concern
• Pangolin:
  • Also called scaly anteaters because of their preferred diet, pangolins are the most trafficked mammal in the world.
  • If touched or grabbed it will roll up completely into a ball, while the sharp scales on the tail can be used to lash out. Hence statement 3 is correct.
  • Eight species of pangolins are found on two continents. They range from Vulnerable to Critically Endangered.

(d) Freedom of the press 

(a) 42nd Amendment of the Constitution

The correct answer is George Fernandes.

• George Mathew Fernandes was an Indian trade unionist, statesman, journalist, and member of Rajya Sabha from Bihar for a short while, and a member of Lok Sabha for a very long period, starting from Bombay in 1967 but mostly representing Bihar.
• In 1994, after the disintegration of the Janata Party, Fernandes formed the Samata Party. 
• Fernandes served as defence minister for two terms, from 1998-2001 and then from 2001-2004. His first term was eventful as it witnessed the Kargil war and the first Pokhran test.

• In order give to tribute and respect, the Bihar Chief Minister has announced to celebrate the 3rd June (George Fernandes Birthday) of every year as a State Function.
• From now on each year, this state function is going to be organised in Muzaffarpur, Bihar where Geroge Fernandes won his first Lok Sabha seat after the emergency was lifted back in 1977. 

The correct answer is Losar.

• Losar festival is celebrated annually in the Ladakh region, on the first day of the eleventh month of the Tibetan calendar.
• It is said to last 15 days, but the first 3 days are the most important ones.
• Humorous events such as the dance of the deer and the amusing battles between the King and his various ministers are highlights of this festival.
• Losar is characterized especially by dancing, music, and a general spirit of merrymaking.
• In Ladakh, Losar is regarded as the most important socio-religious event.

(c) Article 29 and 30

The correct answer is 1, 2 and 3.

• Exotic species introduced to new environments often reset the ecological conditions in that new habitat, threatening the species that exist there; this is the reason that they are also termed invasive species.
  • Such species compete with the local or native species for food
  • They may be predators of local species
  • Such species may cause diseases in native species
• Invasive species that are closely related to rare native species have the potential to hybridize with the native species; harmful effects of hybridization have led to a decline and even extinction of native species.
• Invasive species can change the food web in an ecosystem by destroying or replacing native food sources. The invasive species may provide little to no food value for wildlife.
• Lakes and islands are particularly vulnerable to extinction threats from introduced species.

(d) I, II, III and IV

(d) Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru 

The correct answer is 2 and 3 only​.

• Abiotic components of an ecosystem include all chemical and physical elements i.e. non-living components.
• Abiotic components can vary from region to region, from one ecosystem to another. They mainly take up the role of life supporters. They determine and restrict the population growth, number, and diversity of biotic factors in an ecosystem. Hence they are called limiting factors.
• A terrestrial ecosystem consists of abiotic factors like climate, type of soil or rock, altitude, temperature, nutrients, and minerals, whereas abiotic components in an aquatic ecosystem include dissolved gases, depth of water, salinity, pH of water, light intensity, etc.
• Biotic components can be classified into three categories:
  • Producers: These include all the autotrophs. They use light energy and synthesize food on their own, e.g. plants, green algae, etc.
  • Consumers: These include all the heterotrophs that directly or indirectly depend on producers for their food. Consumers are further categorized as herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and parasites.
  • Decomposers: These include saprophytes that act on dead matter and decay them for their nutrition.

(a) eliminate inequality in economic and political status

The correct answer is Nimar.

• The Nimar district of the Madhya Pradesh state is known as the " White Gold" because of its largest production of Cotton in the district.
• Now the Nimar district has been divided into two districts West Nimar is known as 'Khargone' and East Nimar is known as 'Khandwa' district.
• For the production of Cotton, black soil is the most suitable soil production.
• The other cotton production districts in the state are Barwani, Dhar, Dewas, Indore, Neemuch, and Burhanpur.

 West Nimar:

East Nimar:

(d) federal in form and unitary in spirit

(d) Distribution of powers between the Centre and States

(c) preamble

(c) Erstwhile USSR

(d) the Objectives Resolution adopted by the Constituent Assembly

The correct answer is to convert organic material to simpler forms.

• The ecosystem is characterized as a community of lifeforms that compete with non-living components and interacts with one another.
• Decomposers include saprophytes such as fungi and bacteria.
• Decomposers directly thrive on the dead and decaying organic matter.
• Decomposers are essential for the ecosystem as they help in recycling nutrients to be reused by plants.

• Following is the role of a decomposer in the ecosystem:
  •  Decomposers act as a cleansing agent of the environment by decomposing dead plants and animals.
  •  Decomposers help in recycling the nutrients.
  •  Decomposers provide space for new being in the biosphere by decomposing the dead.
  •  Decomposers help in putting back the various elements into the water, soil, and air for the reuse of producers like crop plants. 

Correct option is: (D) 22 May